Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target
Study design: A pilot study measuring the levels of serum-soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) in eight spinal cord-injured patients. Objectives: To determine the soluble concentration of CD95L in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients after trauma. Methods: We collected blood samples from eight patients with acu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Spinal cord 2013-03, Vol.51 (3), p.183-187 |
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| creator | Biglari, B Büchler, A Swing, T Biehl, E Roth, H J Bruckner, T Schmidmaier, G Ferbert, T Gerner, H J Moghaddam, A |
| description | Study design:
A pilot study measuring the levels of serum-soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) in eight spinal cord-injured patients.
Objectives:
To determine the soluble concentration of CD95L in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients after trauma.
Methods:
We collected blood samples from eight patients with acute traumatic SCI. Soluble CD95L serum levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was determined according to ASIA classification. The patients were monitored, and venous blood was drawn after arrival at the hospital on the 1st and 3rd day and during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after trauma.
Results:
The average patient age was 48.1 years (18–86 years). Three patients were paraplegic (two incomplete, one complete), five were quadriplegic (one complete, four incomplete). The serum concentration of soluble CD95L (sCD95L) decreased during the 1st week (41 ng l
−1
) and increased after the 2nd week in all eight patients. It peaked during the 4th week (68.5 ng l
−1
) and reached a plateau during the 12th week (76.2 ng l
−1
). There are many possible explanations for not being able to detect a statistical significance, one of course being the small sample size.
Conclusion:
Promising results for anti-CD95L therapy have already been documented in lab studies with rodents. Anti-CD95L blocks the pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound CD95L during the acute phase of SCI. We observed that sCD95L levels are elevated during the subacute and intermediate phases of SCI. It would be of great interest to study a larger group of patients to determine whether higher sCD95 levels are correlated with improved or impaired neurological outcome or with increasing levels of autoimmune components in peripheral blood. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sc.2012.139 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1318697881</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1314334111</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-d424fbd681da060efa7878092a92e3e5af3e0b8d7c527c12492fc5ff45f26cbd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUtLxDAUhYMovlfuJeBG0I55tU3cyfiEATe6Lml643TotDWPhf_ejKMi4sLNzYV851w4B6EjSiaUcHnhzYQRyiaUqw20S0VZZHnBxGbaecEywRXfQXveLwghiiq5jXYYp1IQTnbR8NAbB9oDbnvshy7WHeDptcpnuImu7V-wj7U2MQAe5wnzWNsADs_jUifB2Pa6w2ZwTdIvonu7xBqPQ4A-tOkjzMHpEWJoDQ7avUA4QFtWdx4OP9999Hx78zS9z2aPdw_Tq1lmBBMha9K0dVNI2mhSELC6lKUkimnFgEOuLQdSy6Y0OSsNZUIxa3JrRW5ZYeqG76PTte_ohtcIPlTL1hvoOt3DEH1FUwKFKqWk_0EF54LSFXryC10M0aUIPiiep4RzmaizNWXc4L0DW42uXWr3VlFSrSqrvKlWlSWRSvTxp2esl9B8s18dJeB8DfhxVQi4H0f_8HsHWLCfdw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1313500058</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Biglari, B ; Büchler, A ; Swing, T ; Biehl, E ; Roth, H J ; Bruckner, T ; Schmidmaier, G ; Ferbert, T ; Gerner, H J ; Moghaddam, A</creator><creatorcontrib>Biglari, B ; Büchler, A ; Swing, T ; Biehl, E ; Roth, H J ; Bruckner, T ; Schmidmaier, G ; Ferbert, T ; Gerner, H J ; Moghaddam, A</creatorcontrib><description>Study design:
A pilot study measuring the levels of serum-soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) in eight spinal cord-injured patients.
Objectives:
To determine the soluble concentration of CD95L in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients after trauma.
Methods:
We collected blood samples from eight patients with acute traumatic SCI. Soluble CD95L serum levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was determined according to ASIA classification. The patients were monitored, and venous blood was drawn after arrival at the hospital on the 1st and 3rd day and during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after trauma.
Results:
The average patient age was 48.1 years (18–86 years). Three patients were paraplegic (two incomplete, one complete), five were quadriplegic (one complete, four incomplete). The serum concentration of soluble CD95L (sCD95L) decreased during the 1st week (41 ng l
−1
) and increased after the 2nd week in all eight patients. It peaked during the 4th week (68.5 ng l
−1
) and reached a plateau during the 12th week (76.2 ng l
−1
). There are many possible explanations for not being able to detect a statistical significance, one of course being the small sample size.
Conclusion:
Promising results for anti-CD95L therapy have already been documented in lab studies with rodents. Anti-CD95L blocks the pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound CD95L during the acute phase of SCI. We observed that sCD95L levels are elevated during the subacute and intermediate phases of SCI. It would be of great interest to study a larger group of patients to determine whether higher sCD95 levels are correlated with improved or impaired neurological outcome or with increasing levels of autoimmune components in peripheral blood.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1362-4393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5624</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sc.2012.139</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23184030</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SPCOFM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/154/556 ; 631/378/1687/1825 ; Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anatomy ; Biomarkers - blood ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; CD95 antigen ; Classification ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Fas Ligand Protein - blood ; FasL protein ; Female ; Hospitals ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods ; Molecular Targeted Therapy - trends ; Neurochemistry ; Neuropsychology ; Neurosciences ; original-article ; Paralysis ; Peripheral blood ; Pilot Projects ; Serum levels ; Solubility ; Spinal Cord Injuries - blood ; Spinal Cord Injuries - diagnosis ; Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy ; Spinal cord injury ; Statistics ; Trauma ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Spinal cord, 2013-03, Vol.51 (3), p.183-187</ispartof><rights>International Spinal Cord Society 2013</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-d424fbd681da060efa7878092a92e3e5af3e0b8d7c527c12492fc5ff45f26cbd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-d424fbd681da060efa7878092a92e3e5af3e0b8d7c527c12492fc5ff45f26cbd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/sc.2012.139$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/sc.2012.139$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184030$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Biglari, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Büchler, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swing, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biehl, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roth, H J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruckner, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidmaier, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferbert, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerner, H J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moghaddam, A</creatorcontrib><title>Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target</title><title>Spinal cord</title><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><description>Study design:
A pilot study measuring the levels of serum-soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) in eight spinal cord-injured patients.
Objectives:
To determine the soluble concentration of CD95L in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients after trauma.
Methods:
We collected blood samples from eight patients with acute traumatic SCI. Soluble CD95L serum levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was determined according to ASIA classification. The patients were monitored, and venous blood was drawn after arrival at the hospital on the 1st and 3rd day and during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after trauma.
Results:
The average patient age was 48.1 years (18–86 years). Three patients were paraplegic (two incomplete, one complete), five were quadriplegic (one complete, four incomplete). The serum concentration of soluble CD95L (sCD95L) decreased during the 1st week (41 ng l
−1
) and increased after the 2nd week in all eight patients. It peaked during the 4th week (68.5 ng l
−1
) and reached a plateau during the 12th week (76.2 ng l
−1
). There are many possible explanations for not being able to detect a statistical significance, one of course being the small sample size.
Conclusion:
Promising results for anti-CD95L therapy have already been documented in lab studies with rodents. Anti-CD95L blocks the pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound CD95L during the acute phase of SCI. We observed that sCD95L levels are elevated during the subacute and intermediate phases of SCI. It would be of great interest to study a larger group of patients to determine whether higher sCD95 levels are correlated with improved or impaired neurological outcome or with increasing levels of autoimmune components in peripheral blood.</description><subject>631/154/556</subject><subject>631/378/1687/1825</subject><subject>Acute Disease</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>CD95 antigen</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Fas Ligand Protein - blood</subject><subject>FasL protein</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Molecular Targeted Therapy - trends</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Paralysis</subject><subject>Peripheral blood</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Serum levels</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - blood</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - diagnosis</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy</subject><subject>Spinal cord injury</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1362-4393</issn><issn>1476-5624</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtLxDAUhYMovlfuJeBG0I55tU3cyfiEATe6Lml643TotDWPhf_ejKMi4sLNzYV851w4B6EjSiaUcHnhzYQRyiaUqw20S0VZZHnBxGbaecEywRXfQXveLwghiiq5jXYYp1IQTnbR8NAbB9oDbnvshy7WHeDptcpnuImu7V-wj7U2MQAe5wnzWNsADs_jUifB2Pa6w2ZwTdIvonu7xBqPQ4A-tOkjzMHpEWJoDQ7avUA4QFtWdx4OP9999Hx78zS9z2aPdw_Tq1lmBBMha9K0dVNI2mhSELC6lKUkimnFgEOuLQdSy6Y0OSsNZUIxa3JrRW5ZYeqG76PTte_ohtcIPlTL1hvoOt3DEH1FUwKFKqWk_0EF54LSFXryC10M0aUIPiiep4RzmaizNWXc4L0DW42uXWr3VlFSrSqrvKlWlSWRSvTxp2esl9B8s18dJeB8DfhxVQi4H0f_8HsHWLCfdw</recordid><startdate>20130301</startdate><enddate>20130301</enddate><creator>Biglari, B</creator><creator>Büchler, A</creator><creator>Swing, T</creator><creator>Biehl, E</creator><creator>Roth, H J</creator><creator>Bruckner, T</creator><creator>Schmidmaier, G</creator><creator>Ferbert, T</creator><creator>Gerner, H J</creator><creator>Moghaddam, A</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130301</creationdate><title>Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target</title><author>Biglari, B ; Büchler, A ; Swing, T ; Biehl, E ; Roth, H J ; Bruckner, T ; Schmidmaier, G ; Ferbert, T ; Gerner, H J ; Moghaddam, A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-d424fbd681da060efa7878092a92e3e5af3e0b8d7c527c12492fc5ff45f26cbd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>631/154/556</topic><topic>631/378/1687/1825</topic><topic>Acute Disease</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>CD95 antigen</topic><topic>Classification</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Fas Ligand Protein - blood</topic><topic>FasL protein</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Molecular Targeted Therapy - trends</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>Neuropsychology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Paralysis</topic><topic>Peripheral blood</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Serum levels</topic><topic>Solubility</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - blood</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - diagnosis</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy</topic><topic>Spinal cord injury</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Biglari, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Büchler, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swing, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biehl, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roth, H J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruckner, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidmaier, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferbert, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerner, H J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moghaddam, A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Biglari, B</au><au>Büchler, A</au><au>Swing, T</au><au>Biehl, E</au><au>Roth, H J</au><au>Bruckner, T</au><au>Schmidmaier, G</au><au>Ferbert, T</au><au>Gerner, H J</au><au>Moghaddam, A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target</atitle><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle><stitle>Spinal Cord</stitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><date>2013-03-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>183</spage><epage>187</epage><pages>183-187</pages><issn>1362-4393</issn><eissn>1476-5624</eissn><coden>SPCOFM</coden><abstract>Study design:
A pilot study measuring the levels of serum-soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) in eight spinal cord-injured patients.
Objectives:
To determine the soluble concentration of CD95L in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients after trauma.
Methods:
We collected blood samples from eight patients with acute traumatic SCI. Soluble CD95L serum levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was determined according to ASIA classification. The patients were monitored, and venous blood was drawn after arrival at the hospital on the 1st and 3rd day and during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after trauma.
Results:
The average patient age was 48.1 years (18–86 years). Three patients were paraplegic (two incomplete, one complete), five were quadriplegic (one complete, four incomplete). The serum concentration of soluble CD95L (sCD95L) decreased during the 1st week (41 ng l
−1
) and increased after the 2nd week in all eight patients. It peaked during the 4th week (68.5 ng l
−1
) and reached a plateau during the 12th week (76.2 ng l
−1
). There are many possible explanations for not being able to detect a statistical significance, one of course being the small sample size.
Conclusion:
Promising results for anti-CD95L therapy have already been documented in lab studies with rodents. Anti-CD95L blocks the pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound CD95L during the acute phase of SCI. We observed that sCD95L levels are elevated during the subacute and intermediate phases of SCI. It would be of great interest to study a larger group of patients to determine whether higher sCD95 levels are correlated with improved or impaired neurological outcome or with increasing levels of autoimmune components in peripheral blood.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>23184030</pmid><doi>10.1038/sc.2012.139</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Spinal cord, 2013-03, Vol.51 (3), p.183-187 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | 631/154/556 631/378/1687/1825 Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Anatomy Biomarkers - blood Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine CD95 antigen Classification Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Fas Ligand Protein - blood FasL protein Female Hospitals Human Physiology Humans Inflammation Male Middle Aged Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods Molecular Targeted Therapy - trends Neurochemistry Neuropsychology Neurosciences original-article Paralysis Peripheral blood Pilot Projects Serum levels Solubility Spinal Cord Injuries - blood Spinal Cord Injuries - diagnosis Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy Spinal cord injury Statistics Trauma Young Adult |
| title | Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target |
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