Amniotic membrane: from structure and functions to clinical applications

Amniotic membrane (AM) or amnion is a thin membrane on the inner side of the fetal placenta; it completely surrounds the embryo and delimits the amniotic cavity, which is filled by amniotic liquid. In recent years, the structure and function of the amnion have been investigated, particularly the plu...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cell and tissue research 2012-08, Vol.349 (2), p.447-458
Hauptverfasser: Mamede, A. C, Carvalho, M. J, Abrantes, A. M, Laranjo, M, Maia, C. J, Botelho, M. F
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container_end_page 458
container_issue 2
container_start_page 447
container_title Cell and tissue research
container_volume 349
creator Mamede, A. C
Carvalho, M. J
Abrantes, A. M
Laranjo, M
Maia, C. J
Botelho, M. F
description Amniotic membrane (AM) or amnion is a thin membrane on the inner side of the fetal placenta; it completely surrounds the embryo and delimits the amniotic cavity, which is filled by amniotic liquid. In recent years, the structure and function of the amnion have been investigated, particularly the pluripotent properties of AM cells, which are an attractive source for tissue transplantation. AM has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and immunological characteristics, as well as anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic features. AM is a promoter of epithelialization and is a non-tumorigenic tissue and its use has no ethical problems. Because of its attractive properties, AM has been applied in several surgical procedures related to ocular surface reconstruction and the genito-urinary tract, skin, head and neck, among others. So far, the best known and most auspicious applications of AM are ocular surface reconstruction, skin applications and tissue engineering. However, AM can also be applied in oncology. In this area, AM can prevent the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells and consequently interfere with tumour angiogenesis, growth and metastasis.
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subjects amnion
Amnion - cytology
Amnion - immunology
Amnion - transplantation
angiogenesis
Animals
Antiviral agents
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
ethics
head
Human Genetics
Humans
Membranes
Metastasis
Molecular Medicine
neck
nutrients
Oncology
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures - methods
oxygen
placenta
Proteomics
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures - methods
Regenerative Medicine - methods
Review
Skin
Tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering - methods
tissue transplantation
Tumors
title Amniotic membrane: from structure and functions to clinical applications
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