Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test
Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the developmental change in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory (VSWM) in typically developed children using a specially designed Advanced Trail Making Test for children (ATMT-C). Methods: We developed a new method for evaluating VSWM efficiency in child...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979) 2012-11, Vol.34 (10), p.799-805 |
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| container_title | Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979) |
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| creator | Kokubo, Naomi Inagaki, Masumi Gunji, Atsuko Kobayashi, Tomoka Ohta, Hidenobu Kajimoto, Osami Kaga, Makiko |
| description | Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the developmental change in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory (VSWM) in typically developed children using a specially designed Advanced Trail Making Test for children (ATMT-C). Methods: We developed a new method for evaluating VSWM efficiency in children using a modified version ATMT to suit their shorter sustained attention. The ATMT-C consists of two parts; a number-based ATMT and a hiragana (Japanese phonogram)-based ATMT, both employing symbols familiar to young children. A total of 94 healthy participants (6–28 years of age) were enrolled in this study. Results: A non-linear developmental change of VSWM efficiency was observed in the results from the ATMT-C. In the number-based ATMT, children under 8 years of age showed a relatively rapid increase in VSWM efficiency while older children (9–12 years) had a more gradual increase in VSWM efficiency. Results from the hiragana-based ATMT-C showed a slightly delayed increase pattern in VSWM efficiency compared to the pattern from the number-based ATMT. There were no significant differences in VSWM efficiency for gender, handedness and test order. Interpretation: VSWM in children gradually matures in a non steady-state manner and there is an important stage for VSWM maturation before reaching 12 years of age. VSWM efficiency may also vary depending on developmental condition of its cognitive subsystems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.001 |
| format | Article |
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Methods: We developed a new method for evaluating VSWM efficiency in children using a modified version ATMT to suit their shorter sustained attention. The ATMT-C consists of two parts; a number-based ATMT and a hiragana (Japanese phonogram)-based ATMT, both employing symbols familiar to young children. A total of 94 healthy participants (6–28 years of age) were enrolled in this study. Results: A non-linear developmental change of VSWM efficiency was observed in the results from the ATMT-C. In the number-based ATMT, children under 8 years of age showed a relatively rapid increase in VSWM efficiency while older children (9–12 years) had a more gradual increase in VSWM efficiency. Results from the hiragana-based ATMT-C showed a slightly delayed increase pattern in VSWM efficiency compared to the pattern from the number-based ATMT. There were no significant differences in VSWM efficiency for gender, handedness and test order. Interpretation: VSWM in children gradually matures in a non steady-state manner and there is an important stage for VSWM maturation before reaching 12 years of age. VSWM efficiency may also vary depending on developmental condition of its cognitive subsystems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0387-7604</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7131</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22398277</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Attention ; Brain - growth & development ; Child ; Development ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term - physiology ; Neurology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Trail Making Test ; Visual Perception - physiology ; Visuo-spatial ; Working Memory ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979), 2012-11, Vol.34 (10), p.799-805</ispartof><rights>The Japanese Society of Child Neurology</rights><rights>2012 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c513t-3b8acc405d7d0e472f230b4dda90a6796e5f19d846f9c5ddde7005f582e2b56f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c513t-3b8acc405d7d0e472f230b4dda90a6796e5f19d846f9c5ddde7005f582e2b56f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.001$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398277$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kokubo, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inagaki, Masumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gunji, Atsuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobayashi, Tomoka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohta, Hidenobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kajimoto, Osami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaga, Makiko</creatorcontrib><title>Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test</title><title>Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979)</title><addtitle>Brain Dev</addtitle><description>Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the developmental change in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory (VSWM) in typically developed children using a specially designed Advanced Trail Making Test for children (ATMT-C). Methods: We developed a new method for evaluating VSWM efficiency in children using a modified version ATMT to suit their shorter sustained attention. The ATMT-C consists of two parts; a number-based ATMT and a hiragana (Japanese phonogram)-based ATMT, both employing symbols familiar to young children. A total of 94 healthy participants (6–28 years of age) were enrolled in this study. Results: A non-linear developmental change of VSWM efficiency was observed in the results from the ATMT-C. In the number-based ATMT, children under 8 years of age showed a relatively rapid increase in VSWM efficiency while older children (9–12 years) had a more gradual increase in VSWM efficiency. Results from the hiragana-based ATMT-C showed a slightly delayed increase pattern in VSWM efficiency compared to the pattern from the number-based ATMT. There were no significant differences in VSWM efficiency for gender, handedness and test order. Interpretation: VSWM in children gradually matures in a non steady-state manner and there is an important stage for VSWM maturation before reaching 12 years of age. VSWM efficiency may also vary depending on developmental condition of its cognitive subsystems.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Brain - growth & development</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Development</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory, Short-Term - physiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Task Performance and Analysis</subject><subject>Trail Making Test</subject><subject>Visual Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Visuo-spatial</subject><subject>Working Memory</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0387-7604</issn><issn>1872-7131</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1u1DAUhS0EokPhFSov2WTqnyROWCCqlgJSEUIMa8uxb2Y8dezBToJmxavjMC0LNkhXsmV95x77-CJ0QcmaElpf7tddVNYbmNeMULYmuQh9gla0EawQlNOnaEV4IwpRk_IMvUhpTzLBKHmOzhjjbcOEWKFfNzCDC4cB_Kgc1jvlt4BDj2ebplCkgxptPv8Z4r31WzzAEOIRW59J60wE_wZ_nZQf7ZjBGTDMyk15GzwedzFM2x1WHl-ZWXkNBm_ypR3-rP4020AaX6JnvXIJXj2s5-j77fvN9cfi7suHT9dXd4WuKB8L3jVK65JURhgCpWA946QrjVEtUbVoa6h62pqmrPtWV8YYEIRUfdUwYF1V9_wcvT71PcTwY8rGcrBJg3PKQ5iSpIwL0pSc04zWJ1THkFKEXh6iHVQ8SkrkEr7cy8fw5RK-JLnIIrx48Ji6Acxf2WPaGXh3AiC_dLYQZdIWlmBsBD1KE-z_Pd7-00I7661W7h6OkPZhij7nKKlMWSC_LSOwTABl-fc5Z_w3Qm2wbw</recordid><startdate>20121101</startdate><enddate>20121101</enddate><creator>Kokubo, Naomi</creator><creator>Inagaki, Masumi</creator><creator>Gunji, Atsuko</creator><creator>Kobayashi, Tomoka</creator><creator>Ohta, Hidenobu</creator><creator>Kajimoto, Osami</creator><creator>Kaga, Makiko</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121101</creationdate><title>Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test</title><author>Kokubo, Naomi ; Inagaki, Masumi ; Gunji, Atsuko ; Kobayashi, Tomoka ; Ohta, Hidenobu ; Kajimoto, Osami ; Kaga, Makiko</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c513t-3b8acc405d7d0e472f230b4dda90a6796e5f19d846f9c5ddde7005f582e2b56f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Brain - growth & development</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Development</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory, Short-Term - physiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Task Performance and Analysis</topic><topic>Trail Making Test</topic><topic>Visual Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Visuo-spatial</topic><topic>Working Memory</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kokubo, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inagaki, Masumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gunji, Atsuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobayashi, Tomoka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohta, Hidenobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kajimoto, Osami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaga, Makiko</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kokubo, Naomi</au><au>Inagaki, Masumi</au><au>Gunji, Atsuko</au><au>Kobayashi, Tomoka</au><au>Ohta, Hidenobu</au><au>Kajimoto, Osami</au><au>Kaga, Makiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test</atitle><jtitle>Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979)</jtitle><addtitle>Brain Dev</addtitle><date>2012-11-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>799</spage><epage>805</epage><pages>799-805</pages><issn>0387-7604</issn><eissn>1872-7131</eissn><abstract>Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the developmental change in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory (VSWM) in typically developed children using a specially designed Advanced Trail Making Test for children (ATMT-C). 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Interpretation: VSWM in children gradually matures in a non steady-state manner and there is an important stage for VSWM maturation before reaching 12 years of age. VSWM efficiency may also vary depending on developmental condition of its cognitive subsystems.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>22398277</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.001</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Attention Brain - growth & development Child Development Female Humans Male Memory, Short-Term - physiology Neurology Task Performance and Analysis Trail Making Test Visual Perception - physiology Visuo-spatial Working Memory Young Adult |
| title | Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test |
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