Neurological soft signs discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities, including motor, sensory, and inhibitory dysfunction. Schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of NSS. However, the relationships between NSS and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and...
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| creator | Zhao, Qing Ma, Yan-tao Lui, Simon S.Y. Liu, Wen-hua Xu, Ting Yu, Xin Tan, Shu-Ping Wang, Zhi-ren Qu, Miao Wang, Ya Huang, Jia Cheung, Eric F.C. Dazzan, Paola Chan, Raymond C.K. |
| description | Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities, including motor, sensory, and inhibitory dysfunction. Schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of NSS. However, the relationships between NSS and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression are unclear. The present study aimed to examine the specificity of NSS among these three clinical groups.
A total of 120 demographically matched participants (30 each in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and healthy controls) were recruited for the study. NSS subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) were administered to each participant.
Significant differences were found in the total score of NSS (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.006 |
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A total of 120 demographically matched participants (30 each in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and healthy controls) were recruited for the study. NSS subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) were administered to each participant.
Significant differences were found in the total score of NSS (p<0.01), and the subscale scores for motor coordination (p<0.01), sensory integration (p=0.01) and disinhibition (p<0.01). Both patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed more total NSS signs than healthy controls (p<0.01). Patients with schizophrenia also showed more total NSS signs than patients with major depression (p=0.02). Both patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder showed more motor coordination signs than healthy controls and patients with major depression (p<0.05). Moreover, compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed more disinhibition signs (p<0.01), while patients with bipolar disorder showed more sensory integration signs (p<0.01). Discriminant analysis showed 77.5% of correct classification of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from patients with major depression and healthy controls.
NSS are not unique to schizophrenia, but are also found in bipolar disorder, while patients with major depression are comparable to normal controls. Our results suggest that NSS, especially motor-coordination signs, can differentiate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder. Our results may provide further evidence to support the similarity between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from the dimension of behavioral expression.
► Examine the specificity of NSS in schizophrenia ► Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders exhibit more NSS than healthy controls. ► NSS can discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-5846</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-4216</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23266480</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNPPD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Analysis of Variance ; Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bipolar disorder ; Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis ; Bipolar Disorder - psychology ; Bipolar disorders ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibition (Psychology) ; Major depression ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mood disorders ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurological soft signs ; Neuropharmacology ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Prevalence ; Prevalence rate ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychomotor Performance - physiology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychoses ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - diagnosis ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2013-06, Vol.43, p.72-78</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-79825a2edb49c7de76b534b11a7ac2b0aa04a79608d406be113222b70c40e2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-79825a2edb49c7de76b534b11a7ac2b0aa04a79608d406be113222b70c40e2a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27205437$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23266480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yan-tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lui, Simon S.Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wen-hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Shu-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhi-ren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Miao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Eric F.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dazzan, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Raymond C.K.</creatorcontrib><title>Neurological soft signs discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder</title><title>Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry</title><addtitle>Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities, including motor, sensory, and inhibitory dysfunction. Schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of NSS. However, the relationships between NSS and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression are unclear. The present study aimed to examine the specificity of NSS among these three clinical groups.
A total of 120 demographically matched participants (30 each in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and healthy controls) were recruited for the study. NSS subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) were administered to each participant.
Significant differences were found in the total score of NSS (p<0.01), and the subscale scores for motor coordination (p<0.01), sensory integration (p=0.01) and disinhibition (p<0.01). Both patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed more total NSS signs than healthy controls (p<0.01). Patients with schizophrenia also showed more total NSS signs than patients with major depression (p=0.02). Both patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder showed more motor coordination signs than healthy controls and patients with major depression (p<0.05). Moreover, compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed more disinhibition signs (p<0.01), while patients with bipolar disorder showed more sensory integration signs (p<0.01). Discriminant analysis showed 77.5% of correct classification of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from patients with major depression and healthy controls.
NSS are not unique to schizophrenia, but are also found in bipolar disorder, while patients with major depression are comparable to normal controls. Our results suggest that NSS, especially motor-coordination signs, can differentiate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder. Our results may provide further evidence to support the similarity between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from the dimension of behavioral expression.
► Examine the specificity of NSS in schizophrenia ► Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders exhibit more NSS than healthy controls. ► NSS can discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder.]]></description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bipolar disorder</subject><subject>Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Bipolar Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Bipolar disorders</subject><subject>Data Interpretation, Statistical</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Discriminant Analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhibition (Psychology)</subject><subject>Major depression</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Neurologic Examination</subject><subject>Neurological soft signs</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevalence rate</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoses</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Schizophrenic Psychology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0278-5846</issn><issn>1878-4216</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE2LFDEQhoMo7uzqLxAkF8HLjJWPSboPHmRRV1j0sveQj-rdDN1Jm3QL7q8344x6EwpSh-etSj2EvGKwY8DUu8NuTrObdxwY37UCUE_IhnW620rO1FOyAd76fSfVBbms9QAATIB4Ti644ErJDjbEfsW15DHfR29HWvOw0BrvU6UhVl_iFJNdkFb_EB_z_FAwRUuHkic62UMuNOBcsNaYE3XrQlNeqItzHm05DsglYHlBng12rPjy_F6Ru08f765vtrffPn-5_nC79aLrl63uO763HIOTvdcBtXJ7IR1jVlvPHVgL0upeQRckKIeMCc650-AlILfiirw9jZ1L_r5iXczULsBxtAnzWk3DWYv3GhoqTqgvudaCg5nbpbb8NAzMUa05mN9qzVGtadXUttTr84LVTRj-Zv64bMCbM2BrkzkUm3ys_zjNYS-Fbtz7E4fNxo-IxVQfMXkMsaBfTMjxvx_5BQm1mcg</recordid><startdate>20130603</startdate><enddate>20130603</enddate><creator>Zhao, Qing</creator><creator>Ma, Yan-tao</creator><creator>Lui, Simon S.Y.</creator><creator>Liu, Wen-hua</creator><creator>Xu, Ting</creator><creator>Yu, Xin</creator><creator>Tan, Shu-Ping</creator><creator>Wang, Zhi-ren</creator><creator>Qu, Miao</creator><creator>Wang, Ya</creator><creator>Huang, Jia</creator><creator>Cheung, Eric F.C.</creator><creator>Dazzan, Paola</creator><creator>Chan, Raymond C.K.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130603</creationdate><title>Neurological soft signs discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder</title><author>Zhao, Qing ; Ma, Yan-tao ; Lui, Simon S.Y. ; Liu, Wen-hua ; Xu, Ting ; Yu, Xin ; Tan, Shu-Ping ; Wang, Zhi-ren ; Qu, Miao ; Wang, Ya ; Huang, Jia ; Cheung, Eric F.C. ; Dazzan, Paola ; Chan, Raymond C.K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-79825a2edb49c7de76b534b11a7ac2b0aa04a79608d406be113222b70c40e2a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bipolar disorder</topic><topic>Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Bipolar Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Bipolar disorders</topic><topic>Data Interpretation, Statistical</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Discriminant Analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhibition (Psychology)</topic><topic>Major depression</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Neurologic Examination</topic><topic>Neurological soft signs</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prevalence rate</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychoses</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Schizophrenic Psychology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yan-tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lui, Simon S.Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wen-hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Shu-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhi-ren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Miao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Eric F.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dazzan, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Raymond C.K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhao, Qing</au><au>Ma, Yan-tao</au><au>Lui, Simon S.Y.</au><au>Liu, Wen-hua</au><au>Xu, Ting</au><au>Yu, Xin</au><au>Tan, Shu-Ping</au><au>Wang, Zhi-ren</au><au>Qu, Miao</au><au>Wang, Ya</au><au>Huang, Jia</au><au>Cheung, Eric F.C.</au><au>Dazzan, Paola</au><au>Chan, Raymond C.K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Neurological soft signs discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder</atitle><jtitle>Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2013-06-03</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>43</volume><spage>72</spage><epage>78</epage><pages>72-78</pages><issn>0278-5846</issn><eissn>1878-4216</eissn><coden>PNPPD7</coden><abstract><![CDATA[Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities, including motor, sensory, and inhibitory dysfunction. Schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of NSS. However, the relationships between NSS and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression are unclear. The present study aimed to examine the specificity of NSS among these three clinical groups.
A total of 120 demographically matched participants (30 each in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and healthy controls) were recruited for the study. NSS subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) were administered to each participant.
Significant differences were found in the total score of NSS (p<0.01), and the subscale scores for motor coordination (p<0.01), sensory integration (p=0.01) and disinhibition (p<0.01). Both patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed more total NSS signs than healthy controls (p<0.01). Patients with schizophrenia also showed more total NSS signs than patients with major depression (p=0.02). Both patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder showed more motor coordination signs than healthy controls and patients with major depression (p<0.05). Moreover, compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed more disinhibition signs (p<0.01), while patients with bipolar disorder showed more sensory integration signs (p<0.01). Discriminant analysis showed 77.5% of correct classification of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from patients with major depression and healthy controls.
NSS are not unique to schizophrenia, but are also found in bipolar disorder, while patients with major depression are comparable to normal controls. Our results suggest that NSS, especially motor-coordination signs, can differentiate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder. Our results may provide further evidence to support the similarity between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from the dimension of behavioral expression.
► Examine the specificity of NSS in schizophrenia ► Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders exhibit more NSS than healthy controls. ► NSS can discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder.]]></abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>23266480</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.006</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Analysis of Variance Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Bipolar disorder Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis Bipolar Disorder - psychology Bipolar disorders Data Interpretation, Statistical Depression Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology Diagnosis, Differential Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Discriminant Analysis Female Humans Inhibition (Psychology) Major depression Male Medical sciences Mood disorders Neurologic Examination Neurological soft signs Neuropharmacology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Prevalence Prevalence rate Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychomotor Performance - physiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenic Psychology Young Adult |
| title | Neurological soft signs discriminate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder |
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