Comparative Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids on Key Enzymes Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Pro-oxidant Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats’ Brain-In Vitro
This study sought to investigate and compare the interaction of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and some pro-oxidants (FeSO 4 , sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid) induced oxidative stress in rat brain in vitro. The result reve...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Neurochemical research 2013-02, Vol.38 (2), p.413-419 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 419 |
---|---|
container_issue | 2 |
container_start_page | 413 |
container_title | Neurochemical research |
container_volume | 38 |
creator | Oboh, Ganiyu Agunloye, Odunayo M. Akinyemi, Ayodele J. Ademiluyi, Adedayo O. Adefegha, Stephen A. |
description | This study sought to investigate and compare the interaction of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and some pro-oxidants (FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid) induced oxidative stress in rat brain in vitro. The result revealed that caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited AChE and BChE activities in dose-dependent manner; however, caffeic acid had a higher inhibitory effect on AChE and BChE activities than chlorogenic acid. Combination of the phenolic acids inhibited AChE and BChE activities antagonistically. Furthermore, pro-oxidants such as, FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid caused increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain which was significantly decreased dose-dependently by the phenolic acids. Inhibition of AChE and BChE activities slows down acetylcholine and butyrylcholine breakdown in the brain. Therefore, one possible mechanism through which the phenolic acids exert their neuroprotective properties is by inhibiting AChE and BChE activities as well as preventing oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. However, esterification of caffeic acid with quinic acid producing chlorogenic acid affects these neuroprotective properties. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11064-012-0935-6 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1291609314</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1291609314</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-d33363bbe7d089b70bc20b95144d774ab76ca1afa998c5f2937d1318a6a5d0de3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNks-O0zAQxi0EYruFB-CCLHHhEvCfJE6OJSxLRaVFLHCNHHuy9ZLYxXYQ3ROvwevwKDwJDi0IISFxskfz-74ZewahB5Q8oYSIp4FSUuYZoSwjNS-y8hZa0ELwrKwJv40WhKcspzU5QachXBOSVIzeRSeM0yqnVbVA3xo37qSX0XwCfBknvcfO4rgFvLZb05no_B6f9T2oiF2PG5muRmFpNW62g_PuCmyKV8roMCtfQcLtzX6EgDfGfgCNo8Or4WYLZgT__cvXgJ-bADLAT5NLNwJ-7V3mPhstbUxl9aSS6mKOj115CAEbi9_IGJIDfualsdna4vcmencP3enlEOD-8Vyidy_O3jYvs83F-bpZbTKVCxozzTkvedeB0KSqO0E6xUhXFzTPtRC57ESpJJW9rOtKFT2rudA0_ZMsZaGJBr5Ejw--O-8-ThBiO5qgYBikBTeFlrKalmkONP8PVPCCsCI1tESP_kKv3eRteshMEZ4LzmaKHijlXQge-nbnzSj9vqWknXehPexCm3ahnXehnTUPj85TN4L-rfg1_ASwAxBSyl6B_6P0P11_AK1gwYU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1270347326</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparative Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids on Key Enzymes Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Pro-oxidant Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats’ Brain-In Vitro</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Oboh, Ganiyu ; Agunloye, Odunayo M. ; Akinyemi, Ayodele J. ; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O. ; Adefegha, Stephen A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Oboh, Ganiyu ; Agunloye, Odunayo M. ; Akinyemi, Ayodele J. ; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O. ; Adefegha, Stephen A.</creatorcontrib><description>This study sought to investigate and compare the interaction of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and some pro-oxidants (FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid) induced oxidative stress in rat brain in vitro. The result revealed that caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited AChE and BChE activities in dose-dependent manner; however, caffeic acid had a higher inhibitory effect on AChE and BChE activities than chlorogenic acid. Combination of the phenolic acids inhibited AChE and BChE activities antagonistically. Furthermore, pro-oxidants such as, FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid caused increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain which was significantly decreased dose-dependently by the phenolic acids. Inhibition of AChE and BChE activities slows down acetylcholine and butyrylcholine breakdown in the brain. Therefore, one possible mechanism through which the phenolic acids exert their neuroprotective properties is by inhibiting AChE and BChE activities as well as preventing oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. However, esterification of caffeic acid with quinic acid producing chlorogenic acid affects these neuroprotective properties.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-3190</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6903</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0935-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23184188</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Acetylcholine ; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy ; Alzheimer Disease - enzymology ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brain - drug effects ; Brain - enzymology ; Butyrylcholinesterase - metabolism ; Caffeic Acids - chemistry ; Caffeic Acids - pharmacology ; Caffeic Acids - therapeutic use ; Cell Biology ; Chlorogenic Acid - chemistry ; Chlorogenic Acid - pharmacology ; Chlorogenic Acid - therapeutic use ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Male ; Neurochemistry ; Neurology ; Neurosciences ; Original Paper ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Oxidative Stress - physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Neurochemical research, 2013-02, Vol.38 (2), p.413-419</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-d33363bbe7d089b70bc20b95144d774ab76ca1afa998c5f2937d1318a6a5d0de3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-d33363bbe7d089b70bc20b95144d774ab76ca1afa998c5f2937d1318a6a5d0de3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11064-012-0935-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11064-012-0935-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184188$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oboh, Ganiyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agunloye, Odunayo M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akinyemi, Ayodele J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ademiluyi, Adedayo O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adefegha, Stephen A.</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids on Key Enzymes Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Pro-oxidant Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats’ Brain-In Vitro</title><title>Neurochemical research</title><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><description>This study sought to investigate and compare the interaction of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and some pro-oxidants (FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid) induced oxidative stress in rat brain in vitro. The result revealed that caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited AChE and BChE activities in dose-dependent manner; however, caffeic acid had a higher inhibitory effect on AChE and BChE activities than chlorogenic acid. Combination of the phenolic acids inhibited AChE and BChE activities antagonistically. Furthermore, pro-oxidants such as, FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid caused increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain which was significantly decreased dose-dependently by the phenolic acids. Inhibition of AChE and BChE activities slows down acetylcholine and butyrylcholine breakdown in the brain. Therefore, one possible mechanism through which the phenolic acids exert their neuroprotective properties is by inhibiting AChE and BChE activities as well as preventing oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. However, esterification of caffeic acid with quinic acid producing chlorogenic acid affects these neuroprotective properties.</description><subject>Acetylcholine</subject><subject>Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - enzymology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Brain - drug effects</subject><subject>Brain - enzymology</subject><subject>Butyrylcholinesterase - metabolism</subject><subject>Caffeic Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Caffeic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Caffeic Acids - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Chlorogenic Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Chlorogenic Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chlorogenic Acid - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - physiology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><issn>0364-3190</issn><issn>1573-6903</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks-O0zAQxi0EYruFB-CCLHHhEvCfJE6OJSxLRaVFLHCNHHuy9ZLYxXYQ3ROvwevwKDwJDi0IISFxskfz-74ZewahB5Q8oYSIp4FSUuYZoSwjNS-y8hZa0ELwrKwJv40WhKcspzU5QachXBOSVIzeRSeM0yqnVbVA3xo37qSX0XwCfBknvcfO4rgFvLZb05no_B6f9T2oiF2PG5muRmFpNW62g_PuCmyKV8roMCtfQcLtzX6EgDfGfgCNo8Or4WYLZgT__cvXgJ-bADLAT5NLNwJ-7V3mPhstbUxl9aSS6mKOj115CAEbi9_IGJIDfualsdna4vcmencP3enlEOD-8Vyidy_O3jYvs83F-bpZbTKVCxozzTkvedeB0KSqO0E6xUhXFzTPtRC57ESpJJW9rOtKFT2rudA0_ZMsZaGJBr5Ejw--O-8-ThBiO5qgYBikBTeFlrKalmkONP8PVPCCsCI1tESP_kKv3eRteshMEZ4LzmaKHijlXQge-nbnzSj9vqWknXehPexCm3ahnXehnTUPj85TN4L-rfg1_ASwAxBSyl6B_6P0P11_AK1gwYU</recordid><startdate>20130201</startdate><enddate>20130201</enddate><creator>Oboh, Ganiyu</creator><creator>Agunloye, Odunayo M.</creator><creator>Akinyemi, Ayodele J.</creator><creator>Ademiluyi, Adedayo O.</creator><creator>Adefegha, Stephen A.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130201</creationdate><title>Comparative Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids on Key Enzymes Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Pro-oxidant Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats’ Brain-In Vitro</title><author>Oboh, Ganiyu ; Agunloye, Odunayo M. ; Akinyemi, Ayodele J. ; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O. ; Adefegha, Stephen A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-d33363bbe7d089b70bc20b95144d774ab76ca1afa998c5f2937d1318a6a5d0de3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Acetylcholine</topic><topic>Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - enzymology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Brain - drug effects</topic><topic>Brain - enzymology</topic><topic>Butyrylcholinesterase - metabolism</topic><topic>Caffeic Acids - chemistry</topic><topic>Caffeic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Caffeic Acids - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Chlorogenic Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Chlorogenic Acid - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chlorogenic Acid - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - physiology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oboh, Ganiyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agunloye, Odunayo M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akinyemi, Ayodele J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ademiluyi, Adedayo O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adefegha, Stephen A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neurochemical research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oboh, Ganiyu</au><au>Agunloye, Odunayo M.</au><au>Akinyemi, Ayodele J.</au><au>Ademiluyi, Adedayo O.</au><au>Adefegha, Stephen A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids on Key Enzymes Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Pro-oxidant Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats’ Brain-In Vitro</atitle><jtitle>Neurochemical research</jtitle><stitle>Neurochem Res</stitle><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><date>2013-02-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>413</spage><epage>419</epage><pages>413-419</pages><issn>0364-3190</issn><eissn>1573-6903</eissn><abstract>This study sought to investigate and compare the interaction of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and some pro-oxidants (FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid) induced oxidative stress in rat brain in vitro. The result revealed that caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited AChE and BChE activities in dose-dependent manner; however, caffeic acid had a higher inhibitory effect on AChE and BChE activities than chlorogenic acid. Combination of the phenolic acids inhibited AChE and BChE activities antagonistically. Furthermore, pro-oxidants such as, FeSO
4
, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid caused increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain which was significantly decreased dose-dependently by the phenolic acids. Inhibition of AChE and BChE activities slows down acetylcholine and butyrylcholine breakdown in the brain. Therefore, one possible mechanism through which the phenolic acids exert their neuroprotective properties is by inhibiting AChE and BChE activities as well as preventing oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. However, esterification of caffeic acid with quinic acid producing chlorogenic acid affects these neuroprotective properties.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>23184188</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11064-012-0935-6</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0364-3190 |
ispartof | Neurochemical research, 2013-02, Vol.38 (2), p.413-419 |
issn | 0364-3190 1573-6903 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1291609314 |
source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
subjects | Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy Alzheimer Disease - enzymology Animals Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain - drug effects Brain - enzymology Butyrylcholinesterase - metabolism Caffeic Acids - chemistry Caffeic Acids - pharmacology Caffeic Acids - therapeutic use Cell Biology Chlorogenic Acid - chemistry Chlorogenic Acid - pharmacology Chlorogenic Acid - therapeutic use Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology Cholinesterase Inhibitors - therapeutic use Male Neurochemistry Neurology Neurosciences Original Paper Oxidative Stress - drug effects Oxidative Stress - physiology Rats Rats, Wistar Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism |
title | Comparative Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids on Key Enzymes Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Pro-oxidant Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats’ Brain-In Vitro |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T11%3A44%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparative%20Study%20on%20the%20Inhibitory%20Effect%20of%20Caffeic%20and%20Chlorogenic%20Acids%20on%20Key%20Enzymes%20Linked%20to%20Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20Disease%20and%20Some%20Pro-oxidant%20Induced%20Oxidative%20Stress%20in%20Rats%E2%80%99%20Brain-In%20Vitro&rft.jtitle=Neurochemical%20research&rft.au=Oboh,%20Ganiyu&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=413&rft.epage=419&rft.pages=413-419&rft.issn=0364-3190&rft.eissn=1573-6903&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11064-012-0935-6&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1291609314%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1270347326&rft_id=info:pmid/23184188&rfr_iscdi=true |