Results of Schirmer tear test in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)
Purpose To determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test (STT) values in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama) Animals Nine captive llamas (Lama glama) (seven females and two males) were used in this study. Procedure Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical r...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary ophthalmology 2012-11, Vol.15 (6), p.383-385 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 385 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 383 |
| container_title | Veterinary ophthalmology |
| container_volume | 15 |
| creator | Trbolova, Alexandra Gionfriddo, Juliet R. Ghaffari, Masoud Selk |
| description | Purpose To determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test (STT) values in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)
Animals Nine captive llamas (Lama glama) (seven females and two males) were used in this study.
Procedure Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical restraint. STT I values were evaluated in both eyes of all llamas using a commercial STT strip of a single lot number (Schirmer‐Tränentest®, Germany). STT II value was also measured in both eyes of seven female llamas.
Results No statistically significant differences among ages or between right and left eyes were found for any of the results. The mean ± SD STT I of 18 eyes of nine llamas was 17.3 ± 1.1 mm/min (Range 15–19 mm/min). The mean ± SD STT II of 14 eyes of seven llamas was 15.4 ± 1.7 mm/min (Range 12.5–17.5 mm/min). A paired samples t‐test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the STT I and II values (P = 0.001).
Conclusion This study provides novel data for normal reference ranges of STT I and II values in healthy llamas. Results of this study may assist veterinarians in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease and syndromes affecting the tear film in these species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01002.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1139622049</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1139622049</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-ae131c48b251934ff5f67ae05277faf151dc20a7c59d1992e5192c0b375cb4e83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwC8jLskjwI85jwQIBbakqiigPqRvLcR1IcZJiJ6L9exxausYLz1hz78z4AAAx8rE7l0sfByH1GCGBTxAmPsIIEX99ALr7wuE-x2EHnFi7RAhRhqJj0HFlkoRJ3AWDJ2UbXVtYZXAmP3JTKANrJdrL1jAvodR5mUuh9QaWlSmEhlqLQljYn7gA39vHxSk4yoS26mwXe-BlcPd8M_Im0-H9zfXEk4xQ4gmFKZZBnBKGExpkGcvCSCjESBRlIsMMLyRBIpIsWeAkIcrJiEQpjZhMAxXTHuhv-65M9dW4DXmRW6ncRqWqGssxpklICAoSJ423Umkqa43K-MrkhTAbjhFvKfIlbwHxFhZvKfJfinztrOe7KU1aqMXe-IfNCa62gu9cq82_G_PX6WObOb-39ee2Vuu9X5hPHkbus_ztYcjHdD6az27HPKY_AliN3Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1139622049</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Results of Schirmer tear test in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Trbolova, Alexandra ; Gionfriddo, Juliet R. ; Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</creator><creatorcontrib>Trbolova, Alexandra ; Gionfriddo, Juliet R. ; Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose To determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test (STT) values in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)
Animals Nine captive llamas (Lama glama) (seven females and two males) were used in this study.
Procedure Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical restraint. STT I values were evaluated in both eyes of all llamas using a commercial STT strip of a single lot number (Schirmer‐Tränentest®, Germany). STT II value was also measured in both eyes of seven female llamas.
Results No statistically significant differences among ages or between right and left eyes were found for any of the results. The mean ± SD STT I of 18 eyes of nine llamas was 17.3 ± 1.1 mm/min (Range 15–19 mm/min). The mean ± SD STT II of 14 eyes of seven llamas was 15.4 ± 1.7 mm/min (Range 12.5–17.5 mm/min). A paired samples t‐test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the STT I and II values (P = 0.001).
Conclusion This study provides novel data for normal reference ranges of STT I and II values in healthy llamas. Results of this study may assist veterinarians in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease and syndromes affecting the tear film in these species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1463-5216</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1463-5224</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01002.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22429698</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; camel ; Camelids, New World - physiology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological - veterinary ; Female ; llamas (Lama glama) ; Male ; Reference Values ; Schirmer tear test ; tear production ; Tears - physiology</subject><ispartof>Veterinary ophthalmology, 2012-11, Vol.15 (6), p.383-385</ispartof><rights>2012 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists</rights><rights>2012 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-ae131c48b251934ff5f67ae05277faf151dc20a7c59d1992e5192c0b375cb4e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-ae131c48b251934ff5f67ae05277faf151dc20a7c59d1992e5192c0b375cb4e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1463-5224.2012.01002.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1463-5224.2012.01002.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22429698$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Trbolova, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gionfriddo, Juliet R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</creatorcontrib><title>Results of Schirmer tear test in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)</title><title>Veterinary ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Vet Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Purpose To determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test (STT) values in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)
Animals Nine captive llamas (Lama glama) (seven females and two males) were used in this study.
Procedure Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical restraint. STT I values were evaluated in both eyes of all llamas using a commercial STT strip of a single lot number (Schirmer‐Tränentest®, Germany). STT II value was also measured in both eyes of seven female llamas.
Results No statistically significant differences among ages or between right and left eyes were found for any of the results. The mean ± SD STT I of 18 eyes of nine llamas was 17.3 ± 1.1 mm/min (Range 15–19 mm/min). The mean ± SD STT II of 14 eyes of seven llamas was 15.4 ± 1.7 mm/min (Range 12.5–17.5 mm/min). A paired samples t‐test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the STT I and II values (P = 0.001).
Conclusion This study provides novel data for normal reference ranges of STT I and II values in healthy llamas. Results of this study may assist veterinarians in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease and syndromes affecting the tear film in these species.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>camel</subject><subject>Camelids, New World - physiology</subject><subject>Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological - veterinary</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>llamas (Lama glama)</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Schirmer tear test</subject><subject>tear production</subject><subject>Tears - physiology</subject><issn>1463-5216</issn><issn>1463-5224</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwC8jLskjwI85jwQIBbakqiigPqRvLcR1IcZJiJ6L9exxausYLz1hz78z4AAAx8rE7l0sfByH1GCGBTxAmPsIIEX99ALr7wuE-x2EHnFi7RAhRhqJj0HFlkoRJ3AWDJ2UbXVtYZXAmP3JTKANrJdrL1jAvodR5mUuh9QaWlSmEhlqLQljYn7gA39vHxSk4yoS26mwXe-BlcPd8M_Im0-H9zfXEk4xQ4gmFKZZBnBKGExpkGcvCSCjESBRlIsMMLyRBIpIsWeAkIcrJiEQpjZhMAxXTHuhv-65M9dW4DXmRW6ncRqWqGssxpklICAoSJ423Umkqa43K-MrkhTAbjhFvKfIlbwHxFhZvKfJfinztrOe7KU1aqMXe-IfNCa62gu9cq82_G_PX6WObOb-39ee2Vuu9X5hPHkbus_ztYcjHdD6az27HPKY_AliN3Q</recordid><startdate>201211</startdate><enddate>201211</enddate><creator>Trbolova, Alexandra</creator><creator>Gionfriddo, Juliet R.</creator><creator>Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201211</creationdate><title>Results of Schirmer tear test in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)</title><author>Trbolova, Alexandra ; Gionfriddo, Juliet R. ; Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-ae131c48b251934ff5f67ae05277faf151dc20a7c59d1992e5192c0b375cb4e83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>camel</topic><topic>Camelids, New World - physiology</topic><topic>Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological - veterinary</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>llamas (Lama glama)</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Schirmer tear test</topic><topic>tear production</topic><topic>Tears - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Trbolova, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gionfriddo, Juliet R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Veterinary ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Trbolova, Alexandra</au><au>Gionfriddo, Juliet R.</au><au>Ghaffari, Masoud Selk</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Results of Schirmer tear test in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary ophthalmology</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2012-11</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>383</spage><epage>385</epage><pages>383-385</pages><issn>1463-5216</issn><eissn>1463-5224</eissn><abstract>Purpose To determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test (STT) values in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama)
Animals Nine captive llamas (Lama glama) (seven females and two males) were used in this study.
Procedure Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical restraint. STT I values were evaluated in both eyes of all llamas using a commercial STT strip of a single lot number (Schirmer‐Tränentest®, Germany). STT II value was also measured in both eyes of seven female llamas.
Results No statistically significant differences among ages or between right and left eyes were found for any of the results. The mean ± SD STT I of 18 eyes of nine llamas was 17.3 ± 1.1 mm/min (Range 15–19 mm/min). The mean ± SD STT II of 14 eyes of seven llamas was 15.4 ± 1.7 mm/min (Range 12.5–17.5 mm/min). A paired samples t‐test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the STT I and II values (P = 0.001).
Conclusion This study provides novel data for normal reference ranges of STT I and II values in healthy llamas. Results of this study may assist veterinarians in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease and syndromes affecting the tear film in these species.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22429698</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01002.x</doi><tpages>3</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1463-5216 |
| ispartof | Veterinary ophthalmology, 2012-11, Vol.15 (6), p.383-385 |
| issn | 1463-5216 1463-5224 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1139622049 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Animals camel Camelids, New World - physiology Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological - veterinary Female llamas (Lama glama) Male Reference Values Schirmer tear test tear production Tears - physiology |
| title | Results of Schirmer tear test in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama) |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-04T00%3A28%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Results%20of%20Schirmer%20tear%20test%20in%20clinically%20normal%20llamas%20(Lama%20glama)&rft.jtitle=Veterinary%20ophthalmology&rft.au=Trbolova,%20Alexandra&rft.date=2012-11&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=383&rft.epage=385&rft.pages=383-385&rft.issn=1463-5216&rft.eissn=1463-5224&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01002.x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1139622049%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1139622049&rft_id=info:pmid/22429698&rfr_iscdi=true |