An urgent need to scale-up injecting drug harm reduction services in Tanzania: Prevalence of blood-borne viruses among drug users in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, 2011
Abstract Background Injecting drug use (IDU) is a growing concern in Tanzania compounded by reports of high-risk injecting and sexual risk behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID). These behaviours have implications for transmission of blood-borne viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C (HCV)....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The International journal of drug policy 2013-01, Vol.24 (1), p.78-81 |
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| container_title | The International journal of drug policy |
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| creator | Bowring, Anna L Luhmann, Niklas Pont, Sandrine Debaulieu, Céline Derozier, Stéphanie Asouab, Fatima Toufik, Abdalla van Gemert, Caroline Dietze, Paul Stoove, Mark |
| description | Abstract Background Injecting drug use (IDU) is a growing concern in Tanzania compounded by reports of high-risk injecting and sexual risk behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID). These behaviours have implications for transmission of blood-borne viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C (HCV). Methods We recruited 267 PWID (87% male) from Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam through snowball and targeted sampling. A behavioural survey was administered alongside repeated rapid HIV and HCV antibody testing. HIV and HCV prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Among PWID, 34.8% (95%CI 29.1–40.9) tested HIV positive (29.9% of males and 66.7% of females); 27.7% (95%CI 22.0–34.0) tested HCV antibody positive. Almost all (97%) participants were aware of HIV and 34% of HCV. 45% of male and 64% of female PWID reported a previous HIV test; only five (2%) PWID reported a previous HCV test. Of HIV and HCV positive tests, 73% and 99%, respectively, represented newly diagnosed infections. Conclusion High prevalence of HIV and HCV were detected in this population of PWID. Rapid scale-up of targeted primary prevention and testing and treatment services for PWID in Tanzania is needed to prevent further transmission and consequent morbidities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.08.005 |
| format | Article |
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These behaviours have implications for transmission of blood-borne viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C (HCV). Methods We recruited 267 PWID (87% male) from Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam through snowball and targeted sampling. A behavioural survey was administered alongside repeated rapid HIV and HCV antibody testing. HIV and HCV prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Among PWID, 34.8% (95%CI 29.1–40.9) tested HIV positive (29.9% of males and 66.7% of females); 27.7% (95%CI 22.0–34.0) tested HCV antibody positive. Almost all (97%) participants were aware of HIV and 34% of HCV. 45% of male and 64% of female PWID reported a previous HIV test; only five (2%) PWID reported a previous HCV test. Of HIV and HCV positive tests, 73% and 99%, respectively, represented newly diagnosed infections. Conclusion High prevalence of HIV and HCV were detected in this population of PWID. Rapid scale-up of targeted primary prevention and testing and treatment services for PWID in Tanzania is needed to prevent further transmission and consequent morbidities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0955-3959</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-4758</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.08.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23036650</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Blood-borne virus ; Coinfection ; Disease transmission ; Drug policy ; Drug use ; Drug users ; Drug Users - psychology ; Drug Users - statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Harm Reduction ; HCV ; Health Behavior ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health promotion ; Health Services Needs and Demand - statistics & numerical data ; Health Surveys ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis C - diagnosis ; Hepatitis C - epidemiology ; Hepatitis C - prevention & control ; Hepatitis C - transmission ; HIV ; HIV Infections - diagnosis ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - prevention & control ; HIV Infections - transmission ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Injecting drug use ; Injections ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medical Education ; Prevalence ; Prevention ; Primary Prevention - statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Sampling ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tanzania ; Tanzania - epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>The International journal of drug policy, 2013-01, Vol.24 (1), p.78-81</ispartof><rights>Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2012 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jan 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-9bbb576deeafbac9da29137c6e73998a6de8bfa2027e44f47519b526764b1e453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-9bbb576deeafbac9da29137c6e73998a6de8bfa2027e44f47519b526764b1e453</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.08.005$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,3551,27868,27926,27927,31001,45997</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036650$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bowring, Anna L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luhmann, Niklas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pont, Sandrine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debaulieu, Céline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derozier, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asouab, Fatima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toufik, Abdalla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Gemert, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietze, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stoove, Mark</creatorcontrib><title>An urgent need to scale-up injecting drug harm reduction services in Tanzania: Prevalence of blood-borne viruses among drug users in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, 2011</title><title>The International journal of drug policy</title><addtitle>Int J Drug Policy</addtitle><description>Abstract Background Injecting drug use (IDU) is a growing concern in Tanzania compounded by reports of high-risk injecting and sexual risk behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID). These behaviours have implications for transmission of blood-borne viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C (HCV). Methods We recruited 267 PWID (87% male) from Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam through snowball and targeted sampling. A behavioural survey was administered alongside repeated rapid HIV and HCV antibody testing. HIV and HCV prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Among PWID, 34.8% (95%CI 29.1–40.9) tested HIV positive (29.9% of males and 66.7% of females); 27.7% (95%CI 22.0–34.0) tested HCV antibody positive. Almost all (97%) participants were aware of HIV and 34% of HCV. 45% of male and 64% of female PWID reported a previous HIV test; only five (2%) PWID reported a previous HCV test. Of HIV and HCV positive tests, 73% and 99%, respectively, represented newly diagnosed infections. Conclusion High prevalence of HIV and HCV were detected in this population of PWID. Rapid scale-up of targeted primary prevention and testing and treatment services for PWID in Tanzania is needed to prevent further transmission and consequent morbidities.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Blood-borne virus</subject><subject>Coinfection</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Drug policy</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Drug users</subject><subject>Drug Users - psychology</subject><subject>Drug Users - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Harm Reduction</subject><subject>HCV</subject><subject>Health Behavior</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Health promotion</subject><subject>Health Services Needs and Demand - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - diagnosis</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - prevention & control</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - transmission</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>HIV Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injecting drug use</subject><subject>Injections</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Education</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Primary Prevention - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Tanzania</subject><subject>Tanzania - epidemiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0955-3959</issn><issn>1873-4758</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhSMEokPhDRCyxIZFE_wTJzYLpKrlT6oEUsvasp2bwdPEntrJSOWNeEscpQWpG_DGsv2dc3V9blG8JLgimDRvd1UX5-0-VBQTWmFRYcwfFRsiWlbWLRePiw2WnJdMcnlUPEtphzGuSU2eFkeUYdY0HG-KX6cezXELfkIeoENTQMnqAcp5j5zfgZ2c36KlEvqh44gidHO-Cx4liAdnIWUMXWn_U3un36FvEQ5Z7i2g0CMzhNCVJkQP6ODinDKux3DvmM9x1cMI14DOXZqis9MJOtexhFRe6kHr8QTlFsnz4kmvhwQv7vbj4vvHD1dnn8uLr5--nJ1elLZuxVRKYwxvmw5A90Zb2WkqCWttAy2TUuj8IkyvKaYt1HWff4pIw2nTNrUhUHN2XLxZffcx3MyQJjW6ZGEYtIcwJ0WoEFLImjf_gbasxTSvjL5-gO7CHH1uZKGwaDghS-16pWwMKUXo1T66UcdbRbBaUlc7taaultQVFiqnnmWv7sxnM0L3R3QfcwberwDkjzs4iCpZt4TUuZgjVl1w_6rw0MAOzrs8KddwC-lvLypljbpcJm8ZPEJxdqGM_QZtaNUA</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Bowring, Anna L</creator><creator>Luhmann, Niklas</creator><creator>Pont, Sandrine</creator><creator>Debaulieu, Céline</creator><creator>Derozier, Stéphanie</creator><creator>Asouab, Fatima</creator><creator>Toufik, Abdalla</creator><creator>van Gemert, Caroline</creator><creator>Dietze, Paul</creator><creator>Stoove, Mark</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>An urgent need to scale-up injecting drug harm reduction services in Tanzania: Prevalence of blood-borne viruses among drug users in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, 2011</title><author>Bowring, Anna L ; Luhmann, Niklas ; Pont, Sandrine ; Debaulieu, Céline ; Derozier, Stéphanie ; Asouab, Fatima ; Toufik, Abdalla ; van Gemert, Caroline ; Dietze, Paul ; Stoove, Mark</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-9bbb576deeafbac9da29137c6e73998a6de8bfa2027e44f47519b526764b1e453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Blood-borne virus</topic><topic>Coinfection</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Drug policy</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>Drug users</topic><topic>Drug Users - psychology</topic><topic>Drug Users - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Harm Reduction</topic><topic>HCV</topic><topic>Health Behavior</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>Health promotion</topic><topic>Health Services Needs and Demand - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - prevention & control</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - transmission</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>HIV Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injecting drug use</topic><topic>Injections</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Education</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Primary Prevention - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Tanzania</topic><topic>Tanzania - epidemiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bowring, Anna L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luhmann, Niklas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pont, Sandrine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debaulieu, Céline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derozier, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asouab, Fatima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toufik, Abdalla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Gemert, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietze, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stoove, Mark</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The International journal of drug policy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bowring, Anna L</au><au>Luhmann, Niklas</au><au>Pont, Sandrine</au><au>Debaulieu, Céline</au><au>Derozier, Stéphanie</au><au>Asouab, Fatima</au><au>Toufik, Abdalla</au><au>van Gemert, Caroline</au><au>Dietze, Paul</au><au>Stoove, Mark</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An urgent need to scale-up injecting drug harm reduction services in Tanzania: Prevalence of blood-borne viruses among drug users in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, 2011</atitle><jtitle>The International journal of drug policy</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Drug Policy</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>78</spage><epage>81</epage><pages>78-81</pages><issn>0955-3959</issn><eissn>1873-4758</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background Injecting drug use (IDU) is a growing concern in Tanzania compounded by reports of high-risk injecting and sexual risk behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID). These behaviours have implications for transmission of blood-borne viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C (HCV). Methods We recruited 267 PWID (87% male) from Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam through snowball and targeted sampling. A behavioural survey was administered alongside repeated rapid HIV and HCV antibody testing. HIV and HCV prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Among PWID, 34.8% (95%CI 29.1–40.9) tested HIV positive (29.9% of males and 66.7% of females); 27.7% (95%CI 22.0–34.0) tested HCV antibody positive. Almost all (97%) participants were aware of HIV and 34% of HCV. 45% of male and 64% of female PWID reported a previous HIV test; only five (2%) PWID reported a previous HCV test. Of HIV and HCV positive tests, 73% and 99%, respectively, represented newly diagnosed infections. Conclusion High prevalence of HIV and HCV were detected in this population of PWID. Rapid scale-up of targeted primary prevention and testing and treatment services for PWID in Tanzania is needed to prevent further transmission and consequent morbidities.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>23036650</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.08.005</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Blood-borne virus Coinfection Disease transmission Drug policy Drug use Drug users Drug Users - psychology Drug Users - statistics & numerical data Epidemiology Female Harm Reduction HCV Health Behavior Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health promotion Health Services Needs and Demand - statistics & numerical data Health Surveys Hepatitis Hepatitis C - diagnosis Hepatitis C - epidemiology Hepatitis C - prevention & control Hepatitis C - transmission HIV HIV Infections - diagnosis HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - transmission Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Injecting drug use Injections Internal Medicine Male Medical Education Prevalence Prevention Primary Prevention - statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Sampling Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology Surveys and Questionnaires Tanzania Tanzania - epidemiology Time Factors Young Adult |
| title | An urgent need to scale-up injecting drug harm reduction services in Tanzania: Prevalence of blood-borne viruses among drug users in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, 2011 |
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