The influence of physicochemical properties on the internal dose of trihalomethanes in humans following a controlled showering exposure
Although disinfection of domestic water supply is crucial for protecting public health from waterborne diseases, this process forms potentially harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). We evaluated the influence of physicochemical properties of four THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2013-01, Vol.23 (1), p.39-45 |
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| creator | Silva, Lalith K Backer, Lorraine C Ashley, David L Gordon, Sydney M Brinkman, Marielle C Nuckols, John R Wilkes, Charles R Blount, Benjamin C |
| description | Although disinfection of domestic water supply is crucial for protecting public health from waterborne diseases, this process forms potentially harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). We evaluated the influence of physicochemical properties of four THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) on the internal dose after showering. One hundred volunteers showered for 10 min in a controlled setting with fixed water flow, air flow, and temperature. We measured THMs in shower water, shower air, bathroom air, and blood samples collected at various time intervals. The geometric mean (GM) for total THM concentration in shower water was 96.2
μ
g/l. The GM of total THM in air increased from 5.8
μ
g/m
3
pre shower to 351
μ
g/m
3
during showering. Similarly, the GM of total-blood THM concentration increased from 16.5 ng/l pre shower to 299 ng/l at 10 min post shower. THM levels were significantly correlated between different matrices (e.g. dibromochloromethane levels) in water and air (
r
=0.941); blood and water (
r
=0.845); and blood and air (
r
=0.831). The slopes of best-fit lines for THM levels in water
vs
air and blood
vs
air increased with increasing partition coefficient of water/air and blood/air. The slope of the correlation plot of THM levels in water
vs
air decreased in a linear (
r
=0.995) fashion with increasing Henry's law constant. The physicochemical properties (volatility, partition coefficients, and Henry's law constant) are useful parameters for predicting THM movement between matrices and understanding THM exposure during showering. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/jes.2012.80 |
| format | Article |
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μ
g/l. The GM of total THM in air increased from 5.8
μ
g/m
3
pre shower to 351
μ
g/m
3
during showering. Similarly, the GM of total-blood THM concentration increased from 16.5 ng/l pre shower to 299 ng/l at 10 min post shower. THM levels were significantly correlated between different matrices (e.g. dibromochloromethane levels) in water and air (
r
=0.941); blood and water (
r
=0.845); and blood and air (
r
=0.831). The slopes of best-fit lines for THM levels in water
vs
air and blood
vs
air increased with increasing partition coefficient of water/air and blood/air. The slope of the correlation plot of THM levels in water
vs
air decreased in a linear (
r
=0.995) fashion with increasing Henry's law constant. The physicochemical properties (volatility, partition coefficients, and Henry's law constant) are useful parameters for predicting THM movement between matrices and understanding THM exposure during showering.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0631</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-064X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.80</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22829048</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>704/172/169/895 ; Air flow ; Air temperature ; Bathrooms ; Blood ; Blood levels ; Bromodichloromethane ; Chemical properties ; Chloroform ; Control ; Disinfection ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Environmental Exposure ; Epidemiology ; Health aspects ; Henrys law ; Humans ; Influence ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; original-article ; Physicochemical properties ; Prevention ; Public health ; Trihalomethanes ; Trihalomethanes - administration & dosage ; Trihalomethanes - chemistry ; Water flow ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - administration & dosage ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry ; Water supply ; Waterborne diseases ; Waterborne infections</subject><ispartof>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2013-01, Vol.23 (1), p.39-45</ispartof><rights>Nature America, Inc. 2013</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2013</rights><rights>Nature America, Inc. 2013.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c550t-599c18547c5791045f9f14f963634ef7a0a080f4e68416ecf2f03623ee657fc83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c550t-599c18547c5791045f9f14f963634ef7a0a080f4e68416ecf2f03623ee657fc83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/jes.2012.80$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/jes.2012.80$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22829048$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Silva, Lalith K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Backer, Lorraine C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashley, David L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gordon, Sydney M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brinkman, Marielle C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nuckols, John R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilkes, Charles R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blount, Benjamin C</creatorcontrib><title>The influence of physicochemical properties on the internal dose of trihalomethanes in humans following a controlled showering exposure</title><title>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</title><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Although disinfection of domestic water supply is crucial for protecting public health from waterborne diseases, this process forms potentially harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). We evaluated the influence of physicochemical properties of four THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) on the internal dose after showering. One hundred volunteers showered for 10 min in a controlled setting with fixed water flow, air flow, and temperature. We measured THMs in shower water, shower air, bathroom air, and blood samples collected at various time intervals. The geometric mean (GM) for total THM concentration in shower water was 96.2
μ
g/l. The GM of total THM in air increased from 5.8
μ
g/m
3
pre shower to 351
μ
g/m
3
during showering. Similarly, the GM of total-blood THM concentration increased from 16.5 ng/l pre shower to 299 ng/l at 10 min post shower. THM levels were significantly correlated between different matrices (e.g. dibromochloromethane levels) in water and air (
r
=0.941); blood and water (
r
=0.845); and blood and air (
r
=0.831). The slopes of best-fit lines for THM levels in water
vs
air and blood
vs
air increased with increasing partition coefficient of water/air and blood/air. The slope of the correlation plot of THM levels in water
vs
air decreased in a linear (
r
=0.995) fashion with increasing Henry's law constant. The physicochemical properties (volatility, partition coefficients, and Henry's law constant) are useful parameters for predicting THM movement between matrices and understanding THM exposure during showering.</description><subject>704/172/169/895</subject><subject>Air flow</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Bathrooms</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>Bromodichloromethane</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Chloroform</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Domestic water</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Henrys law</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - chemistry</subject><subject>Water flow</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Waterborne diseases</subject><subject>Waterborne infections</subject><issn>1559-0631</issn><issn>1559-064X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1rFTEUhgdRbK2u3EtAEEHvNd8zsyzFLyi4qeAuxNyTTi6ZZEwytP0F_m0z99baShHJIsnJc07y5rxN85zgNcGse7eFvKaY0HWHHzSHRIh-hSX_9vBmzchB8yTnLcactxI_bg4o7WiPeXfY_DwbALlg_QzBAIoWTcNVdiaaAUZntEdTihOk4iCjGFDZ4QVSqEebmHcpJblB-zhCGXSonAtomEcdMrLR-3jhwjnSyMRQUt3DBuUhXkBawnA5xTwneNo8stpneHY9HzVfP7w_O_m0Ov3y8fPJ8enKCIHLSvS9IZ3grRFtTzAXtreE214yyTjYVmONO2w5yI4TCcZSi5mkDECK1pqOHTWv93WrrB8z5KJGlw14Xx8e56wIFW2tLCj5D5RjSiTvcEVf_oVu47x8UVZUcixbylj3L4pQ1uO2bbn4Q51rD6q2JpakzXK1OmaEEYmr_Eqt76Hq2CxtiwGsq_E7Ca9uJQygfRly9HNxMeS74Js9aFLMOYFVU3KjTleKYLUYTlXDqcVwaqf8xbWm-fsImxv2t8Mq8HYP5GlpOKRbou-p9wuqkt1a</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Silva, Lalith K</creator><creator>Backer, Lorraine C</creator><creator>Ashley, David L</creator><creator>Gordon, Sydney M</creator><creator>Brinkman, Marielle C</creator><creator>Nuckols, John R</creator><creator>Wilkes, Charles R</creator><creator>Blount, Benjamin C</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>The influence of physicochemical properties on the internal dose of trihalomethanes in humans following a controlled showering exposure</title><author>Silva, Lalith K ; Backer, Lorraine C ; Ashley, David L ; Gordon, Sydney M ; Brinkman, Marielle C ; Nuckols, John R ; Wilkes, Charles R ; Blount, Benjamin C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c550t-599c18547c5791045f9f14f963634ef7a0a080f4e68416ecf2f03623ee657fc83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>704/172/169/895</topic><topic>Air flow</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Bathrooms</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>Bromodichloromethane</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Chloroform</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Domestic water</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Henrys law</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes - 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Academic</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Silva, Lalith K</au><au>Backer, Lorraine C</au><au>Ashley, David L</au><au>Gordon, Sydney M</au><au>Brinkman, Marielle C</au><au>Nuckols, John R</au><au>Wilkes, Charles R</au><au>Blount, Benjamin C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The influence of physicochemical properties on the internal dose of trihalomethanes in humans following a controlled showering exposure</atitle><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>39</spage><epage>45</epage><pages>39-45</pages><issn>1559-0631</issn><eissn>1559-064X</eissn><abstract>Although disinfection of domestic water supply is crucial for protecting public health from waterborne diseases, this process forms potentially harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). We evaluated the influence of physicochemical properties of four THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) on the internal dose after showering. One hundred volunteers showered for 10 min in a controlled setting with fixed water flow, air flow, and temperature. We measured THMs in shower water, shower air, bathroom air, and blood samples collected at various time intervals. The geometric mean (GM) for total THM concentration in shower water was 96.2
μ
g/l. The GM of total THM in air increased from 5.8
μ
g/m
3
pre shower to 351
μ
g/m
3
during showering. Similarly, the GM of total-blood THM concentration increased from 16.5 ng/l pre shower to 299 ng/l at 10 min post shower. THM levels were significantly correlated between different matrices (e.g. dibromochloromethane levels) in water and air (
r
=0.941); blood and water (
r
=0.845); and blood and air (
r
=0.831). The slopes of best-fit lines for THM levels in water
vs
air and blood
vs
air increased with increasing partition coefficient of water/air and blood/air. The slope of the correlation plot of THM levels in water
vs
air decreased in a linear (
r
=0.995) fashion with increasing Henry's law constant. The physicochemical properties (volatility, partition coefficients, and Henry's law constant) are useful parameters for predicting THM movement between matrices and understanding THM exposure during showering.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>22829048</pmid><doi>10.1038/jes.2012.80</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2013-01, Vol.23 (1), p.39-45 |
| issn | 1559-0631 1559-064X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1257791521 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | 704/172/169/895 Air flow Air temperature Bathrooms Blood Blood levels Bromodichloromethane Chemical properties Chloroform Control Disinfection Domestic water Drinking water Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Health aspects Henrys law Humans Influence Medicine Medicine & Public Health original-article Physicochemical properties Prevention Public health Trihalomethanes Trihalomethanes - administration & dosage Trihalomethanes - chemistry Water flow Water Pollutants, Chemical - administration & dosage Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water supply Waterborne diseases Waterborne infections |
| title | The influence of physicochemical properties on the internal dose of trihalomethanes in humans following a controlled showering exposure |
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