Genes, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors: Which is the most relevant in developing autoimmune diseases?
Abstract Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, have complex pathogeneses and likely multifactorial etiologies. The current paradigm for understanding their development is that the disease is triggered in gen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Autoimmunity reviews 2012-06, Vol.11 (8), p.604-609 |
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| creator | Costenbader, Karen H Gay, Steffen Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E Iaccarino, Luca Doria, Andrea |
| description | Abstract Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, have complex pathogeneses and likely multifactorial etiologies. The current paradigm for understanding their development is that the disease is triggered in genetically-susceptible individuals by exposure to environmental factors. Some of these environmental factors have been specifically identified, while others are hypothesized and not yet proven, and it is likely that most have yet to be identified. One interesting hypothesis is that environmental effects on immune responses could be mediated by changes in epigenetic regulation. Major mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation include DNA methylation and histone modification. In these cases, gene expression is modified without involving changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics is a new and interesting research field in autoimmune diseases. We review the roles of genetic factors, epigenetic regulation and the most studied environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoke, crystalline silica, Epstein–Barr virus, and reproductive hormones in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.022 |
| format | Article |
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The current paradigm for understanding their development is that the disease is triggered in genetically-susceptible individuals by exposure to environmental factors. Some of these environmental factors have been specifically identified, while others are hypothesized and not yet proven, and it is likely that most have yet to be identified. One interesting hypothesis is that environmental effects on immune responses could be mediated by changes in epigenetic regulation. Major mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation include DNA methylation and histone modification. In these cases, gene expression is modified without involving changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics is a new and interesting research field in autoimmune diseases. We review the roles of genetic factors, epigenetic regulation and the most studied environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoke, crystalline silica, Epstein–Barr virus, and reproductive hormones in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1568-9972</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1568-9972</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-0183</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22041580</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Allergy and Immunology ; Animals ; Autoimmune disease ; Autoimmune diseases ; Autoimmune Diseases - genetics ; Cigarette smoke ; DNA methylation ; Environmental effects ; Environmental factors ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenetic regulation ; epigenetics ; Etiology ; Gene regulation ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic factors ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics ; Genetic susceptibility ; Herpesviridae - immunology ; Histones ; Hormones ; Humans ; Immune response ; Inflammatory bowel diseases ; Metagenomics ; Multiple sclerosis ; Nucleotide sequence ; Pathology, Molecular ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Risk Factors ; Silica ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Transcription</subject><ispartof>Autoimmunity reviews, 2012-06, Vol.11 (8), p.604-609</ispartof><rights>Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-7754e45605cf81a708618a7b79bad8bbe2621faa0c618f379eac428d7467525e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-7754e45605cf81a708618a7b79bad8bbe2621faa0c618f379eac428d7467525e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997211002424$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22041580$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Costenbader, Karen H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gay, Steffen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iaccarino, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doria, Andrea</creatorcontrib><title>Genes, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors: Which is the most relevant in developing autoimmune diseases?</title><title>Autoimmunity reviews</title><addtitle>Autoimmun Rev</addtitle><description>Abstract Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, have complex pathogeneses and likely multifactorial etiologies. The current paradigm for understanding their development is that the disease is triggered in genetically-susceptible individuals by exposure to environmental factors. Some of these environmental factors have been specifically identified, while others are hypothesized and not yet proven, and it is likely that most have yet to be identified. One interesting hypothesis is that environmental effects on immune responses could be mediated by changes in epigenetic regulation. Major mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation include DNA methylation and histone modification. In these cases, gene expression is modified without involving changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics is a new and interesting research field in autoimmune diseases. We review the roles of genetic factors, epigenetic regulation and the most studied environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoke, crystalline silica, Epstein–Barr virus, and reproductive hormones in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.</description><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autoimmune disease</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - genetics</subject><subject>Cigarette smoke</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>Environmental effects</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Epigenesis, Genetic</subject><subject>Epigenetic regulation</subject><subject>epigenetics</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Gene-Environment Interaction</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics</subject><subject>Genetic susceptibility</subject><subject>Herpesviridae - immunology</subject><subject>Histones</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Inflammatory bowel diseases</subject><subject>Metagenomics</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Pathology, Molecular</subject><subject>Rheumatoid arthritis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Silica</subject><subject>Systemic lupus erythematosus</subject><subject>Transcription</subject><issn>1568-9972</issn><issn>1568-9972</issn><issn>1873-0183</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU9v1DAQxS0Eon_gGyDkIwd2sb1O7HCgQhUtlSpxgKpHy3Emu14Se_E4kfrtcbQFIS49efT03sz4N4S84WzNGa8_7Nd2ygnmtWCcF2nNhHhGTnlV61XTKPH8n_qEnCHuWYk1onlJToRgkleanZLpGgLgewoHvy1V9o4m2E6DzT4GakNHIcw-xTBCyHagvXU5JvxI73fe7ahHmndAx4i55AaYbcjUB9rBDEM8-LClZcvox3EKQDuPYBHw4hV50dsB4fXje07urr78uPy6uv12fXP5-XblZMXySqlKgqxqVrlec6uYrrm2qlVNazvdtiBqwXtrmSt6v1ENWCeF7pSsVSUq2JyTd8e-hxR_TYDZjB4dDIMNECc0nG2k5lpzVazyaHUpIibozSH50aaHYjILcLM3R-BmAb6oBXiJvX2cMLUjdH9DfwgXw6ejAco_Zw_JoPMQHHQ-gcumi_6pCf83cIMP3tnhJzwA7uOUQmFouEFhmPm-HH25OeeMCSnk5jdvtaoU</recordid><startdate>20120601</startdate><enddate>20120601</enddate><creator>Costenbader, Karen H</creator><creator>Gay, Steffen</creator><creator>Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E</creator><creator>Iaccarino, Luca</creator><creator>Doria, Andrea</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120601</creationdate><title>Genes, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors: Which is the most relevant in developing autoimmune diseases?</title><author>Costenbader, Karen H ; Gay, Steffen ; Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E ; Iaccarino, Luca ; Doria, Andrea</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-7754e45605cf81a708618a7b79bad8bbe2621faa0c618f379eac428d7467525e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Autoimmune disease</topic><topic>Autoimmune diseases</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - genetics</topic><topic>Cigarette smoke</topic><topic>DNA methylation</topic><topic>Environmental effects</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Epigenesis, Genetic</topic><topic>Epigenetic regulation</topic><topic>epigenetics</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Gene regulation</topic><topic>Gene-Environment Interaction</topic><topic>Genetic factors</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics</topic><topic>Genetic susceptibility</topic><topic>Herpesviridae - immunology</topic><topic>Histones</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Inflammatory bowel diseases</topic><topic>Metagenomics</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Pathology, Molecular</topic><topic>Rheumatoid arthritis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Silica</topic><topic>Systemic lupus erythematosus</topic><topic>Transcription</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Costenbader, Karen H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gay, Steffen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iaccarino, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doria, Andrea</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Autoimmunity reviews</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Costenbader, Karen H</au><au>Gay, Steffen</au><au>Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E</au><au>Iaccarino, Luca</au><au>Doria, Andrea</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genes, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors: Which is the most relevant in developing autoimmune diseases?</atitle><jtitle>Autoimmunity reviews</jtitle><addtitle>Autoimmun Rev</addtitle><date>2012-06-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>604</spage><epage>609</epage><pages>604-609</pages><issn>1568-9972</issn><eissn>1568-9972</eissn><eissn>1873-0183</eissn><abstract>Abstract Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, have complex pathogeneses and likely multifactorial etiologies. The current paradigm for understanding their development is that the disease is triggered in genetically-susceptible individuals by exposure to environmental factors. Some of these environmental factors have been specifically identified, while others are hypothesized and not yet proven, and it is likely that most have yet to be identified. One interesting hypothesis is that environmental effects on immune responses could be mediated by changes in epigenetic regulation. Major mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation include DNA methylation and histone modification. In these cases, gene expression is modified without involving changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics is a new and interesting research field in autoimmune diseases. We review the roles of genetic factors, epigenetic regulation and the most studied environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoke, crystalline silica, Epstein–Barr virus, and reproductive hormones in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>22041580</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.022</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allergy and Immunology Animals Autoimmune disease Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Diseases - genetics Cigarette smoke DNA methylation Environmental effects Environmental factors Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetic regulation epigenetics Etiology Gene regulation Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic factors Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics Genetic susceptibility Herpesviridae - immunology Histones Hormones Humans Immune response Inflammatory bowel diseases Metagenomics Multiple sclerosis Nucleotide sequence Pathology, Molecular Rheumatoid arthritis Risk Factors Silica Systemic lupus erythematosus Transcription |
| title | Genes, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors: Which is the most relevant in developing autoimmune diseases? |
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