Flowers attract weaver ants that deter less effective pollinators
1. Many flowers produce ant-repellent substances that prevent ants from discouraging pollinator visits. When a flower's most effective pollinator is unaffected by predatory ants, however, flowers should benefit from the presence of ants that deter less effective pollinators from consuming resou...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of ecology 2013-01, Vol.101 (1), p.78-85 |
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| container_title | The Journal of ecology |
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| creator | Gonzálvez, Francisco G. Santamaría, Luis Corlett, Richard T. Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A. |
| description | 1. Many flowers produce ant-repellent substances that prevent ants from discouraging pollinator visits. When a flower's most effective pollinator is unaffected by predatory ants, however, flowers should benefit from the presence of ants that deter less effective pollinators from consuming resources. 2. Behavioural assays revealed that Melastoma malabathricum flowers, pollinated by large carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp., produce ant attractants that recruit weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina. 3. The presence of ants was associated with an increase in the reproductive success of M. malabathricum flowers. This outcome likely resulted from the filtering effect of ants on the community of flower visitors: ants deter less effective pollinators and attract Xylocopa bees through an indirect effect on resource depletion. 4. Synthesis. Although plant—pollinator interactions are classified as mutualisms, not all flower visitors are effective pollinators, and some can be parasites or conditional parasites. As a result, predators that deter flower visitors can have positive or negative effects on plant fitness, depending on whether they deter all visitors or a subset of them, and on the relative effectiveness of deterred and undeterred visitors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1365-2745.12006 |
| format | Article |
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Many flowers produce ant-repellent substances that prevent ants from discouraging pollinator visits. When a flower's most effective pollinator is unaffected by predatory ants, however, flowers should benefit from the presence of ants that deter less effective pollinators from consuming resources. 2. Behavioural assays revealed that Melastoma malabathricum flowers, pollinated by large carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp., produce ant attractants that recruit weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina. 3. The presence of ants was associated with an increase in the reproductive success of M. malabathricum flowers. This outcome likely resulted from the filtering effect of ants on the community of flower visitors: ants deter less effective pollinators and attract Xylocopa bees through an indirect effect on resource depletion. 4. Synthesis. Although plant—pollinator interactions are classified as mutualisms, not all flower visitors are effective pollinators, and some can be parasites or conditional parasites. As a result, predators that deter flower visitors can have positive or negative effects on plant fitness, depending on whether they deter all visitors or a subset of them, and on the relative effectiveness of deterred and undeterred visitors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0477</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2745</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12006</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JECOAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Blackwell Publishing</publisher><subject>ambush predators ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; ant repellents ; ant–plant interactions ; Attractants ; Biological and medical sciences ; Flowers ; Flowers & plants ; Formicidae ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Insect behavior ; Insect ecology ; Insect nests ; Insect pollination ; Insect reproduction ; Insects ; mutualism ; Oecophylla smaragdina ; Plant ecology ; Plant reproduction ; Plants ; Pollen ; Pollinating insects ; Predation ; Reproductive ecology ; tritrophic interactions ; Weaving</subject><ispartof>The Journal of ecology, 2013-01, Vol.101 (1), p.78-85</ispartof><rights>2013 British Ecological Society</rights><rights>2012 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 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Many flowers produce ant-repellent substances that prevent ants from discouraging pollinator visits. When a flower's most effective pollinator is unaffected by predatory ants, however, flowers should benefit from the presence of ants that deter less effective pollinators from consuming resources. 2. Behavioural assays revealed that Melastoma malabathricum flowers, pollinated by large carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp., produce ant attractants that recruit weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina. 3. The presence of ants was associated with an increase in the reproductive success of M. malabathricum flowers. This outcome likely resulted from the filtering effect of ants on the community of flower visitors: ants deter less effective pollinators and attract Xylocopa bees through an indirect effect on resource depletion. 4. Synthesis. Although plant—pollinator interactions are classified as mutualisms, not all flower visitors are effective pollinators, and some can be parasites or conditional parasites. As a result, predators that deter flower visitors can have positive or negative effects on plant fitness, depending on whether they deter all visitors or a subset of them, and on the relative effectiveness of deterred and undeterred visitors.</description><subject>ambush predators</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>ant repellents</subject><subject>ant–plant interactions</subject><subject>Attractants</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Flowers</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Formicidae</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Insect behavior</subject><subject>Insect ecology</subject><subject>Insect nests</subject><subject>Insect pollination</subject><subject>Insect reproduction</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>mutualism</subject><subject>Oecophylla smaragdina</subject><subject>Plant ecology</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Pollen</subject><subject>Pollinating insects</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Reproductive ecology</subject><subject>tritrophic interactions</subject><subject>Weaving</subject><issn>0022-0477</issn><issn>1365-2745</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEURoMoWKtrV8KACG6mzWuSdllK64OCG12HNHODU9KZmqSW_nszTq3gxmxCwvnOvXwIXRM8IOkMCRNFTiUvBoRiLE5Q7_hzinoYU5pjLuU5ughhhRMhC9xDk7lrduBDpmP02sRsB_oTfKbrGLL4rmNWQkxvByFkYC2YWH1Ctmmcq2odGx8u0ZnVLsDV4e6jt_nsdfqYL14enqaTRW44JyKnpWYlYM4lpsIul0tSaiCCFBQzakdUju3IANGlZUxQrmk5ZkIwMZYUW2JL1kf3nXfjm48thKjWVTDgnK6h2QZFqKQSY8JJQm__oKtm6-u0XaJEWmfUTu2jYUcZ34TgwaqNr9ba7xXBqq1UtQWqtkD1XWlK3B28OhjtrNe1qcIxRoVkgrMicUXH7SoH-_-06nk2_fHfdLlVSM3-ehkruBAj9gURUYzI</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Gonzálvez, Francisco G.</creator><creator>Santamaría, Luis</creator><creator>Corlett, Richard T.</creator><creator>Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>Flowers attract weaver ants that deter less effective pollinators</title><author>Gonzálvez, Francisco G. ; Santamaría, Luis ; Corlett, Richard T. ; Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4416-2da3de0447026fbbb1dae16152032f8279f8ce1adf33624a2d9366369720f1fd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>ambush predators</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>ant repellents</topic><topic>ant–plant interactions</topic><topic>Attractants</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Flowers</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Formicidae</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Insect behavior</topic><topic>Insect ecology</topic><topic>Insect nests</topic><topic>Insect pollination</topic><topic>Insect reproduction</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>mutualism</topic><topic>Oecophylla smaragdina</topic><topic>Plant ecology</topic><topic>Plant reproduction</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Pollen</topic><topic>Pollinating insects</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Reproductive ecology</topic><topic>tritrophic interactions</topic><topic>Weaving</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gonzálvez, Francisco G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santamaría, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corlett, Richard T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gonzálvez, Francisco G.</au><au>Santamaría, Luis</au><au>Corlett, Richard T.</au><au>Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A.</au><au>Whitney, Kenneth</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Flowers attract weaver ants that deter less effective pollinators</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of ecology</jtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>78</spage><epage>85</epage><pages>78-85</pages><issn>0022-0477</issn><eissn>1365-2745</eissn><coden>JECOAB</coden><abstract>1. Many flowers produce ant-repellent substances that prevent ants from discouraging pollinator visits. When a flower's most effective pollinator is unaffected by predatory ants, however, flowers should benefit from the presence of ants that deter less effective pollinators from consuming resources. 2. Behavioural assays revealed that Melastoma malabathricum flowers, pollinated by large carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp., produce ant attractants that recruit weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina. 3. The presence of ants was associated with an increase in the reproductive success of M. malabathricum flowers. This outcome likely resulted from the filtering effect of ants on the community of flower visitors: ants deter less effective pollinators and attract Xylocopa bees through an indirect effect on resource depletion. 4. Synthesis. Although plant—pollinator interactions are classified as mutualisms, not all flower visitors are effective pollinators, and some can be parasites or conditional parasites. As a result, predators that deter flower visitors can have positive or negative effects on plant fitness, depending on whether they deter all visitors or a subset of them, and on the relative effectiveness of deterred and undeterred visitors.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing</pub><doi>10.1111/1365-2745.12006</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Access via Wiley Online Library; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Wiley Free Content |
| subjects | ambush predators Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology ant repellents ant–plant interactions Attractants Biological and medical sciences Flowers Flowers & plants Formicidae Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Insect behavior Insect ecology Insect nests Insect pollination Insect reproduction Insects mutualism Oecophylla smaragdina Plant ecology Plant reproduction Plants Pollen Pollinating insects Predation Reproductive ecology tritrophic interactions Weaving |
| title | Flowers attract weaver ants that deter less effective pollinators |
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