In vitro metabolism of corydaline in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry

Corydaline is a pharmacologically active isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Corydalis tubers. It exhibits the antiacetylcholinesterase, antiallergic, antinociceptive, and gastric emptying activities. The purposes of this study were to establish in vitro metabolic pathways of corydaline in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes by identification of their metabolites using liquid chromatography‐ion trap mass spectrometry. Human liver microsomal incubation of corydaline in the presence of an NADPH‐generating system resulted in the formation of nine metabolites, namely, four O‐desmethylcorydaline [M1 (yuanhunine), M2 (9‐O‐desmethylcorydaline), M3 (isocorybulbine), and M4 (corybulbine)], three di‐O‐desmethylcorydaline [M5 (9,10‐di‐O‐desmethylcorydaline), M6 (2,10‐di‐O‐desmethylcorydaline), and M7 (3,10‐di‐O‐desmethylcorydaline)], M8 (hydroxyyuanhunine), and M9 (hydroxycorydaline). Incubation of corydaline in human hepatocytes produced four metabolites including M1, M5, M6, and M9. O‐Demethylation and hydroxylation were the major metabolic pathways for the metabolism of corydaline in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.