Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid-Related Death, Utah, 2008-2009
Objective Utah prescription opioid death rates increased nearly fivefold during 2000–2009. Inadequate understanding of risk factors hinders prevention. The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for prescription opioid death in Utah. Design Case‐control study. Cases were 254 Utah decedents...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) Mass.), 2012-12, Vol.13 (12), p.1580-1589 |
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| container_title | Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) |
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| creator | Lanier, William A. Johnson, Erin M. Rolfs, Robert T. Friedrichs, Michael D. Grey, Todd C. |
| description | Objective
Utah prescription opioid death rates increased nearly fivefold during 2000–2009. Inadequate understanding of risk factors hinders prevention. The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for prescription opioid death in Utah.
Design
Case‐control study. Cases were 254 Utah decedents with ≥1 prescription opioid causing death during 2008–2009 with nonintentional manner of death (information obtained via next‐of‐kin interviews). Controls were 1,308 Utah 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents who reported prescription opioid use during the previous year.
Outcome Measures
Exposure prevalence ratios (EPRs) for selected characteristics and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Decedents were more likely than the comparison group to have used prescription pain medication more than prescribed (52.9% vs 3.2%; EPR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.3–23.7), obtained prescription pain medication from nonprescription sources (39.6% vs 8.3%; EPR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.6–6.0), smoked daily (54.5% vs 9.7%; EPR, 5.6; 95% CI, 4.4–6.9), not graduated high school (18.5% vs 6.2%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0–3.9), and been divorced or separated (34.6% vs 9.4%; EPR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.0–4.4). Decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain than the comparison group (94.2% vs 31.6%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.7–3.3).
Conclusions
Use of pain medication outside prescription bounds was a risk factor for death. However, decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain, and the majority of both groups had obtained pain medication by prescription. Other factors (e.g., smoking status) might also play important roles in prescription opioid‐related death. Prescribers should screen chronic pain patients for risk factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01518.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1273265240</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2844389771</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5188-d834c3194aab94eca6501ba215fd219dedb60a8efa81f2ef8f704b703f828a413</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkT1PwzAQhi0E4vsvoEgsDCT4bCd2BgYopSDxURUQo-UktnBJm2Knovx7HFo6MOHhfJKf9-58L0IR4ATCORsnkJIsZhnlCcFAEgwpiGSxgXbXD5urnFCe7qA978cYQ8YE3UY7hALlhIhd1BtZ_x5dq7JtnI9M46Kh0750dtbaZho9zmxjq3ika9XqKrrSqn07jV5aFSLBWMQh5Adoy6ja68PVvY9ervvPvZv47nFw27u4i8swnIgrQVlJIWdKFTnTpcpSDIUikJqKQF7pqsiwEtooAYZoIwzHrOCYGkGEYkD30cmy7sw1H3PtWzmxvtR1raa6mXsJhFOSpYTh_6CEQ4A79PgPOm7mbho-Eiiap5yF9oESS6p0jfdOGzlzdqLclwQsO0_kWHbrlt3qZeeJ_PFELoL0aNVgXkx0tRb-mhCA8yXwaWv99e_Ccnjf77Kgj5d661u9WOuVe5cZD-7L14eBHPXuX4eXTwNJ6TfW6aUo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1239574828</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid-Related Death, Utah, 2008-2009</title><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Lanier, William A. ; Johnson, Erin M. ; Rolfs, Robert T. ; Friedrichs, Michael D. ; Grey, Todd C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Lanier, William A. ; Johnson, Erin M. ; Rolfs, Robert T. ; Friedrichs, Michael D. ; Grey, Todd C.</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
Utah prescription opioid death rates increased nearly fivefold during 2000–2009. Inadequate understanding of risk factors hinders prevention. The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for prescription opioid death in Utah.
Design
Case‐control study. Cases were 254 Utah decedents with ≥1 prescription opioid causing death during 2008–2009 with nonintentional manner of death (information obtained via next‐of‐kin interviews). Controls were 1,308 Utah 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents who reported prescription opioid use during the previous year.
Outcome Measures
Exposure prevalence ratios (EPRs) for selected characteristics and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Decedents were more likely than the comparison group to have used prescription pain medication more than prescribed (52.9% vs 3.2%; EPR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.3–23.7), obtained prescription pain medication from nonprescription sources (39.6% vs 8.3%; EPR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.6–6.0), smoked daily (54.5% vs 9.7%; EPR, 5.6; 95% CI, 4.4–6.9), not graduated high school (18.5% vs 6.2%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0–3.9), and been divorced or separated (34.6% vs 9.4%; EPR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.0–4.4). Decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain than the comparison group (94.2% vs 31.6%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.7–3.3).
Conclusions
Use of pain medication outside prescription bounds was a risk factor for death. However, decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain, and the majority of both groups had obtained pain medication by prescription. Other factors (e.g., smoking status) might also play important roles in prescription opioid‐related death. Prescribers should screen chronic pain patients for risk factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1526-2375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-4637</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01518.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23137228</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PMAEAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid - poisoning ; Case-Control Studies ; Cause of Death ; Chronic Pain - drug therapy ; Chronic Pain - epidemiology ; Confidence intervals ; Drug Overdose - mortality ; Drug Prescriptions ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status - statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Opioid ; Overdose ; Pain management ; Prescription Drug Misuse ; Prescription Drugs - poisoning ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Utah - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2012-12, Vol.13 (12), p.1580-1589</ispartof><rights>Wiley Periodicals, Inc</rights><rights>Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2012 American Academy of Pain Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5188-d834c3194aab94eca6501ba215fd219dedb60a8efa81f2ef8f704b703f828a413</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5188-d834c3194aab94eca6501ba215fd219dedb60a8efa81f2ef8f704b703f828a413</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1526-4637.2012.01518.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1526-4637.2012.01518.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137228$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lanier, William A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Erin M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rolfs, Robert T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedrichs, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grey, Todd C.</creatorcontrib><title>Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid-Related Death, Utah, 2008-2009</title><title>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</title><addtitle>Pain Med</addtitle><description>Objective
Utah prescription opioid death rates increased nearly fivefold during 2000–2009. Inadequate understanding of risk factors hinders prevention. The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for prescription opioid death in Utah.
Design
Case‐control study. Cases were 254 Utah decedents with ≥1 prescription opioid causing death during 2008–2009 with nonintentional manner of death (information obtained via next‐of‐kin interviews). Controls were 1,308 Utah 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents who reported prescription opioid use during the previous year.
Outcome Measures
Exposure prevalence ratios (EPRs) for selected characteristics and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Decedents were more likely than the comparison group to have used prescription pain medication more than prescribed (52.9% vs 3.2%; EPR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.3–23.7), obtained prescription pain medication from nonprescription sources (39.6% vs 8.3%; EPR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.6–6.0), smoked daily (54.5% vs 9.7%; EPR, 5.6; 95% CI, 4.4–6.9), not graduated high school (18.5% vs 6.2%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0–3.9), and been divorced or separated (34.6% vs 9.4%; EPR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.0–4.4). Decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain than the comparison group (94.2% vs 31.6%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.7–3.3).
Conclusions
Use of pain medication outside prescription bounds was a risk factor for death. However, decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain, and the majority of both groups had obtained pain medication by prescription. Other factors (e.g., smoking status) might also play important roles in prescription opioid‐related death. Prescribers should screen chronic pain patients for risk factors.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - poisoning</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Chronic Pain - drug therapy</subject><subject>Chronic Pain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Drug Overdose - mortality</subject><subject>Drug Prescriptions</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marital Status - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Opioid</subject><subject>Overdose</subject><subject>Pain management</subject><subject>Prescription Drug Misuse</subject><subject>Prescription Drugs - poisoning</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Utah - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1526-2375</issn><issn>1526-4637</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkT1PwzAQhi0E4vsvoEgsDCT4bCd2BgYopSDxURUQo-UktnBJm2Knovx7HFo6MOHhfJKf9-58L0IR4ATCORsnkJIsZhnlCcFAEgwpiGSxgXbXD5urnFCe7qA978cYQ8YE3UY7hALlhIhd1BtZ_x5dq7JtnI9M46Kh0750dtbaZho9zmxjq3ika9XqKrrSqn07jV5aFSLBWMQh5Adoy6ja68PVvY9ervvPvZv47nFw27u4i8swnIgrQVlJIWdKFTnTpcpSDIUikJqKQF7pqsiwEtooAYZoIwzHrOCYGkGEYkD30cmy7sw1H3PtWzmxvtR1raa6mXsJhFOSpYTh_6CEQ4A79PgPOm7mbho-Eiiap5yF9oESS6p0jfdOGzlzdqLclwQsO0_kWHbrlt3qZeeJ_PFELoL0aNVgXkx0tRb-mhCA8yXwaWv99e_Ccnjf77Kgj5d661u9WOuVe5cZD-7L14eBHPXuX4eXTwNJ6TfW6aUo</recordid><startdate>201212</startdate><enddate>201212</enddate><creator>Lanier, William A.</creator><creator>Johnson, Erin M.</creator><creator>Rolfs, Robert T.</creator><creator>Friedrichs, Michael D.</creator><creator>Grey, Todd C.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201212</creationdate><title>Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid-Related Death, Utah, 2008-2009</title><author>Lanier, William A. ; Johnson, Erin M. ; Rolfs, Robert T. ; Friedrichs, Michael D. ; Grey, Todd C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5188-d834c3194aab94eca6501ba215fd219dedb60a8efa81f2ef8f704b703f828a413</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - poisoning</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Chronic Pain - drug therapy</topic><topic>Chronic Pain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Drug Overdose - mortality</topic><topic>Drug Prescriptions</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marital Status - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Opioid</topic><topic>Overdose</topic><topic>Pain management</topic><topic>Prescription Drug Misuse</topic><topic>Prescription Drugs - poisoning</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Utah - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lanier, William A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Erin M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rolfs, Robert T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedrichs, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grey, Todd C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lanier, William A.</au><au>Johnson, Erin M.</au><au>Rolfs, Robert T.</au><au>Friedrichs, Michael D.</au><au>Grey, Todd C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid-Related Death, Utah, 2008-2009</atitle><jtitle>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle><addtitle>Pain Med</addtitle><date>2012-12</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1580</spage><epage>1589</epage><pages>1580-1589</pages><issn>1526-2375</issn><eissn>1526-4637</eissn><coden>PMAEAP</coden><abstract>Objective
Utah prescription opioid death rates increased nearly fivefold during 2000–2009. Inadequate understanding of risk factors hinders prevention. The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for prescription opioid death in Utah.
Design
Case‐control study. Cases were 254 Utah decedents with ≥1 prescription opioid causing death during 2008–2009 with nonintentional manner of death (information obtained via next‐of‐kin interviews). Controls were 1,308 Utah 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents who reported prescription opioid use during the previous year.
Outcome Measures
Exposure prevalence ratios (EPRs) for selected characteristics and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Decedents were more likely than the comparison group to have used prescription pain medication more than prescribed (52.9% vs 3.2%; EPR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.3–23.7), obtained prescription pain medication from nonprescription sources (39.6% vs 8.3%; EPR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.6–6.0), smoked daily (54.5% vs 9.7%; EPR, 5.6; 95% CI, 4.4–6.9), not graduated high school (18.5% vs 6.2%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0–3.9), and been divorced or separated (34.6% vs 9.4%; EPR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.0–4.4). Decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain than the comparison group (94.2% vs 31.6%; EPR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.7–3.3).
Conclusions
Use of pain medication outside prescription bounds was a risk factor for death. However, decedents were more likely to have had chronic pain, and the majority of both groups had obtained pain medication by prescription. Other factors (e.g., smoking status) might also play important roles in prescription opioid‐related death. Prescribers should screen chronic pain patients for risk factors.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23137228</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01518.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2012-12, Vol.13 (12), p.1580-1589 |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid - poisoning Case-Control Studies Cause of Death Chronic Pain - drug therapy Chronic Pain - epidemiology Confidence intervals Drug Overdose - mortality Drug Prescriptions Educational Status Female Humans Male Marital Status - statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Opioid Overdose Pain management Prescription Drug Misuse Prescription Drugs - poisoning Prevalence Risk Factors Smoking - epidemiology Utah - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid-Related Death, Utah, 2008-2009 |
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