Predictive value of bronchoscopy after infant cardiac surgery: a prospective study
Background and aims Airway evaluation following infant cardiac surgery often reveals evidence of tracheobronchial narrowing. We studied the association between airway narrowing and extubation failure (EF) in this population. Methods Prospective cohort study of infants (age ≤6 months) from March–Sept...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Intensive care medicine 2012-11, Vol.38 (11), p.1851-1857 |
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| creator | Nayak, P. P. Sheth, J. Cox, P. N. Davidson, L. Forte, V. Manlhiot, C. McCrindle, B. W. Schwartz, S. M. Solomon, M. Van Arsdell, G. S. Sivarajan, V. B. |
| description | Background and aims
Airway evaluation following infant cardiac surgery often reveals evidence of tracheobronchial narrowing. We studied the association between airway narrowing and extubation failure (EF) in this population.
Methods
Prospective cohort study of infants (age ≤6 months) from March–September 2009. Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) evaluations were obtained using a standardised protocol after operative intervention. The primary endpoint was the development of extubation failure (EF; defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation ≤48 h after primary extubation) and several secondary endpoints.
Results
Fifty-three patients were evaluated at a median age of 81 [interquartile range (IQR) 13–164] days and weight of 4.2 (IQR 3.2–6.0) kg; 13 (25 %) of the patients had single ventricle palliations and two subsequently underwent heart transplantation. Significant airway narrowing was noted in 15 of 30 [50 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 31–69 %] patients who underwent FB; ten of the 53 patients (19 %, 95 %CI 10–32 %) subsequently developed EF. Narrowed airway calibre on bronchoscopy had a sensitivity and specificity of 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %) and 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %), respectively, for EF. The single greatest predictor of EF by univariate analysis was the need for preoperative ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 6.5, 95 %CI 1.3–33.2,
p
= 0.03]. Patients with EF had a greater likelihood of intensive care readmission (OR 4.8, 95 %CI 1.1–21,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00134-012-2702-1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1115062132</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A724315143</galeid><sourcerecordid>A724315143</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-474bfce738fc3979822cb9d0c28727a41573be22e6437ba88b211576a575e0fe3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU9r3DAQxUVpaDbbfoBeiqAEcnEqjWTL21sI_QeBltKexVgepQ5eeyvZgf32mcXbphRy0oB-897MPCFea3WplXLvslLa2EJpKMApKPQzsdLWcAGmfi5WylgobGXhVJzlfMe0q0r9QpyCUVqXxqzE92-J2i5M3T3Je-xnkmOUTRqH8GvMYdztJcaJkuyGiMMkA6a2wyDznG4p7d9LlLs05h0tCnma2_1LcRKxz_Tq-K7Fz48fflx_Lm6-fvpyfXVTBGvUVFhnmxjImToGs3GbGiA0m1YFqB04tLp0piEAqqxxDdZ1Azyzq7B0JalIZi0uFl2e4PdMefLbLgfqexxonLPXjKsKtAFG3_6H3o1zGni6A2WruuaLPVK32JPnjccpYTiI-isH1uiSj8uUXqjAi-dE0e9St8W091r5Qyx-icVzLP4Qi9fc8-boPzdbav92_MmBgfMjgDlgHxMOocuPXFXa0rH7WsDCZf4aOIJ_FnnS_QG3yKH1</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1114688123</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Predictive value of bronchoscopy after infant cardiac surgery: a prospective study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Nayak, P. P. ; Sheth, J. ; Cox, P. N. ; Davidson, L. ; Forte, V. ; Manlhiot, C. ; McCrindle, B. W. ; Schwartz, S. M. ; Solomon, M. ; Van Arsdell, G. S. ; Sivarajan, V. B.</creator><creatorcontrib>Nayak, P. P. ; Sheth, J. ; Cox, P. N. ; Davidson, L. ; Forte, V. ; Manlhiot, C. ; McCrindle, B. W. ; Schwartz, S. M. ; Solomon, M. ; Van Arsdell, G. S. ; Sivarajan, V. B.</creatorcontrib><description>Background and aims
Airway evaluation following infant cardiac surgery often reveals evidence of tracheobronchial narrowing. We studied the association between airway narrowing and extubation failure (EF) in this population.
Methods
Prospective cohort study of infants (age ≤6 months) from March–September 2009. Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) evaluations were obtained using a standardised protocol after operative intervention. The primary endpoint was the development of extubation failure (EF; defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation ≤48 h after primary extubation) and several secondary endpoints.
Results
Fifty-three patients were evaluated at a median age of 81 [interquartile range (IQR) 13–164] days and weight of 4.2 (IQR 3.2–6.0) kg; 13 (25 %) of the patients had single ventricle palliations and two subsequently underwent heart transplantation. Significant airway narrowing was noted in 15 of 30 [50 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 31–69 %] patients who underwent FB; ten of the 53 patients (19 %, 95 %CI 10–32 %) subsequently developed EF. Narrowed airway calibre on bronchoscopy had a sensitivity and specificity of 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %) and 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %), respectively, for EF. The single greatest predictor of EF by univariate analysis was the need for preoperative ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 6.5, 95 %CI 1.3–33.2,
p
= 0.03]. Patients with EF had a greater likelihood of intensive care readmission (OR 4.8, 95 %CI 1.1–21,
p
< 0.04) during the same hospital admission.
Conclusions
Airway narrowing on FB is noted frequently after infant cardiac surgery. Overall assessment and presence of narrowing on bronchoscopy had poor sensitivity and specificity for EF in our cohort. Expert assessment of tracheobronchial narrowing on FB has poor to moderate inter-rater reliability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0342-4642</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1238</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2702-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23011533</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ICMED9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Airway Extubation ; Airway Obstruction - diagnosis ; Analysis ; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy ; Anesthesiology ; Babies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bronchoscopy ; Cohort analysis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Critical care ; Critical Care Medicine ; Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care ; Emergency Medicine ; Extubation ; Families & family life ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital - surgery ; Heart Defects, Congenital - therapy ; Heart surgery ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive ; Intensive care ; Intensive care medicine ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Pain Medicine ; Patients ; Pediatric cardiology ; Pediatric Original ; Pediatrics ; Pneumology/Respiratory System ; Postoperative Complications - diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ventilators</subject><ispartof>Intensive care medicine, 2012-11, Vol.38 (11), p.1851-1857</ispartof><rights>Copyright jointly held by Springer and ESICM 2012</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and ESICM 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-474bfce738fc3979822cb9d0c28727a41573be22e6437ba88b211576a575e0fe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-474bfce738fc3979822cb9d0c28727a41573be22e6437ba88b211576a575e0fe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00134-012-2702-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-012-2702-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26545714$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23011533$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nayak, P. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheth, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cox, P. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davidson, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forte, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manlhiot, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCrindle, B. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, S. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solomon, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Arsdell, G. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivarajan, V. B.</creatorcontrib><title>Predictive value of bronchoscopy after infant cardiac surgery: a prospective study</title><title>Intensive care medicine</title><addtitle>Intensive Care Med</addtitle><addtitle>Intensive Care Med</addtitle><description>Background and aims
Airway evaluation following infant cardiac surgery often reveals evidence of tracheobronchial narrowing. We studied the association between airway narrowing and extubation failure (EF) in this population.
Methods
Prospective cohort study of infants (age ≤6 months) from March–September 2009. Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) evaluations were obtained using a standardised protocol after operative intervention. The primary endpoint was the development of extubation failure (EF; defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation ≤48 h after primary extubation) and several secondary endpoints.
Results
Fifty-three patients were evaluated at a median age of 81 [interquartile range (IQR) 13–164] days and weight of 4.2 (IQR 3.2–6.0) kg; 13 (25 %) of the patients had single ventricle palliations and two subsequently underwent heart transplantation. Significant airway narrowing was noted in 15 of 30 [50 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 31–69 %] patients who underwent FB; ten of the 53 patients (19 %, 95 %CI 10–32 %) subsequently developed EF. Narrowed airway calibre on bronchoscopy had a sensitivity and specificity of 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %) and 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %), respectively, for EF. The single greatest predictor of EF by univariate analysis was the need for preoperative ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 6.5, 95 %CI 1.3–33.2,
p
= 0.03]. Patients with EF had a greater likelihood of intensive care readmission (OR 4.8, 95 %CI 1.1–21,
p
< 0.04) during the same hospital admission.
Conclusions
Airway narrowing on FB is noted frequently after infant cardiac surgery. Overall assessment and presence of narrowing on bronchoscopy had poor sensitivity and specificity for EF in our cohort. Expert assessment of tracheobronchial narrowing on FB has poor to moderate inter-rater reliability.</description><subject>Airway Extubation</subject><subject>Airway Obstruction - diagnosis</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bronchoscopy</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Constriction, Pathologic</subject><subject>Critical care</subject><subject>Critical Care Medicine</subject><subject>Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care</subject><subject>Emergency Medicine</subject><subject>Extubation</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart Defects, Congenital - surgery</subject><subject>Heart Defects, Congenital - therapy</subject><subject>Heart surgery</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Intensive</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Intensive care medicine</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Pain Medicine</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pediatric cardiology</subject><subject>Pediatric Original</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pneumology/Respiratory System</subject><subject>Postoperative Complications - diagnosis</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Ventilators</subject><issn>0342-4642</issn><issn>1432-1238</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU9r3DAQxUVpaDbbfoBeiqAEcnEqjWTL21sI_QeBltKexVgepQ5eeyvZgf32mcXbphRy0oB-897MPCFea3WplXLvslLa2EJpKMApKPQzsdLWcAGmfi5WylgobGXhVJzlfMe0q0r9QpyCUVqXxqzE92-J2i5M3T3Je-xnkmOUTRqH8GvMYdztJcaJkuyGiMMkA6a2wyDznG4p7d9LlLs05h0tCnma2_1LcRKxz_Tq-K7Fz48fflx_Lm6-fvpyfXVTBGvUVFhnmxjImToGs3GbGiA0m1YFqB04tLp0piEAqqxxDdZ1Azyzq7B0JalIZi0uFl2e4PdMefLbLgfqexxonLPXjKsKtAFG3_6H3o1zGni6A2WruuaLPVK32JPnjccpYTiI-isH1uiSj8uUXqjAi-dE0e9St8W091r5Qyx-icVzLP4Qi9fc8-boPzdbav92_MmBgfMjgDlgHxMOocuPXFXa0rH7WsDCZf4aOIJ_FnnS_QG3yKH1</recordid><startdate>20121101</startdate><enddate>20121101</enddate><creator>Nayak, P. P.</creator><creator>Sheth, J.</creator><creator>Cox, P. N.</creator><creator>Davidson, L.</creator><creator>Forte, V.</creator><creator>Manlhiot, C.</creator><creator>McCrindle, B. W.</creator><creator>Schwartz, S. M.</creator><creator>Solomon, M.</creator><creator>Van Arsdell, G. S.</creator><creator>Sivarajan, V. B.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7Z</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121101</creationdate><title>Predictive value of bronchoscopy after infant cardiac surgery: a prospective study</title><author>Nayak, P. P. ; Sheth, J. ; Cox, P. N. ; Davidson, L. ; Forte, V. ; Manlhiot, C. ; McCrindle, B. W. ; Schwartz, S. M. ; Solomon, M. ; Van Arsdell, G. S. ; Sivarajan, V. B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-474bfce738fc3979822cb9d0c28727a41573be22e6437ba88b211576a575e0fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Airway Extubation</topic><topic>Airway Obstruction - diagnosis</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Babies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bronchoscopy</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Constriction, Pathologic</topic><topic>Critical care</topic><topic>Critical Care Medicine</topic><topic>Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care</topic><topic>Emergency Medicine</topic><topic>Extubation</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart Defects, Congenital - surgery</topic><topic>Heart Defects, Congenital - therapy</topic><topic>Heart surgery</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Intensive</topic><topic>Intensive care</topic><topic>Intensive care medicine</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Pain Medicine</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pediatric cardiology</topic><topic>Pediatric Original</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pneumology/Respiratory System</topic><topic>Postoperative Complications - diagnosis</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Ventilators</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nayak, P. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheth, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cox, P. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davidson, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forte, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manlhiot, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCrindle, B. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, S. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solomon, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Arsdell, G. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivarajan, V. B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Proquest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biochemistry Abstracts 1</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Intensive care medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nayak, P. P.</au><au>Sheth, J.</au><au>Cox, P. N.</au><au>Davidson, L.</au><au>Forte, V.</au><au>Manlhiot, C.</au><au>McCrindle, B. W.</au><au>Schwartz, S. M.</au><au>Solomon, M.</au><au>Van Arsdell, G. S.</au><au>Sivarajan, V. B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Predictive value of bronchoscopy after infant cardiac surgery: a prospective study</atitle><jtitle>Intensive care medicine</jtitle><stitle>Intensive Care Med</stitle><addtitle>Intensive Care Med</addtitle><date>2012-11-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1851</spage><epage>1857</epage><pages>1851-1857</pages><issn>0342-4642</issn><eissn>1432-1238</eissn><coden>ICMED9</coden><abstract>Background and aims
Airway evaluation following infant cardiac surgery often reveals evidence of tracheobronchial narrowing. We studied the association between airway narrowing and extubation failure (EF) in this population.
Methods
Prospective cohort study of infants (age ≤6 months) from March–September 2009. Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) evaluations were obtained using a standardised protocol after operative intervention. The primary endpoint was the development of extubation failure (EF; defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation ≤48 h after primary extubation) and several secondary endpoints.
Results
Fifty-three patients were evaluated at a median age of 81 [interquartile range (IQR) 13–164] days and weight of 4.2 (IQR 3.2–6.0) kg; 13 (25 %) of the patients had single ventricle palliations and two subsequently underwent heart transplantation. Significant airway narrowing was noted in 15 of 30 [50 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 31–69 %] patients who underwent FB; ten of the 53 patients (19 %, 95 %CI 10–32 %) subsequently developed EF. Narrowed airway calibre on bronchoscopy had a sensitivity and specificity of 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %) and 50 % (95 %CI 28–71 %), respectively, for EF. The single greatest predictor of EF by univariate analysis was the need for preoperative ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 6.5, 95 %CI 1.3–33.2,
p
= 0.03]. Patients with EF had a greater likelihood of intensive care readmission (OR 4.8, 95 %CI 1.1–21,
p
< 0.04) during the same hospital admission.
Conclusions
Airway narrowing on FB is noted frequently after infant cardiac surgery. Overall assessment and presence of narrowing on bronchoscopy had poor sensitivity and specificity for EF in our cohort. Expert assessment of tracheobronchial narrowing on FB has poor to moderate inter-rater reliability.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>23011533</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00134-012-2702-1</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Airway Extubation Airway Obstruction - diagnosis Analysis Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy Anesthesiology Babies Biological and medical sciences Bronchoscopy Cohort analysis Constriction, Pathologic Critical care Critical Care Medicine Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care Emergency Medicine Extubation Families & family life Heart Heart Defects, Congenital - surgery Heart Defects, Congenital - therapy Heart surgery Hospitals Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Intensive Intensive care Intensive care medicine Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Pain Medicine Patients Pediatric cardiology Pediatric Original Pediatrics Pneumology/Respiratory System Postoperative Complications - diagnosis Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Ventilators |
| title | Predictive value of bronchoscopy after infant cardiac surgery: a prospective study |
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