Crop Management Impacts Biofuel Quality: Influence of Switchgrass Harvest Time on Yield, Nitrogen and Ash of Fast Pyrolysis Products
Although upgrading bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is an attractive pathway for biofuel production, nitrogen (N) and mineral matter carried over from the feedstock to the bio-oil represents a serious contaminant in the process. Reducing the N and ash content of biomass feedstocks would improv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bioenergy research 2013-03, Vol.6 (1), p.103-113 |
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| creator | Wilson, Danielle M. Dalluge, Dustin L. Rover, Marjorie Heaton, Emily A. Brown, Robert C. |
| description | Although upgrading bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is an attractive pathway for biofuel production, nitrogen (N) and mineral matter carried over from the feedstock to the bio-oil represents a serious contaminant in the process. Reducing the N and ash content of biomass feedstocks would improve process reliability and reduce production costs of pyrolytic biofuels. This study investigated: (1) How does switchgrass harvest date influence the yield, N concentration ([N]), and ash concentration of biomass and fast pyrolysis products? and (2) Is there a predictive relationship between [N] of switchgrass biomass and [N] of fast pyrolysis products? Switchgrass from five harvest dates and varying [N] from central Iowa were pyrolyzed using a free-fall reactor. Harvestable biomass peaked in August (8.6 Mg ha
−1
), dropping significantly by November (6.7 Mg ha
−1
,
P
= 0.0027). Production of bio-oil per unit area mirrored that of harvested biomass at each harvest date; however, bio-oil yield per unit dry biomass increased from 46.6 % to 56.7 % during the season (
P
= 0.0018). Allowing switchgrass to senesce lowered biomass [N] dramatically, by as much as 68 % from June to November (
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12155-012-9240-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1315613246</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A712238568</galeid><sourcerecordid>A712238568</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-d83579a6f0b4eb6d151ea9491cce4abf72b364b8644931337afbf357be487fd43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kcFu1DAQhiMEEqXwANwsceFAisd2nITbsqJ0pZYWUQ6cLMcZp64Se7ET0N55cLxaVBVE5YMt-_tmRv6L4iXQE6C0fpuAQVWVFFjZMkFL-qg4gpa3JTDBHt-duXhaPEvpllJJBW2Pil_rGLbkQns94IR-Jptpq82cyHsX7IIj-bzo0c27d2Tj7bigN0iCJV9-utncDFGnRM50_IFpJtduym-efHM49m_IJzfHMKAn2vdklW722qnO3NUuhnGXXCJXMfRLbva8eGL1mPDFn_24-Hr64Xp9Vp5fftysV-elESDnsm94VbdaWtoJ7GQPFaBuRQvGoNCdrVnHpegaKUTLgfNa285mpUPR1LYX_Lh4fai7jeH7kmdWk0sGx1F7DEtSwKGSwJmQGX31D3oblujzdApYw9ua8_yld9SgR1TO2zBHbfZF1aoGxnhTySZTJ_-h8upxciZ4tC7f_yXAQTAxpBTRqm10k447BVTt41aHuFWOW-3jVjQ77OCkzPoB472BH5R-AxRXq70</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1283973319</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Crop Management Impacts Biofuel Quality: Influence of Switchgrass Harvest Time on Yield, Nitrogen and Ash of Fast Pyrolysis Products</title><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Wilson, Danielle M. ; Dalluge, Dustin L. ; Rover, Marjorie ; Heaton, Emily A. ; Brown, Robert C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Danielle M. ; Dalluge, Dustin L. ; Rover, Marjorie ; Heaton, Emily A. ; Brown, Robert C.</creatorcontrib><description>Although upgrading bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is an attractive pathway for biofuel production, nitrogen (N) and mineral matter carried over from the feedstock to the bio-oil represents a serious contaminant in the process. Reducing the N and ash content of biomass feedstocks would improve process reliability and reduce production costs of pyrolytic biofuels. This study investigated: (1) How does switchgrass harvest date influence the yield, N concentration ([N]), and ash concentration of biomass and fast pyrolysis products? and (2) Is there a predictive relationship between [N] of switchgrass biomass and [N] of fast pyrolysis products? Switchgrass from five harvest dates and varying [N] from central Iowa were pyrolyzed using a free-fall reactor. Harvestable biomass peaked in August (8.6 Mg ha
−1
), dropping significantly by November (6.7 Mg ha
−1
,
P
= 0.0027). Production of bio-oil per unit area mirrored that of harvested biomass at each harvest date; however, bio-oil yield per unit dry biomass increased from 46.6 % to 56.7 % during the season (
P
= 0.0018). Allowing switchgrass to senesce lowered biomass [N] dramatically, by as much as 68 % from June to November (
P
< 0.0001). Concurrently, bio-oil [N] declined from 0.51 % in June to 0.17 % by November (
P
< 0.0001). Significant reductions in ash concentration were also observed in biomass and char. Finally, we show for the first time that the [N] of switchgrass biomass is a strong predictor of the [N] of bio-oil, char, and non-condensable gas with
R
2
values of 0.89, 0.94, and 0.88, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1939-1234</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1242</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12155-012-9240-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Biodiesel fuels ; Biofuels ; Biomass ; Biomass energy ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Carbon ; Catalytic cracking ; Contaminants ; Crop management ; Harvest ; Life Sciences ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Oil pollution ; Organic contaminants ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Plant Ecology ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Plant growth ; Plant Sciences ; Production costs ; Pyrolysis ; Raw materials ; Studies ; Wood Science & Technology</subject><ispartof>Bioenergy research, 2013-03, Vol.6 (1), p.103-113</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Springer</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-d83579a6f0b4eb6d151ea9491cce4abf72b364b8644931337afbf357be487fd43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-d83579a6f0b4eb6d151ea9491cce4abf72b364b8644931337afbf357be487fd43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-012-9240-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12155-012-9240-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Danielle M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalluge, Dustin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rover, Marjorie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heaton, Emily A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Robert C.</creatorcontrib><title>Crop Management Impacts Biofuel Quality: Influence of Switchgrass Harvest Time on Yield, Nitrogen and Ash of Fast Pyrolysis Products</title><title>Bioenergy research</title><addtitle>Bioenerg. Res</addtitle><description>Although upgrading bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is an attractive pathway for biofuel production, nitrogen (N) and mineral matter carried over from the feedstock to the bio-oil represents a serious contaminant in the process. Reducing the N and ash content of biomass feedstocks would improve process reliability and reduce production costs of pyrolytic biofuels. This study investigated: (1) How does switchgrass harvest date influence the yield, N concentration ([N]), and ash concentration of biomass and fast pyrolysis products? and (2) Is there a predictive relationship between [N] of switchgrass biomass and [N] of fast pyrolysis products? Switchgrass from five harvest dates and varying [N] from central Iowa were pyrolyzed using a free-fall reactor. Harvestable biomass peaked in August (8.6 Mg ha
−1
), dropping significantly by November (6.7 Mg ha
−1
,
P
= 0.0027). Production of bio-oil per unit area mirrored that of harvested biomass at each harvest date; however, bio-oil yield per unit dry biomass increased from 46.6 % to 56.7 % during the season (
P
= 0.0018). Allowing switchgrass to senesce lowered biomass [N] dramatically, by as much as 68 % from June to November (
P
< 0.0001). Concurrently, bio-oil [N] declined from 0.51 % in June to 0.17 % by November (
P
< 0.0001). Significant reductions in ash concentration were also observed in biomass and char. Finally, we show for the first time that the [N] of switchgrass biomass is a strong predictor of the [N] of bio-oil, char, and non-condensable gas with
R
2
values of 0.89, 0.94, and 0.88, respectively.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuels</subject><subject>Biofuels</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biomass energy</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Catalytic cracking</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Crop management</subject><subject>Harvest</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Oil pollution</subject><subject>Organic contaminants</subject><subject>Plant Breeding/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Plant Ecology</subject><subject>Plant Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Production costs</subject><subject>Pyrolysis</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Wood Science & 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contaminants</topic><topic>Plant Breeding/Biotechnology</topic><topic>Plant Ecology</topic><topic>Plant Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Production costs</topic><topic>Pyrolysis</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Wood Science & Technology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Danielle M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalluge, Dustin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rover, Marjorie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heaton, Emily A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Robert C.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM 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Dustin L.</au><au>Rover, Marjorie</au><au>Heaton, Emily A.</au><au>Brown, Robert C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Crop Management Impacts Biofuel Quality: Influence of Switchgrass Harvest Time on Yield, Nitrogen and Ash of Fast Pyrolysis Products</atitle><jtitle>Bioenergy research</jtitle><stitle>Bioenerg. Res</stitle><date>2013-03-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>103</spage><epage>113</epage><pages>103-113</pages><issn>1939-1234</issn><eissn>1939-1242</eissn><abstract>Although upgrading bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is an attractive pathway for biofuel production, nitrogen (N) and mineral matter carried over from the feedstock to the bio-oil represents a serious contaminant in the process. Reducing the N and ash content of biomass feedstocks would improve process reliability and reduce production costs of pyrolytic biofuels. This study investigated: (1) How does switchgrass harvest date influence the yield, N concentration ([N]), and ash concentration of biomass and fast pyrolysis products? and (2) Is there a predictive relationship between [N] of switchgrass biomass and [N] of fast pyrolysis products? Switchgrass from five harvest dates and varying [N] from central Iowa were pyrolyzed using a free-fall reactor. Harvestable biomass peaked in August (8.6 Mg ha
−1
), dropping significantly by November (6.7 Mg ha
−1
,
P
= 0.0027). Production of bio-oil per unit area mirrored that of harvested biomass at each harvest date; however, bio-oil yield per unit dry biomass increased from 46.6 % to 56.7 % during the season (
P
= 0.0018). Allowing switchgrass to senesce lowered biomass [N] dramatically, by as much as 68 % from June to November (
P
< 0.0001). Concurrently, bio-oil [N] declined from 0.51 % in June to 0.17 % by November (
P
< 0.0001). Significant reductions in ash concentration were also observed in biomass and char. Finally, we show for the first time that the [N] of switchgrass biomass is a strong predictor of the [N] of bio-oil, char, and non-condensable gas with
R
2
values of 0.89, 0.94, and 0.88, respectively.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s12155-012-9240-0</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1939-1234 1939-1242 |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomass Biomass energy Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Carbon Catalytic cracking Contaminants Crop management Harvest Life Sciences Nitrogen Nutrients Oil pollution Organic contaminants Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Ecology Plant Genetics and Genomics Plant growth Plant Sciences Production costs Pyrolysis Raw materials Studies Wood Science & Technology |
| title | Crop Management Impacts Biofuel Quality: Influence of Switchgrass Harvest Time on Yield, Nitrogen and Ash of Fast Pyrolysis Products |
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