Stroking Parameters during Continuous and Intermittent Exercise in Regional-Level Competitive Swimmers
Abstract This study aimed to determine whether maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) represents a boundary above which not only physiological but also technical changes occur. On different days, 13 male swimmers (23±9 years) performed the following tests: 1) a 400-m all-out swim, to determine maximal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of sports medicine 2012-09, Vol.33 (9), p.696-701 |
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| container_title | International journal of sports medicine |
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| creator | Oliveira, M.F. M. Caputo, F. Dekerle, J. Denadai, B. S. Greco, C. C. |
| description | Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) represents a boundary above which not only physiological but also technical changes occur. On different days, 13 male swimmers (23±9 years) performed the following tests: 1) a 400-m all-out swim, to determine maximal aerobic speed (S-400); 2) a series of 30-min sub-maximal swims, to determine continuous MLSS (MLSSc), and; 3) a series of 12×150 s sub-maximal swims, to determine intermittent MLSS (MLSSi). Stroke rate (SR), distance per stroke cycle (DS) and stroke index (SI) were analyzed at and above (102.5%) MLSSc and MLSSi. MLSSi (1.17±0.09 m.s
− 1
) was significantly higher than MLSSc (1.13±0.08 m.s
− 1
) while blood lactate concentration (mmol.L
− 1
) was similar between the 2 conditions (4.3±1.1 and 4.4±1.5, respectively). The increase in SR and decreases in DS and SI were significant during MLSSi, 102.5% MLSSc and 102.5% MLSSi. During MLSSc, DS also decreased significantly (− 3.6%) but with no change in SR or SI. Thus, stroking technique of regional-level competitive swimmers changes over time when they swim at or above MLSS. This is the case during both continuous and intermittent swimming, despite steady state blood lactate concentrations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1055/s-0031-1298003 |
| format | Article |
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This study aimed to determine whether maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) represents a boundary above which not only physiological but also technical changes occur. On different days, 13 male swimmers (23±9 years) performed the following tests: 1) a 400-m all-out swim, to determine maximal aerobic speed (S-400); 2) a series of 30-min sub-maximal swims, to determine continuous MLSS (MLSSc), and; 3) a series of 12×150 s sub-maximal swims, to determine intermittent MLSS (MLSSi). Stroke rate (SR), distance per stroke cycle (DS) and stroke index (SI) were analyzed at and above (102.5%) MLSSc and MLSSi. MLSSi (1.17±0.09 m.s
− 1
) was significantly higher than MLSSc (1.13±0.08 m.s
− 1
) while blood lactate concentration (mmol.L
− 1
) was similar between the 2 conditions (4.3±1.1 and 4.4±1.5, respectively). The increase in SR and decreases in DS and SI were significant during MLSSi, 102.5% MLSSc and 102.5% MLSSi. During MLSSc, DS also decreased significantly (− 3.6%) but with no change in SR or SI. Thus, stroking technique of regional-level competitive swimmers changes over time when they swim at or above MLSS. This is the case during both continuous and intermittent swimming, despite steady state blood lactate concentrations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0172-4622</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-3964</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298003</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22592544</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSMDA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Stuttgart · New York: Georg Thieme Verlag KG</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aerobics ; Analysis ; Athletes ; Biological and medical sciences ; Competition ; Exercise - physiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Lactic acid ; Lactic Acid - blood ; Male ; Speed ; Sports medicine ; Steady state ; Swimming (swimmers) ; Swimming - physiology ; Techniques ; Training & Testing ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of sports medicine, 2012-09, Vol.33 (9), p.696-701</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-7f366b7c6fd92f710a7c548d95e6f1c50759cae20f5513fec7994b19aacfc3ed3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0031-1298003.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gthieme$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0031-1298003$$EHTML$$P50$$Gthieme$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3004,3005,27901,27902,54534,54535</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26271106$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592544$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, M.F. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caputo, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekerle, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Denadai, B. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greco, C. C.</creatorcontrib><title>Stroking Parameters during Continuous and Intermittent Exercise in Regional-Level Competitive Swimmers</title><title>International journal of sports medicine</title><addtitle>Int J Sports Med</addtitle><description>Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) represents a boundary above which not only physiological but also technical changes occur. On different days, 13 male swimmers (23±9 years) performed the following tests: 1) a 400-m all-out swim, to determine maximal aerobic speed (S-400); 2) a series of 30-min sub-maximal swims, to determine continuous MLSS (MLSSc), and; 3) a series of 12×150 s sub-maximal swims, to determine intermittent MLSS (MLSSi). Stroke rate (SR), distance per stroke cycle (DS) and stroke index (SI) were analyzed at and above (102.5%) MLSSc and MLSSi. MLSSi (1.17±0.09 m.s
− 1
) was significantly higher than MLSSc (1.13±0.08 m.s
− 1
) while blood lactate concentration (mmol.L
− 1
) was similar between the 2 conditions (4.3±1.1 and 4.4±1.5, respectively). The increase in SR and decreases in DS and SI were significant during MLSSi, 102.5% MLSSc and 102.5% MLSSi. During MLSSc, DS also decreased significantly (− 3.6%) but with no change in SR or SI. Thus, stroking technique of regional-level competitive swimmers changes over time when they swim at or above MLSS. This is the case during both continuous and intermittent swimming, despite steady state blood lactate concentrations.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aerobics</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Lactic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Speed</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Steady state</subject><subject>Swimming (swimmers)</subject><subject>Swimming - physiology</subject><subject>Techniques</subject><subject>Training & Testing</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0172-4622</issn><issn>1439-3964</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9PFDEUxxsDkQW9ejRzIfFS6O-ZHs0GlGQTiOh50u28QmHaWdsOyH9vN7voyXjqS_t539f3_SL0gZIzSqQ8z5gQTjFluqvFG7SggmvMtRIHaEFoy7BQjB2h45wfCKFCU_4WHTEmNZNCLJC7LWl69PGuuTHJBCiQcjPMaXuznGLxcZ7m3Jg4NFexPgZfCsTSXPyCZH2GxsfmG9z5KZoRr-AJxtoWNlB88U_Q3D77EKrkO3TozJjh_f48QT8uL74vv-LV9Zer5ecVtvXLBbeOK7VurXKDZq6lxLRWim7QEpSjVpJWamuAEScl5Q5sq7VYU22MdZbDwE_Qp53uJk0_Z8ilDz5bGEcToe7RU8Y7Sqs73f9RwkVHuGKyomc71KYp5wSu3yQfTHqpUL-Noc_9NoZ-H0Nt-LjXntcBhj_4q-8VON0DJlszumRidfMvp1hLKVGVwzuu3HsI0D9Mc6pO538N_g1DMp7C</recordid><startdate>20120901</startdate><enddate>20120901</enddate><creator>Oliveira, M.F. M.</creator><creator>Caputo, F.</creator><creator>Dekerle, J.</creator><creator>Denadai, B. S.</creator><creator>Greco, C. C.</creator><general>Georg Thieme Verlag KG</general><general>Thieme</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120901</creationdate><title>Stroking Parameters during Continuous and Intermittent Exercise in Regional-Level Competitive Swimmers</title><author>Oliveira, M.F. M. ; Caputo, F. ; Dekerle, J. ; Denadai, B. S. ; Greco, C. 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Sports</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, M.F. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caputo, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekerle, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Denadai, B. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greco, C. C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><jtitle>International journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oliveira, M.F. M.</au><au>Caputo, F.</au><au>Dekerle, J.</au><au>Denadai, B. S.</au><au>Greco, C. C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stroking Parameters during Continuous and Intermittent Exercise in Regional-Level Competitive Swimmers</atitle><jtitle>International journal of sports medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Sports Med</addtitle><date>2012-09-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>696</spage><epage>701</epage><pages>696-701</pages><issn>0172-4622</issn><eissn>1439-3964</eissn><coden>IJSMDA</coden><abstract>Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) represents a boundary above which not only physiological but also technical changes occur. On different days, 13 male swimmers (23±9 years) performed the following tests: 1) a 400-m all-out swim, to determine maximal aerobic speed (S-400); 2) a series of 30-min sub-maximal swims, to determine continuous MLSS (MLSSc), and; 3) a series of 12×150 s sub-maximal swims, to determine intermittent MLSS (MLSSi). Stroke rate (SR), distance per stroke cycle (DS) and stroke index (SI) were analyzed at and above (102.5%) MLSSc and MLSSi. MLSSi (1.17±0.09 m.s
− 1
) was significantly higher than MLSSc (1.13±0.08 m.s
− 1
) while blood lactate concentration (mmol.L
− 1
) was similar between the 2 conditions (4.3±1.1 and 4.4±1.5, respectively). The increase in SR and decreases in DS and SI were significant during MLSSi, 102.5% MLSSc and 102.5% MLSSi. During MLSSc, DS also decreased significantly (− 3.6%) but with no change in SR or SI. Thus, stroking technique of regional-level competitive swimmers changes over time when they swim at or above MLSS. This is the case during both continuous and intermittent swimming, despite steady state blood lactate concentrations.</abstract><cop>Stuttgart · New York</cop><pub>Georg Thieme Verlag KG</pub><pmid>22592544</pmid><doi>10.1055/s-0031-1298003</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0172-4622 1439-3964 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Thieme Connect Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aerobics Analysis Athletes Biological and medical sciences Competition Exercise - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Lactic acid Lactic Acid - blood Male Speed Sports medicine Steady state Swimming (swimmers) Swimming - physiology Techniques Training & Testing Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports Young Adult |
| title | Stroking Parameters during Continuous and Intermittent Exercise in Regional-Level Competitive Swimmers |
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