Mammalian zona pellucida glycoproteins: structure and function during fertilization

Zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoproteinaceous translucent matrix that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and plays a critical role in the accomplishment of fertilization. In humans, it is composed of 4 glycoproteins designated as ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4, whereas mouse ZP is composed of ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 ( Zp...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cell and tissue research 2012-09, Vol.349 (3), p.665-678
Hauptverfasser: Gupta, Satish K., Bhandari, Beena, Shrestha, Abhinav, Biswal, Bichitra K., Palaniappan, Chetna, Malhotra, Sudha Saryu, Gupta, Neha
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container_end_page 678
container_issue 3
container_start_page 665
container_title Cell and tissue research
container_volume 349
creator Gupta, Satish K.
Bhandari, Beena
Shrestha, Abhinav
Biswal, Bichitra K.
Palaniappan, Chetna
Malhotra, Sudha Saryu
Gupta, Neha
description Zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoproteinaceous translucent matrix that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and plays a critical role in the accomplishment of fertilization. In humans, it is composed of 4 glycoproteins designated as ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4, whereas mouse ZP is composed of ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 ( Zp4 being a pseudogene). In addition to a variable sequence identity of a given zona protein among various species, human ZP1 and ZP4 are paralogs and mature polypeptide chains share an identity of 47%. Employing either affinity purified native or recombinant human zona proteins, it has been demonstrated that ZP1, ZP3 and ZP4 bind to the capacitated human spermatozoa and induce an acrosome reaction, whereas in mice, ZP3 acts as the putative primary sperm receptor. Human ZP2 only binds to acrosome-reacted spermatozoa and thus may be acting as a secondary sperm receptor. In contrast to O -linked glycans of ZP3 in mice, N -linked glycans of human ZP3 and ZP4 are more relevant for induction of the acrosome reaction. Recent studies suggest that Sialyl-Lewis x sequence present on both N - and O -glycans of human ZP play an important role in human sperm–egg binding. There are subtle differences in the downstream signaling events associated with ZP3 versus ZP1/ZP4-mediated induction of the acrosome reaction. For example, ZP3 but not ZP1/ZP4-mediated induction of the acrosome reaction is dependent on the activation of the G i protein-coupled receptor. Thus, various studies suggest that, in contrast to mice, in humans more than one zona protein binds to spermatozoa and induces an acrosome reaction.
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subjects Acrosome Reaction - physiology
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Binding sites
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cellular biology
Egg Proteins - chemistry
Egg Proteins - physiology
Female
Fertilization - physiology
Glycoproteins
Human Genetics
Humans
Male
Mammals
Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry
Membrane Glycoproteins - physiology
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Models, Molecular
Molecular Medicine
Molecular Sequence Data
Oocytes - metabolism
Oocytes - physiology
Protein binding
Proteomics
Receptors, Cell Surface - chemistry
Receptors, Cell Surface - physiology
Review
Sequence Alignment
Signal Transduction
Sperm
Spermatozoa - metabolism
Spermatozoa - physiology
Structure-Activity Relationship
Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins
title Mammalian zona pellucida glycoproteins: structure and function during fertilization
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