Transposable Elements: An Abundant and Natural Source of Regulatory Sequences for Host Genes
The fact that transposable elements (TEs) can influence host gene expression was first recognized more than 50 years ago. However, since that time, TEs have been widely regarded as harmful genetic parasites-selfish elements that are rarely co-opted by the genome to serve a beneficial role. Here, we...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annual review of genetics 2012-01, Vol.46 (1), p.21-42 |
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| container_title | Annual review of genetics |
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| creator | Rebollo, Rita Romanish, Mark T Mager, Dixie L |
| description | The fact that transposable elements (TEs) can influence host gene expression was first recognized more than 50 years ago. However, since that time, TEs have been widely regarded as harmful genetic parasites-selfish elements that are rarely co-opted by the genome to serve a beneficial role. Here, we survey recent findings that relate to TE impact on host genes and remind the reader that TEs, in contrast to other noncoding parts of the genome, are uniquely suited to gene regulatory functions. We review recent studies that demonstrate the role of TEs in establishing and rewiring gene regulatory networks and discuss the overall ubiquity of exaptation. We suggest that although individuals within a population can be harmed by the deleterious effects of new TE insertions, the presence of TE sequences in a genome is of overall benefit to the population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155621 |
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All rights reserved 2012</rights><rights>Copyright Annual Reviews, Inc. 2012</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a539t-cd8bc08fa167f4d5af89e8345f666dd9d667302a9158be6a309469ab8c93d82d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a539t-cd8bc08fa167f4d5af89e8345f666dd9d667302a9158be6a309469ab8c93d82d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8138-5082</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155621?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gannualreviews$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155621$$EHTML$$P50$$Gannualreviews$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>70,230,314,776,780,881,4168,27901,27902,77997,77998</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22905872$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652491$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rebollo, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romanish, Mark T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mager, Dixie L</creatorcontrib><title>Transposable Elements: An Abundant and Natural Source of Regulatory Sequences for Host Genes</title><title>Annual review of genetics</title><addtitle>Annu Rev Genet</addtitle><description>The fact that transposable elements (TEs) can influence host gene expression was first recognized more than 50 years ago. However, since that time, TEs have been widely regarded as harmful genetic parasites-selfish elements that are rarely co-opted by the genome to serve a beneficial role. Here, we survey recent findings that relate to TE impact on host genes and remind the reader that TEs, in contrast to other noncoding parts of the genome, are uniquely suited to gene regulatory functions. We review recent studies that demonstrate the role of TEs in establishing and rewiring gene regulatory networks and discuss the overall ubiquity of exaptation. We suggest that although individuals within a population can be harmed by the deleterious effects of new TE insertions, the presence of TE sequences in a genome is of overall benefit to the population.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Binding Sites</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA Transposable Elements</subject><subject>endogenous retroviruses</subject><subject>Epigenesis, Genetic</subject><subject>Evolution, Molecular</subject><subject>exaptation</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Regulatory Networks</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic Drift</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genetics, Population</subject><subject>Genome, Human</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>regulatory networks</subject><subject>Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>retrotransposons</subject><subject>transcription factors</subject><subject>Transcriptional Activation</subject><issn>0066-4197</issn><issn>1545-2948</issn><issn>0066-4197</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkU9rFDEYh4Modq1-BQn0oofRvJlJJtGLS2m7wqJg600I70wydUs22SYzlX77Zp21By_iKRCe9_f-eQg5AfYOoJHvMYQpubvq2gU3VgCsBahACMnhCVmAaETFdaOekgVjUlYN6PaIvMj5hjHWtFw8J0ecayZUyxfkx1XCkHcxY-cdPfNu68KYP9BloMtuChbDSDFY-gXHKaGnl3FKvaNxoN_c9eRxjOmeXrrbyYXeZTrERFcxj_SiDJdfkmcD-uxeHd5j8v387Op0Va2_Xnw-Xa4rFLUeq96qrmdqQJDt0FiBg9JO1Y0YpJTWaitlWzOOGoTqnMSa6UZq7FSva6u4rY_J2zn3J3qzS5stpnsTcWNWy7XZ_zEuBW803EFh38zsLsUydR7NdpN75z0GF6dsoOa1YqB5-28UROFAK1XQk7_Qm3KoUJaeKanLxQv1cab6FHNObngcFpjZuzUHt-a3WzO7NbPbUv360GPqts4-1v6RWYBPM7BPQV9yNu5X_q8eDx8Mt_A</recordid><startdate>20120101</startdate><enddate>20120101</enddate><creator>Rebollo, Rita</creator><creator>Romanish, Mark T</creator><creator>Mager, Dixie L</creator><general>Annual Reviews</general><general>Annual Reviews, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-5082</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20120101</creationdate><title>Transposable Elements: An Abundant and Natural Source of Regulatory Sequences for Host Genes</title><author>Rebollo, Rita ; Romanish, Mark T ; Mager, Dixie L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a539t-cd8bc08fa167f4d5af89e8345f666dd9d667302a9158be6a309469ab8c93d82d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Binding Sites</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA Transposable Elements</topic><topic>endogenous retroviruses</topic><topic>Epigenesis, Genetic</topic><topic>Evolution, Molecular</topic><topic>exaptation</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Regulatory Networks</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic Drift</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genetics, Population</topic><topic>Genome, Human</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>regulatory networks</topic><topic>Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>retrotransposons</topic><topic>transcription factors</topic><topic>Transcriptional Activation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rebollo, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romanish, Mark T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mager, Dixie L</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Annual review of genetics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rebollo, Rita</au><au>Romanish, Mark T</au><au>Mager, Dixie L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transposable Elements: An Abundant and Natural Source of Regulatory Sequences for Host Genes</atitle><jtitle>Annual review of genetics</jtitle><addtitle>Annu Rev Genet</addtitle><date>2012-01-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>21</spage><epage>42</epage><pages>21-42</pages><issn>0066-4197</issn><eissn>1545-2948</eissn><eissn>0066-4197</eissn><abstract>The fact that transposable elements (TEs) can influence host gene expression was first recognized more than 50 years ago. 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| subjects | Animals Binding Sites Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Transposable Elements endogenous retroviruses Epigenesis, Genetic Evolution, Molecular exaptation Gene expression Gene Regulatory Networks Genes Genetic Drift Genetics Genetics, Population Genome, Human Genomes Humans Life Sciences Mutation Parasites Promoter Regions, Genetic regulatory networks Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid retrotransposons transcription factors Transcriptional Activation |
| title | Transposable Elements: An Abundant and Natural Source of Regulatory Sequences for Host Genes |
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