Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Responses in Children with Cerebral Palsy
The objective of this study is to compare the maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by level of motor impairment and in comparison with those of typically developing children (TD). Seventy children with CP, with varying levels of motor impairment (Gros...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2013-03, Vol.45 (3), p.561-568 |
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| creator | BALEMANS, Astrid C. J VAN WELY, Leontien DE HEER, Susan J. A VAN DEN BRINK, Janneke DE KONING, Jos J BECHER, Jules G DALLMEIJER, Annet J |
| description | The objective of this study is to compare the maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by level of motor impairment and in comparison with those of typically developing children (TD).
Seventy children with CP, with varying levels of motor impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I-III), and 31 TD performed an incremental continuous maximal aerobic exercise test and a 20-s anaerobic Wingate test on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak ventilation (V˙Epeak), peak oxygen pulse (peak O2 pulse), peak ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (peak V˙E/V˙O2) and carbon dioxide (peak V˙E/V˙CO2), peak aerobic power output (POpeak), and mean anaerobic power (P20mean) were measured. Isometric leg muscle strength was determined as a secondary outcome.
Analysis revealed a lower V˙O2peak for CP (I: 35.5 ± 1.2 (SE); II: 33.9 ± 1.6; III: 29.3 ± 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared with TD (41.0 ± 1.3, P < 0.001) and a similar effect for AT (I: 19.4 ± 0.9; II: 19.2 ± 1.2; III: 15.5 ± 1.9; TD: 24.1 ± 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P < 0.001). V˙Epeak and peak O2 pulse were also lower, whereas peak V˙E/V˙CO2 was higher in CP compared with TD (P < 0.05) and peak V˙E/V˙O2 similar between groups. All these variables showed no differences for different motor impairment levels. POpeak was lower for CP (I: 2.4 ± 0.1; II: 1.8 ± 0.1; III: 1.4 ± 0.2 W·kg-1) versus TD (3.0 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), together with a lower P20mean in CP (I: 4.6 ± 0.2; II: 3.3 ± 0.2; III: 2.5 ± 0.4 W·kg-1) versus TD (6.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), and both decreased significantly with increasing motor impairment.
Children with CP have decreased aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses, but decreases in respiratory and aerobic exercise responses were not as severe as predicted by motor impairment. Future research should reveal the role of inactivity on the exercise responses of children with CP and possibilities for improvement through training interventions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182732b2f |
| format | Article |
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Seventy children with CP, with varying levels of motor impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I-III), and 31 TD performed an incremental continuous maximal aerobic exercise test and a 20-s anaerobic Wingate test on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak ventilation (V˙Epeak), peak oxygen pulse (peak O2 pulse), peak ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (peak V˙E/V˙O2) and carbon dioxide (peak V˙E/V˙CO2), peak aerobic power output (POpeak), and mean anaerobic power (P20mean) were measured. Isometric leg muscle strength was determined as a secondary outcome.
Analysis revealed a lower V˙O2peak for CP (I: 35.5 ± 1.2 (SE); II: 33.9 ± 1.6; III: 29.3 ± 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared with TD (41.0 ± 1.3, P < 0.001) and a similar effect for AT (I: 19.4 ± 0.9; II: 19.2 ± 1.2; III: 15.5 ± 1.9; TD: 24.1 ± 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P < 0.001). V˙Epeak and peak O2 pulse were also lower, whereas peak V˙E/V˙CO2 was higher in CP compared with TD (P < 0.05) and peak V˙E/V˙O2 similar between groups. All these variables showed no differences for different motor impairment levels. POpeak was lower for CP (I: 2.4 ± 0.1; II: 1.8 ± 0.1; III: 1.4 ± 0.2 W·kg-1) versus TD (3.0 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), together with a lower P20mean in CP (I: 4.6 ± 0.2; II: 3.3 ± 0.2; III: 2.5 ± 0.4 W·kg-1) versus TD (6.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), and both decreased significantly with increasing motor impairment.
Children with CP have decreased aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses, but decreases in respiratory and aerobic exercise responses were not as severe as predicted by motor impairment. Future research should reveal the role of inactivity on the exercise responses of children with CP and possibilities for improvement through training interventions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-9131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182732b2f</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23034639</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MSPEDA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Anaerobic Threshold ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Palsy - physiopathology ; Child ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mobility Limitation ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Fitness ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Severity of Illness Index ; Space life sciences ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><ispartof>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2013-03, Vol.45 (3), p.561-568</ispartof><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-bb1fa844e4f0e0e5fb0567806dec1650bddaf7ad63cd9c93d82ca6164faffadc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-bb1fa844e4f0e0e5fb0567806dec1650bddaf7ad63cd9c93d82ca6164faffadc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27109736$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034639$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>BALEMANS, Astrid C. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN WELY, Leontien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DE HEER, Susan J. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN DEN BRINK, Janneke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DE KONING, Jos J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BECHER, Jules G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DALLMEIJER, Annet J</creatorcontrib><title>Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Responses in Children with Cerebral Palsy</title><title>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</title><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><description>The objective of this study is to compare the maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by level of motor impairment and in comparison with those of typically developing children (TD).
Seventy children with CP, with varying levels of motor impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I-III), and 31 TD performed an incremental continuous maximal aerobic exercise test and a 20-s anaerobic Wingate test on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak ventilation (V˙Epeak), peak oxygen pulse (peak O2 pulse), peak ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (peak V˙E/V˙O2) and carbon dioxide (peak V˙E/V˙CO2), peak aerobic power output (POpeak), and mean anaerobic power (P20mean) were measured. Isometric leg muscle strength was determined as a secondary outcome.
Analysis revealed a lower V˙O2peak for CP (I: 35.5 ± 1.2 (SE); II: 33.9 ± 1.6; III: 29.3 ± 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared with TD (41.0 ± 1.3, P < 0.001) and a similar effect for AT (I: 19.4 ± 0.9; II: 19.2 ± 1.2; III: 15.5 ± 1.9; TD: 24.1 ± 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P < 0.001). V˙Epeak and peak O2 pulse were also lower, whereas peak V˙E/V˙CO2 was higher in CP compared with TD (P < 0.05) and peak V˙E/V˙O2 similar between groups. All these variables showed no differences for different motor impairment levels. POpeak was lower for CP (I: 2.4 ± 0.1; II: 1.8 ± 0.1; III: 1.4 ± 0.2 W·kg-1) versus TD (3.0 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), together with a lower P20mean in CP (I: 4.6 ± 0.2; II: 3.3 ± 0.2; III: 2.5 ± 0.4 W·kg-1) versus TD (6.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), and both decreased significantly with increasing motor impairment.
Children with CP have decreased aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses, but decreases in respiratory and aerobic exercise responses were not as severe as predicted by motor impairment. Future research should reveal the role of inactivity on the exercise responses of children with CP and possibilities for improvement through training interventions.</description><subject>Anaerobic Threshold</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cerebral Palsy - physiopathology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mobility Limitation</subject><subject>Muscle Strength</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption</subject><subject>Physical Fitness</subject><subject>Pulmonary Gas Exchange</subject><subject>Pulmonary Ventilation</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><issn>0195-9131</issn><issn>1530-0315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkMtKA0EQRRtRTIz-gchsBDej1VM9r2UI8QEJBqProR_VZGQyE7sTTP7elkQFV5eCU1Xcw9glh1ueiPJuOp_fggKOhLxIckxUYo9Yn6cIMSBPj1kfeJnGJUfeY2fevwNAjshPWS9BQJFh2WezqdzWS9lEQ3KdqnUkWxMNW3mYxltyuvYUvZBfda0nH9VtNFrUjXHURp_1ehGNyJFy4cRMNn53zk5sSLo45IC93Y9fR4_x5PnhaTScxBoLXMdKcSsLIUhYIKDUKkizvIDMkOZZCsoYaXNpMtSm1CWaItEy45mw0lppNA7Yzf7uynUfG_Lrall7TU0jW-o2vgqtE54nAkRAxR7VrvPeka1WLnR2u4pD9e2yCi6r_y7D2tXhw0Ytyfwu_cgLwPUBkF7LxjrZBld_XM6hzDHDL7rGfmY</recordid><startdate>20130301</startdate><enddate>20130301</enddate><creator>BALEMANS, Astrid C. J</creator><creator>VAN WELY, Leontien</creator><creator>DE HEER, Susan J. A</creator><creator>VAN DEN BRINK, Janneke</creator><creator>DE KONING, Jos J</creator><creator>BECHER, Jules G</creator><creator>DALLMEIJER, Annet J</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130301</creationdate><title>Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Responses in Children with Cerebral Palsy</title><author>BALEMANS, Astrid C. J ; VAN WELY, Leontien ; DE HEER, Susan J. A ; VAN DEN BRINK, Janneke ; DE KONING, Jos J ; BECHER, Jules G ; DALLMEIJER, Annet J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-bb1fa844e4f0e0e5fb0567806dec1650bddaf7ad63cd9c93d82ca6164faffadc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Anaerobic Threshold</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cerebral Palsy - physiopathology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mobility Limitation</topic><topic>Muscle Strength</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption</topic><topic>Physical Fitness</topic><topic>Pulmonary Gas Exchange</topic><topic>Pulmonary Ventilation</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>BALEMANS, Astrid C. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN WELY, Leontien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DE HEER, Susan J. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN DEN BRINK, Janneke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DE KONING, Jos J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BECHER, Jules G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DALLMEIJER, Annet J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>BALEMANS, Astrid C. J</au><au>VAN WELY, Leontien</au><au>DE HEER, Susan J. A</au><au>VAN DEN BRINK, Janneke</au><au>DE KONING, Jos J</au><au>BECHER, Jules G</au><au>DALLMEIJER, Annet J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Responses in Children with Cerebral Palsy</atitle><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><date>2013-03-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>561</spage><epage>568</epage><pages>561-568</pages><issn>0195-9131</issn><eissn>1530-0315</eissn><coden>MSPEDA</coden><abstract>The objective of this study is to compare the maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by level of motor impairment and in comparison with those of typically developing children (TD).
Seventy children with CP, with varying levels of motor impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I-III), and 31 TD performed an incremental continuous maximal aerobic exercise test and a 20-s anaerobic Wingate test on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak ventilation (V˙Epeak), peak oxygen pulse (peak O2 pulse), peak ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (peak V˙E/V˙O2) and carbon dioxide (peak V˙E/V˙CO2), peak aerobic power output (POpeak), and mean anaerobic power (P20mean) were measured. Isometric leg muscle strength was determined as a secondary outcome.
Analysis revealed a lower V˙O2peak for CP (I: 35.5 ± 1.2 (SE); II: 33.9 ± 1.6; III: 29.3 ± 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared with TD (41.0 ± 1.3, P < 0.001) and a similar effect for AT (I: 19.4 ± 0.9; II: 19.2 ± 1.2; III: 15.5 ± 1.9; TD: 24.1 ± 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P < 0.001). V˙Epeak and peak O2 pulse were also lower, whereas peak V˙E/V˙CO2 was higher in CP compared with TD (P < 0.05) and peak V˙E/V˙O2 similar between groups. All these variables showed no differences for different motor impairment levels. POpeak was lower for CP (I: 2.4 ± 0.1; II: 1.8 ± 0.1; III: 1.4 ± 0.2 W·kg-1) versus TD (3.0 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), together with a lower P20mean in CP (I: 4.6 ± 0.2; II: 3.3 ± 0.2; III: 2.5 ± 0.4 W·kg-1) versus TD (6.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), and both decreased significantly with increasing motor impairment.
Children with CP have decreased aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses, but decreases in respiratory and aerobic exercise responses were not as severe as predicted by motor impairment. Future research should reveal the role of inactivity on the exercise responses of children with CP and possibilities for improvement through training interventions.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>23034639</pmid><doi>10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182732b2f</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2013-03, Vol.45 (3), p.561-568 |
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| subjects | Anaerobic Threshold Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Cerebral Palsy - physiopathology Child Exercise Test Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy Humans Male Medical sciences Mobility Limitation Muscle Strength Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Oxygen Consumption Physical Fitness Pulmonary Gas Exchange Pulmonary Ventilation Severity of Illness Index Space life sciences Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports |
| title | Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Responses in Children with Cerebral Palsy |
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