Comparative energetics of mammalian locomotion: Humans are not different

Debates about the evolution of human bipedality sometimes include discussion on the energy costs of terrestrial locomotion of extinct and extant hominins. However, comparative analyses of hominin transport costs conducted to date have been limited and potentially misinforming, in part because they f...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of human evolution 2012-11, Vol.63 (5), p.718-722
Hauptverfasser: Halsey, L.G., White, C.R.
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description Debates about the evolution of human bipedality sometimes include discussion on the energy costs of terrestrial locomotion of extinct and extant hominins. However, comparative analyses of hominin transport costs conducted to date have been limited and potentially misinforming, in part because they fail to consider phylogenetic history. In the present study, we compare the measured costs of pedestrian locomotion in humans and the estimated costs for Australopithecus afarensis (an early bipedal hominin), to a database of locomotory costs for mammals. Using data for 81 species of mammal, we demonstrate significant phylogenetic signal in both log-transformed body mass (logMass) and log-transformed net cost of transport (logNCOT), but no phylogenetic signal in residuals of the relationship between logNCOT and logMass. We then used this relationship to generate a prediction line for NCOT based on body mass, and compared this prediction with published measured data for NCOT of running and walking in humans, and estimated NCOT of walking in A. afarensis. The cost of human walking was 25% lower than predicted, while the cost of running was 27% higher. The cost of A. afarensis walking was 32% lower than predicted. However, all of these data points fall within the 95% prediction interval for mammals, indicating that they are not significantly lower or higher than predicted for other mammals of similar mass. Moreover, the difference between humans and our closest living relative the common chimpanzee is comparable to differences between other similarly closely related species. We therefore conclude that there is no evidence from metabolic data that humans, or A. afarensis, have/had a reduced energy cost of pedestrian locomotion compared to other mammals in general.
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The cost of human walking was 25% lower than predicted, while the cost of running was 27% higher. The cost of A. afarensis walking was 32% lower than predicted. However, all of these data points fall within the 95% prediction interval for mammals, indicating that they are not significantly lower or higher than predicted for other mammals of similar mass. Moreover, the difference between humans and our closest living relative the common chimpanzee is comparable to differences between other similarly closely related species. We therefore conclude that there is no evidence from metabolic data that humans, or A. afarensis, have/had a reduced energy cost of pedestrian locomotion compared to other mammals in general.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Australopithecines</subject><subject>Australopithecus afarensis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological evolution</subject><subject>Bipedal locomotion</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</subject><subject>Hominidae - metabolism</subject><subject>Hominidae - physiology</subject><subject>Human energetics</subject><subject>Human evolution</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Locomotion</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Metabolic rate</subject><subject>Oxygen consumption</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes</subject><subject>Pedestrians</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Running</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Transport</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. 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subjects Animals
Australopithecines
Australopithecus afarensis
Biological and medical sciences
Biological evolution
Bipedal locomotion
Body mass
Body weight
Comparative analysis
Data processing
Energy
Energy Metabolism - physiology
Evolution
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Hominidae - metabolism
Hominidae - physiology
Human energetics
Human evolution
Humans
Locomotion
Mammals
Metabolic rate
Oxygen consumption
Oxygen Consumption - physiology
Pan troglodytes
Pedestrians
Phylogeny
Running
Species
Transport
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
Walking
Walking - physiology
title Comparative energetics of mammalian locomotion: Humans are not different
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