Are Girls the Fairer Sex in India? Revisiting Intra-Household Allocation of Education Expenditure
Using a Hurdle model, the paper finds that although significant progress in gender equality in education was achieved during 1993–2005, pro-male gender bias still exists in the within-household allocation of educational expenditure. This bias occurs primarily through differential spending on sons an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | World development 2013-02, Vol.42, p.143-164 |
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| container_title | World development |
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| creator | Azam, Mehtabul Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi |
| description | Using a Hurdle model, the paper finds that although significant progress in gender equality in education was achieved during 1993–2005, pro-male gender bias still exists in the within-household allocation of educational expenditure. This bias occurs primarily through differential spending on sons and daughters in the primary and middle school age groups, but through the decision to enroll sons and not daughters in the secondary school age group. Bias is substantially greater in rural than urban areas. An important mechanism through which households spend less on girls is by sending sons to private schools and daughters to the fee-free government schools. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.09.003 |
| format | Article |
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| language | eng |
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| source | PAIS Index; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Bias Decision Economic models Education expenses Educational expenditure Engel curve Expenditures gender bias Gender equity Gender relations Households Hurdle model India Resource allocation Secondary schools Studies Urban areas |
| title | Are Girls the Fairer Sex in India? Revisiting Intra-Household Allocation of Education Expenditure |
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