Removal of hexavalent chromium by electrochemical reduction–precipitation: Investigation of process performance and reaction stoichiometry
[Display omitted] ▶ Lower pH favors Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). ▶ Maximum 10% Cr(VI) absorption on Cr(OH)3(s)/Fe(OH)3(s) sludge. ▶ PO43− has higher inhibiting effect to Cr(VI) reduction in comparison to Cl−, NO3− and SO42−. ▶ Cr(VI) reduction stoichiometry varies from 2.49 to 2.92. This work experi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Separation and purification technology 2011-01, Vol.76 (3), p.345-350 |
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| creator | Golder, Animes K. Chanda, Ajoy K. Samanta, Amar N. Ray, Subhabrata |
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▶ Lower pH favors Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). ▶ Maximum 10% Cr(VI) absorption on Cr(OH)3(s)/Fe(OH)3(s) sludge. ▶ PO43− has higher inhibiting effect to Cr(VI) reduction in comparison to Cl−, NO3− and SO42−. ▶ Cr(VI) reduction stoichiometry varies from 2.49 to 2.92.
This work experimentally investigates aqueous Cr(VI) reduction/removal by electrotreatment with mild steel electrode in a batch stirred reactor. Cr(VI) removal is due to simultaneous reduction to Cr(III) followed by precipitation and adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe(OH)3(s)/Cr(OH)3(s) sludge formed. Cr(VI) adsorbed on sludge increases to maximum 10% and decreases to negligible level with diminishing concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. Concentration of Cr(VI) can be decreased to its discharge limit (0.5mg/l) in a single process step without addition of any precipitating agent. The highest reduction rate of Cr(VI) was found to be 3.8mgl−1min−1 at lowest initial pH 2 at the beginning (treatment time |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.11.002 |
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▶ Lower pH favors Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). ▶ Maximum 10% Cr(VI) absorption on Cr(OH)3(s)/Fe(OH)3(s) sludge. ▶ PO43− has higher inhibiting effect to Cr(VI) reduction in comparison to Cl−, NO3− and SO42−. ▶ Cr(VI) reduction stoichiometry varies from 2.49 to 2.92.
This work experimentally investigates aqueous Cr(VI) reduction/removal by electrotreatment with mild steel electrode in a batch stirred reactor. Cr(VI) removal is due to simultaneous reduction to Cr(III) followed by precipitation and adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe(OH)3(s)/Cr(OH)3(s) sludge formed. Cr(VI) adsorbed on sludge increases to maximum 10% and decreases to negligible level with diminishing concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. Concentration of Cr(VI) can be decreased to its discharge limit (0.5mg/l) in a single process step without addition of any precipitating agent. The highest reduction rate of Cr(VI) was found to be 3.8mgl−1min−1 at lowest initial pH 2 at the beginning (treatment time <1min) of the run, but Cr(III) in solution remains high due to its high solubility. The Cr(VI) reduction rate varies between 1.38 and 0.89mgl−1min−1 at higher initial pH (4.9–10). Among the anions Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and PO43−, PO43− is found to inhibit Cr(VI) reduction significantly by around 27% as it enhances oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved oxygen. Stoichiometry of Cr(VI) reduction was experimentally determined at lower pH (2–3.1) range, where oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved oxygen and its precipitation can be neglected. Against stoichiometric ratio of ∼3 in case of reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II), the observed overall molar ratio varies from 2.49 to 2.92. Participation of Fe0 on the electrode surface(s) in reducing Cr(VI) and accumulation of deposit on electrodes explain the observations including progressive variation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1383-5866</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3794</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.11.002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; anions ; Applied sciences ; Chemical engineering ; chlorides ; chromium ; Cr(VI) adsorption ; Cr(VI) reduction ; Current efficiency ; Dissolution ; dissolved oxygen ; electrochemistry ; Electrode deposit ; Electrodes ; Exact sciences and technology ; iron ; nitrates ; Oxidation ; phosphates ; Precipitation ; Reactors ; Reduction ; Sludge ; solubility ; steel ; Stoichiometry</subject><ispartof>Separation and purification technology, 2011-01, Vol.76 (3), p.345-350</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-90c1237d54ea5c6639f109480635d065119edde36a989fe6c13a50fa07d507413</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-90c1237d54ea5c6639f109480635d065119edde36a989fe6c13a50fa07d507413</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586610004491$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23730345$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Golder, Animes K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chanda, Ajoy K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samanta, Amar N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Subhabrata</creatorcontrib><title>Removal of hexavalent chromium by electrochemical reduction–precipitation: Investigation of process performance and reaction stoichiometry</title><title>Separation and purification technology</title><description>[Display omitted]
▶ Lower pH favors Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). ▶ Maximum 10% Cr(VI) absorption on Cr(OH)3(s)/Fe(OH)3(s) sludge. ▶ PO43− has higher inhibiting effect to Cr(VI) reduction in comparison to Cl−, NO3− and SO42−. ▶ Cr(VI) reduction stoichiometry varies from 2.49 to 2.92.
This work experimentally investigates aqueous Cr(VI) reduction/removal by electrotreatment with mild steel electrode in a batch stirred reactor. Cr(VI) removal is due to simultaneous reduction to Cr(III) followed by precipitation and adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe(OH)3(s)/Cr(OH)3(s) sludge formed. Cr(VI) adsorbed on sludge increases to maximum 10% and decreases to negligible level with diminishing concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. Concentration of Cr(VI) can be decreased to its discharge limit (0.5mg/l) in a single process step without addition of any precipitating agent. The highest reduction rate of Cr(VI) was found to be 3.8mgl−1min−1 at lowest initial pH 2 at the beginning (treatment time <1min) of the run, but Cr(III) in solution remains high due to its high solubility. The Cr(VI) reduction rate varies between 1.38 and 0.89mgl−1min−1 at higher initial pH (4.9–10). Among the anions Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and PO43−, PO43− is found to inhibit Cr(VI) reduction significantly by around 27% as it enhances oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved oxygen. Stoichiometry of Cr(VI) reduction was experimentally determined at lower pH (2–3.1) range, where oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved oxygen and its precipitation can be neglected. Against stoichiometric ratio of ∼3 in case of reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II), the observed overall molar ratio varies from 2.49 to 2.92. Participation of Fe0 on the electrode surface(s) in reducing Cr(VI) and accumulation of deposit on electrodes explain the observations including progressive variation.</description><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>anions</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Chemical engineering</subject><subject>chlorides</subject><subject>chromium</subject><subject>Cr(VI) adsorption</subject><subject>Cr(VI) reduction</subject><subject>Current efficiency</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electrode deposit</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>iron</subject><subject>nitrates</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>phosphates</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Reactors</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>solubility</subject><subject>steel</subject><subject>Stoichiometry</subject><issn>1383-5866</issn><issn>1873-3794</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM-K1TAUxosoOI6-gWA2gptec5ombV0IMvhnYEBQZx1iejI3l7apSXqZu_MB3PmGPomn08Glq5yE7_vOl19RPAe-Aw7q9WGXcJ6XuKv4-gQ7zqsHxRm0jShF09UPaRatKGWr1OPiSUoHzqGBtjorfn3BMRzNwIJje7w1NOKUmd3HMPplZN9PDAe0OQa7x9FbUkbsF5t9mP78_D1HtH722az3N-xyOmLK_ubuukbO5MOU2IzRhTiaySIzU08Z5i6CpRy83fswYo6np8UjZ4aEz-7P8-L6w_tvF5_Kq88fLy_eXZW2ll0uO26hEk0vazTSKiU6B7yrW66E7LmSAB32PQplurZzqCwII7kznCy8qUGcF6-2XKr3Y6HGevTJ4jCYCcOSNFQVtIpDtUrrTWpjSCmi03P0o4knDVyv8PVBb_D1Cl8DaIJPtpf3G0wiZi7Sz33656X2gotaku7FpnMmaHMTSXP9lYIkX7erdk16uymQgBw9Rp2sR-LYe2KfdR_8_6v8BUNPqjA</recordid><startdate>20110114</startdate><enddate>20110114</enddate><creator>Golder, Animes K.</creator><creator>Chanda, Ajoy K.</creator><creator>Samanta, Amar N.</creator><creator>Ray, Subhabrata</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110114</creationdate><title>Removal of hexavalent chromium by electrochemical reduction–precipitation: Investigation of process performance and reaction stoichiometry</title><author>Golder, Animes K. ; Chanda, Ajoy K. ; Samanta, Amar N. ; Ray, Subhabrata</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-90c1237d54ea5c6639f109480635d065119edde36a989fe6c13a50fa07d507413</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>anions</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Chemical engineering</topic><topic>chlorides</topic><topic>chromium</topic><topic>Cr(VI) adsorption</topic><topic>Cr(VI) reduction</topic><topic>Current efficiency</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>dissolved oxygen</topic><topic>electrochemistry</topic><topic>Electrode deposit</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>iron</topic><topic>nitrates</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>phosphates</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Reactors</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>solubility</topic><topic>steel</topic><topic>Stoichiometry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Golder, Animes K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chanda, Ajoy K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samanta, Amar N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Subhabrata</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Separation and purification technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Golder, Animes K.</au><au>Chanda, Ajoy K.</au><au>Samanta, Amar N.</au><au>Ray, Subhabrata</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Removal of hexavalent chromium by electrochemical reduction–precipitation: Investigation of process performance and reaction stoichiometry</atitle><jtitle>Separation and purification technology</jtitle><date>2011-01-14</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>345</spage><epage>350</epage><pages>345-350</pages><issn>1383-5866</issn><eissn>1873-3794</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
▶ Lower pH favors Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). ▶ Maximum 10% Cr(VI) absorption on Cr(OH)3(s)/Fe(OH)3(s) sludge. ▶ PO43− has higher inhibiting effect to Cr(VI) reduction in comparison to Cl−, NO3− and SO42−. ▶ Cr(VI) reduction stoichiometry varies from 2.49 to 2.92.
This work experimentally investigates aqueous Cr(VI) reduction/removal by electrotreatment with mild steel electrode in a batch stirred reactor. Cr(VI) removal is due to simultaneous reduction to Cr(III) followed by precipitation and adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe(OH)3(s)/Cr(OH)3(s) sludge formed. Cr(VI) adsorbed on sludge increases to maximum 10% and decreases to negligible level with diminishing concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. Concentration of Cr(VI) can be decreased to its discharge limit (0.5mg/l) in a single process step without addition of any precipitating agent. The highest reduction rate of Cr(VI) was found to be 3.8mgl−1min−1 at lowest initial pH 2 at the beginning (treatment time <1min) of the run, but Cr(III) in solution remains high due to its high solubility. The Cr(VI) reduction rate varies between 1.38 and 0.89mgl−1min−1 at higher initial pH (4.9–10). Among the anions Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and PO43−, PO43− is found to inhibit Cr(VI) reduction significantly by around 27% as it enhances oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved oxygen. Stoichiometry of Cr(VI) reduction was experimentally determined at lower pH (2–3.1) range, where oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved oxygen and its precipitation can be neglected. Against stoichiometric ratio of ∼3 in case of reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II), the observed overall molar ratio varies from 2.49 to 2.92. Participation of Fe0 on the electrode surface(s) in reducing Cr(VI) and accumulation of deposit on electrodes explain the observations including progressive variation.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.seppur.2010.11.002</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adsorption anions Applied sciences Chemical engineering chlorides chromium Cr(VI) adsorption Cr(VI) reduction Current efficiency Dissolution dissolved oxygen electrochemistry Electrode deposit Electrodes Exact sciences and technology iron nitrates Oxidation phosphates Precipitation Reactors Reduction Sludge solubility steel Stoichiometry |
| title | Removal of hexavalent chromium by electrochemical reduction–precipitation: Investigation of process performance and reaction stoichiometry |
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