Diagnosis and extension of giant cell arteritis. Contribution of imaging techniques

Performing a temporal artery biopsy is still the easiest way to diagnose giant cell arteritis. However, this biopsy is not always positive, even not in patients with prominent cranial symptoms. In these cases, positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose as a tracer is a valid alternative...

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Veröffentlicht in:La Presse médicale (1983) 2012-10, Vol.41 (10), p.948-954
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description Performing a temporal artery biopsy is still the easiest way to diagnose giant cell arteritis. However, this biopsy is not always positive, even not in patients with prominent cranial symptoms. In these cases, positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose as a tracer is a valid alternative. This nuclear technique has demonstrated that involvement of large arteries such as the aorta or the subclavian arteries occurs in 50 to 80% of patients. Ultrasonographic examination of an inflamed temporal artery can demonstrate a “halo”, corresponding to edema of the intimal layer of the artery. Only in very experienced hands, this non-invasive technique can replace a surgical biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomographic scanning are not used in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, but these techniques can visualize the extent of the disease, e.g. to the aorta with possible aortitis or to a partical artery. La biopsie chirurgicale de l’artère temporale reste la façon la plus directe de diagnostiquer une maladie de Horton. Pourtant, la biopsie n’est pas positive dans 100 % des cas, même pas chez les patients atteints de symptômes purement crâniaux. Ici, la tomographieparémission de positons peut venir en aide. Cette technique nucléaire a démontré que la maladie de Horton touche les grands vaisseaux comme l’aorte ou les artères subclavières dans 50 à 80 % des cas. L’ultrasonographie de l’artère temporale touchée par l’inflammation peut révéler un halo, correspondant à un œdème intimal. Confiée à des praticiens très expérimentés, l’ultrasonographie peut remplacer la biopsie chirurgicale. Imagerie par résonance magnétique et la tomodensitométrie ne sont pas employés pour diagnostiquer la maladie de Horton, mais ces techniques peuvent visualiser une atteinte de l’aorte avec une aortite ou une inflammation d’une artère particulière.
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subjects Cerebral Angiography - methods
Cerebral Angiography - utilization
Diagnostic Imaging - methods
Disease Progression
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Giant Cell Arteritis - diagnosis
Giant Cell Arteritis - pathology
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - utilization
Positron-Emission Tomography - methods
Positron-Emission Tomography - utilization
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - utilization
title Diagnosis and extension of giant cell arteritis. Contribution of imaging techniques
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