Wind effects on bounding flight
The effects of the wind on the energy expenditure of bounding flight and on the travelling speed are dealt with. For this purpose, a mathematical model of bounding flight in moving air is developed. Introducing an appropriate non-dimensionalization, results and findings of generally valid nature are...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of theoretical biology 2013-01, Vol.316, p.35-41 |
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| container_title | Journal of theoretical biology |
| container_volume | 316 |
| creator | Sachs, Gottfried |
| description | The effects of the wind on the energy expenditure of bounding flight and on the travelling speed are dealt with. For this purpose, a mathematical model of bounding flight in moving air is developed. Introducing an appropriate non-dimensionalization, results and findings of generally valid nature are derived. It is shown that bounding flight yields a flight mechanical advantage in headwinds when compared with continuous flapping flight. This is because the minimum energy expenditure is lower and the associated travelling speed is higher. The body lift in the bound phase has an advantageous influence. The effects of tailwinds yield less differences between bounding flight and continuous flapping flight.
► A mathematical model of bounding flight in moving air is developed. ► With non-dimensionalization and scaling, generally valid results are derived. ► Bounding flight is shown to be superior to continuous flapping flight in headwinds. ► The minimum energy expenditure is lower and the associated speed higher. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.039 |
| format | Article |
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► A mathematical model of bounding flight in moving air is developed. ► With non-dimensionalization and scaling, generally valid results are derived. ► Bounding flight is shown to be superior to continuous flapping flight in headwinds. ► The minimum energy expenditure is lower and the associated speed higher.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5193</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-8541</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.039</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22981923</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acceleration ; Air ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology ; Birds - anatomy & histology ; Birds - metabolism ; Birds - physiology ; Body lift ; Body Weight - physiology ; Energy expenditure ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Humans ; Intermittent flight ; Models, Theoretical ; Movement - physiology ; Travelling speed ; Weight-Bearing - physiology ; Wind ; Wind effect ; Wings, Animal - metabolism ; Wings, Animal - physiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of theoretical biology, 2013-01, Vol.316, p.35-41</ispartof><rights>2012</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-96a4c3a5eccaa33810c950eec1a1f02d4eb36362cab453f0793211fb8c7de8c83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-96a4c3a5eccaa33810c950eec1a1f02d4eb36362cab453f0793211fb8c7de8c83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519312004614$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981923$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sachs, Gottfried</creatorcontrib><title>Wind effects on bounding flight</title><title>Journal of theoretical biology</title><addtitle>J Theor Biol</addtitle><description>The effects of the wind on the energy expenditure of bounding flight and on the travelling speed are dealt with. For this purpose, a mathematical model of bounding flight in moving air is developed. Introducing an appropriate non-dimensionalization, results and findings of generally valid nature are derived. It is shown that bounding flight yields a flight mechanical advantage in headwinds when compared with continuous flapping flight. This is because the minimum energy expenditure is lower and the associated travelling speed is higher. The body lift in the bound phase has an advantageous influence. The effects of tailwinds yield less differences between bounding flight and continuous flapping flight.
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► A mathematical model of bounding flight in moving air is developed. ► With non-dimensionalization and scaling, generally valid results are derived. ► Bounding flight is shown to be superior to continuous flapping flight in headwinds. ► The minimum energy expenditure is lower and the associated speed higher.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>22981923</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.039</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-5193 |
| ispartof | Journal of theoretical biology, 2013-01, Vol.316, p.35-41 |
| issn | 0022-5193 1095-8541 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Acceleration Air Animals Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology Birds - anatomy & histology Birds - metabolism Birds - physiology Body lift Body Weight - physiology Energy expenditure Energy Metabolism - physiology Flight, Animal Humans Intermittent flight Models, Theoretical Movement - physiology Travelling speed Weight-Bearing - physiology Wind Wind effect Wings, Animal - metabolism Wings, Animal - physiology |
| title | Wind effects on bounding flight |
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