Effect of a native forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in China’s Qinling Mountains
This study investigated the effect of a pine/oak forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in the Qinling Mountains. The area is an important water source for China’s North-to-South Water Transfer Project. Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at the Huoditang Natural Forest in 1999, 2004, and 2...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2012-11, Vol.67 (5), p.1503-1513 |
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| description | This study investigated the effect of a pine/oak forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in the Qinling Mountains. The area is an important water source for China’s North-to-South Water Transfer Project. Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at the Huoditang Natural Forest in 1999, 2004, and 2009. Analyses of the samples indicated that the forest canopy had several important effects on rainfall chemistry. Rainfall pH generally increased as water passed through the canopy. On average, the rainfall pH increased by 0.54 pH units. The canopy’s effect declined after deciduous trees lost their leaves late in the sampling season. Rainfall NO
3
−
concentrations generally declined as water passed through the forest canopy, but PO
4
3−
concentrations generally increased. On average, rainfall NO
3
−
concentration declined by 0.135 mg/L as it passed though the forest canopy and PO
4
3−
increased by 0.85 mg/L. The forest canopy had a mitigating effect on the base cation content of throughfall. Specifically, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were leached from the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was low. In contrast, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were absorbed by the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was high. The pH of rainfall, as well as its K
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
+
concentration, influenced the effect of the forest canopy on the base cation content of throughfall. The concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in rainfall generally decreased as water passed through the forest canopy, but the concentration of Fe in rainfall generally increased. The Cd concentration decreased by an average of 3.938 μg/L, the Pb concentration decreased by an average of 8.457 μg/L, and the Zn concentration decreased by an average of 0.986 mg/L. The Fe concentration increased by an average of 0.009 mg/L. The canopy’s ability to absorb Cd declined after several rainfall events in which rainfall Cd concentrations were relatively high. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-012-1594-2 |
| format | Article |
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3
−
concentrations generally declined as water passed through the forest canopy, but PO
4
3−
concentrations generally increased. On average, rainfall NO
3
−
concentration declined by 0.135 mg/L as it passed though the forest canopy and PO
4
3−
increased by 0.85 mg/L. The forest canopy had a mitigating effect on the base cation content of throughfall. Specifically, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were leached from the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was low. In contrast, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were absorbed by the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was high. The pH of rainfall, as well as its K
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
+
concentration, influenced the effect of the forest canopy on the base cation content of throughfall. The concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in rainfall generally decreased as water passed through the forest canopy, but the concentration of Fe in rainfall generally increased. The Cd concentration decreased by an average of 3.938 μg/L, the Pb concentration decreased by an average of 8.457 μg/L, and the Zn concentration decreased by an average of 0.986 mg/L. The Fe concentration increased by an average of 0.009 mg/L. The canopy’s ability to absorb Cd declined after several rainfall events in which rainfall Cd concentrations were relatively high.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-012-1594-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Biogeosciences ; Canopies ; Cations ; Chemistry ; Deciduous trees ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Forests ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Mountains ; Original Article ; Rainfall ; Rainfall measurement ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Throughfall ; Water transfer</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2012-11, Vol.67 (5), p.1503-1513</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-a82ad354107721e35159633923592e71d9a33598dc96d7f4a8e27fc4c287388c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-a82ad354107721e35159633923592e71d9a33598dc96d7f4a8e27fc4c287388c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-012-1594-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-012-1594-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Shengli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Cuiping</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of a native forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in China’s Qinling Mountains</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>This study investigated the effect of a pine/oak forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in the Qinling Mountains. The area is an important water source for China’s North-to-South Water Transfer Project. Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at the Huoditang Natural Forest in 1999, 2004, and 2009. Analyses of the samples indicated that the forest canopy had several important effects on rainfall chemistry. Rainfall pH generally increased as water passed through the canopy. On average, the rainfall pH increased by 0.54 pH units. The canopy’s effect declined after deciduous trees lost their leaves late in the sampling season. Rainfall NO
3
−
concentrations generally declined as water passed through the forest canopy, but PO
4
3−
concentrations generally increased. On average, rainfall NO
3
−
concentration declined by 0.135 mg/L as it passed though the forest canopy and PO
4
3−
increased by 0.85 mg/L. The forest canopy had a mitigating effect on the base cation content of throughfall. Specifically, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were leached from the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was low. In contrast, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were absorbed by the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was high. The pH of rainfall, as well as its K
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
+
concentration, influenced the effect of the forest canopy on the base cation content of throughfall. The concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in rainfall generally decreased as water passed through the forest canopy, but the concentration of Fe in rainfall generally increased. The Cd concentration decreased by an average of 3.938 μg/L, the Pb concentration decreased by an average of 8.457 μg/L, and the Zn concentration decreased by an average of 0.986 mg/L. The Fe concentration increased by an average of 0.009 mg/L. The canopy’s ability to absorb Cd declined after several rainfall events in which rainfall Cd concentrations were relatively high.</description><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Canopies</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Deciduous trees</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Mountains</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Rainfall measurement</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Throughfall</subject><subject>Water transfer</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM1KAzEUhQdRsNQ-gLuAGzejuclMfpZS6g9URLDrEDJJO2Wa1GQqdOdr-Ho-iSkjIoJ3c8_iO4fDKYpzwFeAMb9OQBirSwykhFpWJTkqRiAYKxmR8vhHC3xaTFJa43wUqMRsVCxmzlnTo-CQRl737ZtFLkSbemS0D9s9Ch5F3Xqnuw6Zld20qY971Ho0XbVef75_JPTc-q71S_QYdr7PbDorTjKf7OT7j4vF7exlel_On-4epjfz0tBK9qUWRDe0rgBzTsDSOrdnlEpCa0ksh0ZqmqVojGQNd5UWlnBnKkMEp0IYOi4uh9xtDK-7XFrlesZ2nfY27JIC4CBkZklGL_6g67CLPrfLFBBgGEBmCgbKxJBStE5tY7vRca8Aq8PWatha5a3VYWt1SCaDJ2XWL238lfyv6QsEnn_m</recordid><startdate>20121101</startdate><enddate>20121101</enddate><creator>Zhang, Shengli</creator><creator>Liang, Cuiping</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QH</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121101</creationdate><title>Effect of a native forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in China’s Qinling Mountains</title><author>Zhang, Shengli ; Liang, Cuiping</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-a82ad354107721e35159633923592e71d9a33598dc96d7f4a8e27fc4c287388c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Canopies</topic><topic>Cations</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Deciduous trees</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Mountains</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Rainfall measurement</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Throughfall</topic><topic>Water transfer</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Shengli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Cuiping</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Shengli</au><au>Liang, Cuiping</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of a native forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in China’s Qinling Mountains</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2012-11-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>67</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1503</spage><epage>1513</epage><pages>1503-1513</pages><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>This study investigated the effect of a pine/oak forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in the Qinling Mountains. The area is an important water source for China’s North-to-South Water Transfer Project. Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at the Huoditang Natural Forest in 1999, 2004, and 2009. Analyses of the samples indicated that the forest canopy had several important effects on rainfall chemistry. Rainfall pH generally increased as water passed through the canopy. On average, the rainfall pH increased by 0.54 pH units. The canopy’s effect declined after deciduous trees lost their leaves late in the sampling season. Rainfall NO
3
−
concentrations generally declined as water passed through the forest canopy, but PO
4
3−
concentrations generally increased. On average, rainfall NO
3
−
concentration declined by 0.135 mg/L as it passed though the forest canopy and PO
4
3−
increased by 0.85 mg/L. The forest canopy had a mitigating effect on the base cation content of throughfall. Specifically, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were leached from the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was low. In contrast, K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were absorbed by the canopy when the concentration of these cations in rainfall was high. The pH of rainfall, as well as its K
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
+
concentration, influenced the effect of the forest canopy on the base cation content of throughfall. The concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in rainfall generally decreased as water passed through the forest canopy, but the concentration of Fe in rainfall generally increased. The Cd concentration decreased by an average of 3.938 μg/L, the Pb concentration decreased by an average of 8.457 μg/L, and the Zn concentration decreased by an average of 0.986 mg/L. The Fe concentration increased by an average of 0.009 mg/L. The canopy’s ability to absorb Cd declined after several rainfall events in which rainfall Cd concentrations were relatively high.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-012-1594-2</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1866-6280 |
| ispartof | Environmental earth sciences, 2012-11, Vol.67 (5), p.1503-1513 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Biogeosciences Canopies Cations Chemistry Deciduous trees Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Forests Geochemistry Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Mountains Original Article Rainfall Rainfall measurement Terrestrial Pollution Throughfall Water transfer |
| title | Effect of a native forest canopy on rainfall chemistry in China’s Qinling Mountains |
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