True Bug (Heteroptera) Impact on Cocoa Fruit Mortality and Productivity
The real impact of true bug damage on cocoa pods has never been assessed precisely. We conducted a 2-yr study on 1,080 cocoa trees on 36 farms in Cameroon to assess the contribution of true bugs to fruit mortality and production loss. The cocoa fruiting cycle, fruit mortality, and damage caused by t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of economic entomology 2012-08, Vol.105 (4), p.1285-1292 |
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| container_title | Journal of economic entomology |
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| creator | Yede Babin, R Djieto-Lordon, C Cilas, C Dibog, L Mahob, R Bilong, C. F. Bilong |
| description | The real impact of true bug damage on cocoa pods has never been assessed precisely. We conducted a 2-yr study on 1,080 cocoa trees on 36 farms in Cameroon to assess the contribution of true bugs to fruit mortality and production loss. The cocoa fruiting cycle, fruit mortality, and damage caused by true bugs as well as other pests and diseases were monitored on a weekly basis. True bug damage also was described on 2,500 ripe pods per year. Pod weight, bean number, and bean weight were measured and compared for different degrees and types of damage on the ripe pods. Our results showed that true bugs were the main external cause of young fruit abortion. They reduced the abundance of young fruit by up to 10%. In contrast, although one-third of the ripe pods sampled had true bug lesions, only 4% were moderately to heavily damaged. The mean weight of ripe pods was reduced by 12% when there was medium to heavy damage. While the mean weight of wet beans was reduced significantly (by 3–10%), the number of beans per pod was not changed by damage. Despite the reduction in mean weight, the overall weight of beans for the pods sampled was reduced by |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1603/EC12022 |
| format | Article |
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The mean weight of ripe pods was reduced by 12% when there was medium to heavy damage. While the mean weight of wet beans was reduced significantly (by 3–10%), the number of beans per pod was not changed by damage. Despite the reduction in mean weight, the overall weight of beans for the pods sampled was reduced by <2%. Therefore, our study confirmed the common assumption that the economic impact of true bug damage on mature pods is negligible on cocoa farms in Cameroon. However, true bugs have a significant impact on young fruit mortality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1603/EC12022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22928308</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEENAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomass ; Cacao - parasitology ; cherelle wilt ; cocoa mirids ; cocoa yield ; Control ; Fruit - parasitology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Generalities ; Heteroptera - physiology ; HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insecta ; Invertebrates ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; Protozoa. 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F. Bilong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yede</creatorcontrib><title>True Bug (Heteroptera) Impact on Cocoa Fruit Mortality and Productivity</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><description>The real impact of true bug damage on cocoa pods has never been assessed precisely. We conducted a 2-yr study on 1,080 cocoa trees on 36 farms in Cameroon to assess the contribution of true bugs to fruit mortality and production loss. The cocoa fruiting cycle, fruit mortality, and damage caused by true bugs as well as other pests and diseases were monitored on a weekly basis. True bug damage also was described on 2,500 ripe pods per year. Pod weight, bean number, and bean weight were measured and compared for different degrees and types of damage on the ripe pods. Our results showed that true bugs were the main external cause of young fruit abortion. They reduced the abundance of young fruit by up to 10%. In contrast, although one-third of the ripe pods sampled had true bug lesions, only 4% were moderately to heavily damaged. The mean weight of ripe pods was reduced by 12% when there was medium to heavy damage. While the mean weight of wet beans was reduced significantly (by 3–10%), the number of beans per pod was not changed by damage. Despite the reduction in mean weight, the overall weight of beans for the pods sampled was reduced by <2%. Therefore, our study confirmed the common assumption that the economic impact of true bug damage on mature pods is negligible on cocoa farms in Cameroon. However, true bugs have a significant impact on young fruit mortality.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Cacao - parasitology</subject><subject>cherelle wilt</subject><subject>cocoa mirids</subject><subject>cocoa yield</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Fruit - parasitology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Generalities</subject><subject>Heteroptera - physiology</subject><subject>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</subject><subject>Host-Parasite Interactions</subject><subject>Insecta</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrates</subject><subject>Sahlbergella singularis</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Theobroma cacao</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><issn>0022-0493</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10E1LxDAQBuAgiruu4j-QXMT1UM3Xpu1Ry37Bih5W8FbSJJVK29QkFfbfG9nqnrzMwPAwM7wAXGJ0hzmi9_MME0TIERjjlCYRSfHbMRijMIoQS-kInDn3gRDmBKNTMCIkJQlFyRgst7bX8LF_h9OV9tqaLhRxC9dNJ6SHpoWZkUbAhe0rD5-M9aKu_A6KVsEXa1QvffUVBufgpBS10xdDn4DXxXybraLN83KdPWyigsbMR1InvEhjpDEOzyhZKCVmoXGRaF4iiXmqEKZJTGZIEa4wYkRrHgtW8pQxRidgut_bWfPZa-fzpnJS17VoteldjhGNCaMpJ4He7Km0xjmry7yzVSPsLqD8J7V8SC3Iq2FpXzRa_bnfmAK4HoBwUtSlFa2s3MGFa-E3dnBFZUyr_z34DXJLfZ4</recordid><startdate>20120801</startdate><enddate>20120801</enddate><creator>Yede</creator><creator>Babin, R</creator><creator>Djieto-Lordon, C</creator><creator>Cilas, C</creator><creator>Dibog, L</creator><creator>Mahob, R</creator><creator>Bilong, C. F. Bilong</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120801</creationdate><title>True Bug (Heteroptera) Impact on Cocoa Fruit Mortality and Productivity</title><author>Yede ; Babin, R ; Djieto-Lordon, C ; Cilas, C ; Dibog, L ; Mahob, R ; Bilong, C. F. Bilong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b374t-ce86b970e11016dcbdda5dcb6a8e6f0c169d01387250d26d1042ee67a4f694443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Cacao - parasitology</topic><topic>cherelle wilt</topic><topic>cocoa mirids</topic><topic>cocoa yield</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Fruit - parasitology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Generalities</topic><topic>Heteroptera - physiology</topic><topic>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</topic><topic>Host-Parasite Interactions</topic><topic>Insecta</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>Protozoa. 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Bilong</au><aucorp>Yede</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>True Bug (Heteroptera) Impact on Cocoa Fruit Mortality and Productivity</atitle><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><date>2012-08-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>105</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1285</spage><epage>1292</epage><pages>1285-1292</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><eissn>0022-0493</eissn><coden>JEENAI</coden><abstract>The real impact of true bug damage on cocoa pods has never been assessed precisely. We conducted a 2-yr study on 1,080 cocoa trees on 36 farms in Cameroon to assess the contribution of true bugs to fruit mortality and production loss. The cocoa fruiting cycle, fruit mortality, and damage caused by true bugs as well as other pests and diseases were monitored on a weekly basis. True bug damage also was described on 2,500 ripe pods per year. Pod weight, bean number, and bean weight were measured and compared for different degrees and types of damage on the ripe pods. Our results showed that true bugs were the main external cause of young fruit abortion. They reduced the abundance of young fruit by up to 10%. In contrast, although one-third of the ripe pods sampled had true bug lesions, only 4% were moderately to heavily damaged. The mean weight of ripe pods was reduced by 12% when there was medium to heavy damage. While the mean weight of wet beans was reduced significantly (by 3–10%), the number of beans per pod was not changed by damage. Despite the reduction in mean weight, the overall weight of beans for the pods sampled was reduced by <2%. Therefore, our study confirmed the common assumption that the economic impact of true bug damage on mature pods is negligible on cocoa farms in Cameroon. 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| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-0493 |
| ispartof | Journal of economic entomology, 2012-08, Vol.105 (4), p.1285-1292 |
| issn | 0022-0493 1938-291X 0022-0493 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1037243962 |
| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Biomass Cacao - parasitology cherelle wilt cocoa mirids cocoa yield Control Fruit - parasitology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Generalities Heteroptera - physiology HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Host-Parasite Interactions Insecta Invertebrates Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Protozoa. Invertebrates Sahlbergella singularis Seasons Theobroma cacao |
| title | True Bug (Heteroptera) Impact on Cocoa Fruit Mortality and Productivity |
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