Arrays of low-temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry
RATIONALE This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary‐based low‐temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on ill...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Rapid communications in mass spectrometry 2013-01, Vol.27 (1), p.135-142 |
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creator | Dalgleish, Jon K. Wleklinski, Michael Shelley, Jacob T. Mulligan, Christopher C. Ouyang, Zheng Graham Cooks, R. |
description | RATIONALE
This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary‐based low‐temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on illicit, cathinone‐based drugs marketed as 'bath salts'.
METHODS
LTP arrays consisting of 1, 7, and 19 probes were constructed with quartz capillaries and held together with silver epoxy resin adhesive. Three drugs, mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, were analyzed with each plasma ion source and an ion trap mass spectrometer in full MS and in MS/MS positive ion mode. Chemical and thermal footprints were determined for each source. A reactive probe design was used to inject trifluoroacetic anhydride directly into the plasma stream for on‐line derivatization.
RESULTS
Small LTP probes and bundled arrays provide low picogram level limits of detection for mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Bundling the probes together in larger arrays increases the surface area analyzed by a factor of ten, while maintaining surface temperatures below 40 °C. Selectivity towards mephedrone and methylone was increased using trifluoracetylation under ambient ionization conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Low‐temperature plasma ionization sources allow rapid detection of illicit 'bath salt' drugs in low amounts. The sources have a larger sampling area that allows faster detection of each analyte, and selectivity towards the selected drug is enhanced by adding reagents directly into the plasma stream. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/rcm.6435 |
format | Article |
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This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary‐based low‐temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on illicit, cathinone‐based drugs marketed as 'bath salts'.
METHODS
LTP arrays consisting of 1, 7, and 19 probes were constructed with quartz capillaries and held together with silver epoxy resin adhesive. Three drugs, mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, were analyzed with each plasma ion source and an ion trap mass spectrometer in full MS and in MS/MS positive ion mode. Chemical and thermal footprints were determined for each source. A reactive probe design was used to inject trifluoroacetic anhydride directly into the plasma stream for on‐line derivatization.
RESULTS
Small LTP probes and bundled arrays provide low picogram level limits of detection for mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Bundling the probes together in larger arrays increases the surface area analyzed by a factor of ten, while maintaining surface temperatures below 40 °C. Selectivity towards mephedrone and methylone was increased using trifluoracetylation under ambient ionization conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Low‐temperature plasma ionization sources allow rapid detection of illicit 'bath salt' drugs in low amounts. The sources have a larger sampling area that allows faster detection of each analyte, and selectivity towards the selected drug is enhanced by adding reagents directly into the plasma stream. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0951-4198</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0231</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6435</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23239326</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Benzodioxoles - analysis ; Benzodioxoles - chemistry ; Cold Temperature ; Limit of Detection ; Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation ; Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives ; Methamphetamine - analysis ; Methamphetamine - chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Plasma Gases - chemistry ; Pyrrolidines - analysis ; Pyrrolidines - chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Street Drugs - analysis ; Street Drugs - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Rapid communications in mass spectrometry, 2013-01, Vol.27 (1), p.135-142</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4535-9280f26ed4607ab7e846a6d83a2b6aedd99f208c9c88376e9bd6e9a83798d6d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4535-9280f26ed4607ab7e846a6d83a2b6aedd99f208c9c88376e9bd6e9a83798d6d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Frcm.6435$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Frcm.6435$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239326$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dalgleish, Jon K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wleklinski, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shelley, Jacob T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulligan, Christopher C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouyang, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graham Cooks, R.</creatorcontrib><title>Arrays of low-temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry</title><title>Rapid communications in mass spectrometry</title><addtitle>Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom</addtitle><description>RATIONALE
This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary‐based low‐temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on illicit, cathinone‐based drugs marketed as 'bath salts'.
METHODS
LTP arrays consisting of 1, 7, and 19 probes were constructed with quartz capillaries and held together with silver epoxy resin adhesive. Three drugs, mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, were analyzed with each plasma ion source and an ion trap mass spectrometer in full MS and in MS/MS positive ion mode. Chemical and thermal footprints were determined for each source. A reactive probe design was used to inject trifluoroacetic anhydride directly into the plasma stream for on‐line derivatization.
RESULTS
Small LTP probes and bundled arrays provide low picogram level limits of detection for mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Bundling the probes together in larger arrays increases the surface area analyzed by a factor of ten, while maintaining surface temperatures below 40 °C. Selectivity towards mephedrone and methylone was increased using trifluoracetylation under ambient ionization conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Low‐temperature plasma ionization sources allow rapid detection of illicit 'bath salt' drugs in low amounts. The sources have a larger sampling area that allows faster detection of each analyte, and selectivity towards the selected drug is enhanced by adding reagents directly into the plasma stream. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>Benzodioxoles - analysis</subject><subject>Benzodioxoles - chemistry</subject><subject>Cold Temperature</subject><subject>Limit of Detection</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - analysis</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - chemistry</subject><subject>Models, Chemical</subject><subject>Plasma Gases - chemistry</subject><subject>Pyrrolidines - analysis</subject><subject>Pyrrolidines - chemistry</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Street Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Street Drugs - chemistry</subject><issn>0951-4198</issn><issn>1097-0231</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMtKxDAUhoMoOl7AJ5CAGzfVXJo0WergDbwhgsuQtqdQbSY1aRnHpzeDo4Lg5vxn8fFxzo_QPiXHlBB2Eip3LHMu1tCEEl1khHG6jiZEC5rlVKsttB3jCyGUCkY20RbjjGvO5AQ9nIZgFxH7Bnd-ng3gegh2GAPgvrPRWdwHX0LEjQ_YurKF2YBbP2s_7JACOxsjjj1UQ_AOhrDYRRuN7SLsrXIHPV2cP02vspv7y-vp6U1W5YKLTDNFGiahziUpbFmAyqWVteKWldJCXWvdMKIqXSnFCwm6rNOwadeqljXfQUdf2nTe2whxMK6NFXSdnYEfo6HpQSJ0wWVCD_-gL34Ms3TckiqUFjLXv8Iq-BgDNKYPrbNhYSgxy5JNKtksS07owUo4lg7qH_C71QRkX8C87WDxr8g8Tm9XwhXfxgHef3gbXo0seCHM892l4UrKOyLOjOSfBFWUYw</recordid><startdate>20130115</startdate><enddate>20130115</enddate><creator>Dalgleish, Jon K.</creator><creator>Wleklinski, Michael</creator><creator>Shelley, Jacob T.</creator><creator>Mulligan, Christopher C.</creator><creator>Ouyang, Zheng</creator><creator>Graham Cooks, R.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130115</creationdate><title>Arrays of low-temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry</title><author>Dalgleish, Jon K. ; Wleklinski, Michael ; Shelley, Jacob T. ; Mulligan, Christopher C. ; Ouyang, Zheng ; Graham Cooks, R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4535-9280f26ed4607ab7e846a6d83a2b6aedd99f208c9c88376e9bd6e9a83798d6d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Benzodioxoles - analysis</topic><topic>Benzodioxoles - chemistry</topic><topic>Cold Temperature</topic><topic>Limit of Detection</topic><topic>Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation</topic><topic>Mass Spectrometry - methods</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - analysis</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - chemistry</topic><topic>Models, Chemical</topic><topic>Plasma Gases - chemistry</topic><topic>Pyrrolidines - analysis</topic><topic>Pyrrolidines - chemistry</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Street Drugs - analysis</topic><topic>Street Drugs - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dalgleish, Jon K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wleklinski, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shelley, Jacob T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulligan, Christopher C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouyang, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graham Cooks, R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Rapid communications in mass spectrometry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dalgleish, Jon K.</au><au>Wleklinski, Michael</au><au>Shelley, Jacob T.</au><au>Mulligan, Christopher C.</au><au>Ouyang, Zheng</au><au>Graham Cooks, R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Arrays of low-temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry</atitle><jtitle>Rapid communications in mass spectrometry</jtitle><addtitle>Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom</addtitle><date>2013-01-15</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>135</spage><epage>142</epage><pages>135-142</pages><issn>0951-4198</issn><eissn>1097-0231</eissn><abstract>RATIONALE
This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary‐based low‐temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on illicit, cathinone‐based drugs marketed as 'bath salts'.
METHODS
LTP arrays consisting of 1, 7, and 19 probes were constructed with quartz capillaries and held together with silver epoxy resin adhesive. Three drugs, mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, were analyzed with each plasma ion source and an ion trap mass spectrometer in full MS and in MS/MS positive ion mode. Chemical and thermal footprints were determined for each source. A reactive probe design was used to inject trifluoroacetic anhydride directly into the plasma stream for on‐line derivatization.
RESULTS
Small LTP probes and bundled arrays provide low picogram level limits of detection for mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Bundling the probes together in larger arrays increases the surface area analyzed by a factor of ten, while maintaining surface temperatures below 40 °C. Selectivity towards mephedrone and methylone was increased using trifluoracetylation under ambient ionization conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Low‐temperature plasma ionization sources allow rapid detection of illicit 'bath salt' drugs in low amounts. The sources have a larger sampling area that allows faster detection of each analyte, and selectivity towards the selected drug is enhanced by adding reagents directly into the plasma stream. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23239326</pmid><doi>10.1002/rcm.6435</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Benzodioxoles - analysis Benzodioxoles - chemistry Cold Temperature Limit of Detection Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation Mass Spectrometry - methods Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives Methamphetamine - analysis Methamphetamine - chemistry Models, Chemical Plasma Gases - chemistry Pyrrolidines - analysis Pyrrolidines - chemistry Reproducibility of Results Street Drugs - analysis Street Drugs - chemistry |
title | Arrays of low-temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry |
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