The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in India: no obvious signs of long-term success
In India, the eastern state of Bihar is particularly badly affected by visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It was in Bihar in the 1980s that the first clear signs of resistance to pentavalent antimonials, which had then been the standard antileishmanial treatment for several decades, were observed. New dru...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012-12, Vol.106 (12), p.770-772 |
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| container_title | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
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| creator | Muniaraj, Mayilsamy Paramasivan, Rajaiah Mariappan, Thirupathi Arunachalam, Natarajan Sinha, Prabhat Kumar |
| description | In India, the eastern state of Bihar is particularly badly affected by visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It was in Bihar in the 1980s that the first clear signs of resistance to pentavalent antimonials, which had then been the standard antileishmanial treatment for several decades, were observed. New drugs and new formulations of old drugs have since been developed for the treatment of VL. However, despite some initial signs of benefit after each major revision in the method of treatment of VL in India, the VL-related case fatality rates recorded in India since the 1970s show no clear evidence of long-term success. In fact, the most recent data indicate that such rates have stabilised or even increased, probably because of the continued usage of sodium stibogluconate in northern Bihar. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.08.010 |
| format | Article |
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It was in Bihar in the 1980s that the first clear signs of resistance to pentavalent antimonials, which had then been the standard antileishmanial treatment for several decades, were observed. New drugs and new formulations of old drugs have since been developed for the treatment of VL. However, despite some initial signs of benefit after each major revision in the method of treatment of VL in India, the VL-related case fatality rates recorded in India since the 1970s show no clear evidence of long-term success. 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It was in Bihar in the 1980s that the first clear signs of resistance to pentavalent antimonials, which had then been the standard antileishmanial treatment for several decades, were observed. New drugs and new formulations of old drugs have since been developed for the treatment of VL. However, despite some initial signs of benefit after each major revision in the method of treatment of VL in India, the VL-related case fatality rates recorded in India since the 1970s show no clear evidence of long-term success. In fact, the most recent data indicate that such rates have stabilised or even increased, probably because of the continued usage of sodium stibogluconate in northern Bihar.</description><subject>Antimony Sodium Gluconate - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antiprotozoal Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Drug Resistance</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Human protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>India - epidemiology</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Kala-azar</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - drug therapy</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - mortality</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - prevention & control</subject><subject>Leshmaniasis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mortality - trends</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Treatment</subject><subject>Treatment Failure</subject><subject>Visceral</subject><issn>0035-9203</issn><issn>1878-3503</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9v1DAQxS0EosvCN0DIF6RySGondmxzqIQq_lSqxKWcLa8z6XpJnMXjrASfnkRZ4AacfJjfe88zj5CXnJWc8ebqUOaEediXFeNVyXTJOHtENlwrXdSS1Y_JhrFaFqZi9QV5hnhgrJJcmqfkoqo5q3SjN8Tf74HmBC4PEDMdO3oK6CG5nvYQcD-4GBwGpJdfXe8K98OlNzREehvb4N7SONJxdwrjhBTDQ8TFoB_jQ5EhDRQn7wHxOXnSuR7hxfndki8f3t_ffCruPn-8vXl3V3jRyFwYP2_ABTTGe2ka1QqmvAAtTe10awAcd0wJqbRUXVfNE3DC1GonddfVDOotuVx9j2n8NgFmOyy79L2LMP_Q8kpLZpQSzb9RbpTQjZz9t0SsqE8jYoLOHlMYXPpuObNLE_Zg1ybs0oRl2s57zLJX54RpN0D7W_Tr9DPw-gw49K7vkos-4B-uabQQfMm_WrlxOv5v9PWqgPnYpwDJog8QPbQhgc-2HcPfDX4Cubq3hg</recordid><startdate>20121201</startdate><enddate>20121201</enddate><creator>Muniaraj, Mayilsamy</creator><creator>Paramasivan, Rajaiah</creator><creator>Mariappan, Thirupathi</creator><creator>Arunachalam, Natarajan</creator><creator>Sinha, Prabhat Kumar</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121201</creationdate><title>The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in India: no obvious signs of long-term success</title><author>Muniaraj, Mayilsamy ; 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It was in Bihar in the 1980s that the first clear signs of resistance to pentavalent antimonials, which had then been the standard antileishmanial treatment for several decades, were observed. New drugs and new formulations of old drugs have since been developed for the treatment of VL. However, despite some initial signs of benefit after each major revision in the method of treatment of VL in India, the VL-related case fatality rates recorded in India since the 1970s show no clear evidence of long-term success. In fact, the most recent data indicate that such rates have stabilised or even increased, probably because of the continued usage of sodium stibogluconate in northern Bihar.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>23102868</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.08.010</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012-12, Vol.106 (12), p.770-772 |
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| subjects | Antimony Sodium Gluconate - therapeutic use Antiprotozoal Agents - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Drug Resistance General aspects Human protozoal diseases Humans India India - epidemiology Infectious diseases Kala-azar Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis, Visceral - drug therapy Leishmaniasis, Visceral - mortality Leishmaniasis, Visceral - prevention & control Leshmaniasis Medical sciences Mortality Mortality - trends Parasitic diseases Protozoal diseases Treatment Treatment Failure Visceral |
| title | The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in India: no obvious signs of long-term success |
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