Degradation of Triclosan under Aerobic, Anoxic, and Anaerobic Conditions
Triclosan (2, 4, 4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxyl diphenyl ether) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent present in a number of house hold consumables. Aerobic and anaerobic enrichment cultures tolerating triclosan were developed and 77 bacterial strains tolerating triclosan at different levels were isolat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2012-07, Vol.167 (6), p.1603-1612 |
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| creator | Gangadharan Puthiya Veetil, Prajeesh Vijaya Nadaraja, Anupama Bhasi, Arya Khan, Sudheer Bhaskaran, Krishnakumar |
| description | Triclosan (2, 4, 4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxyl diphenyl ether) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent present in a number of house hold consumables. Aerobic and anaerobic enrichment cultures tolerating triclosan were developed and 77 bacterial strains tolerating triclosan at different levels were isolated from different inoculum sources. Biodegradation of triclosan under aerobic, anoxic (denitrifying and sulphate reducing conditions), and anaerobic conditions was studied in batch cultures with isolated pure strains and enrichment consortium developed. Under aerobic conditions, the isolated strains tolerated triclosan up to 1 g/L and degraded the compound in inorganic-mineral-broth and agar media. At 10 mg/L level triclosan, 95 ± 1.2% was degraded in 5 days, producing phenol, catechol and 2, 4-dichlorophenol as the degradation products. The strains were able to metabolize triclosan and its degradation products in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitor 1-pentyne. Under anoxic/anaerobic conditions highest degradation (87%) was observed in methanogenic system with acetate as co-substrate and phenol, catechol, and 2, 4-dichlorophenol were among the products. Three of the isolated strains tolerating 1 g/L triclosan were identified as
Pseudomonas
sp. (
BDC 1
,
2
, and
3
). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12010-012-9573-3 |
| format | Article |
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Pseudomonas
sp. (
BDC 1
,
2
, and
3
).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-2289</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9573-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22328252</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Aerobic conditions ; Aerobiosis ; Anaerobic conditions ; Anaerobiosis ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - metabolism ; Antimicrobial agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - growth & development ; Bacteria - metabolism ; Biochemistry ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biotechnology ; Chemical contaminants ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Culture Media ; Degradation products ; Enzymes ; Oxygen - metabolism ; Phenols ; Phylogeny ; Pseudomonas ; Sulfate reduction ; Triclosan - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2012-07, Vol.167 (6), p.1603-1612</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-9b544cf51ac7a77fbde4b278df3f51b911c0a8fe404944fe3a913853ecfccb423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-9b544cf51ac7a77fbde4b278df3f51b911c0a8fe404944fe3a913853ecfccb423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12010-012-9573-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12010-012-9573-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22328252$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gangadharan Puthiya Veetil, Prajeesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vijaya Nadaraja, Anupama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhasi, Arya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Sudheer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhaskaran, Krishnakumar</creatorcontrib><title>Degradation of Triclosan under Aerobic, Anoxic, and Anaerobic Conditions</title><title>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</title><addtitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</addtitle><addtitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Triclosan (2, 4, 4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxyl diphenyl ether) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent present in a number of house hold consumables. Aerobic and anaerobic enrichment cultures tolerating triclosan were developed and 77 bacterial strains tolerating triclosan at different levels were isolated from different inoculum sources. Biodegradation of triclosan under aerobic, anoxic (denitrifying and sulphate reducing conditions), and anaerobic conditions was studied in batch cultures with isolated pure strains and enrichment consortium developed. Under aerobic conditions, the isolated strains tolerated triclosan up to 1 g/L and degraded the compound in inorganic-mineral-broth and agar media. At 10 mg/L level triclosan, 95 ± 1.2% was degraded in 5 days, producing phenol, catechol and 2, 4-dichlorophenol as the degradation products. The strains were able to metabolize triclosan and its degradation products in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitor 1-pentyne. Under anoxic/anaerobic conditions highest degradation (87%) was observed in methanogenic system with acetate as co-substrate and phenol, catechol, and 2, 4-dichlorophenol were among the products. Three of the isolated strains tolerating 1 g/L triclosan were identified as
Pseudomonas
sp. (
BDC 1
,
2
, and
3
).</description><subject>Aerobic conditions</subject><subject>Aerobiosis</subject><subject>Anaerobic conditions</subject><subject>Anaerobiosis</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - metabolism</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - growth & development</subject><subject>Bacteria - metabolism</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Chemical contaminants</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Culture Media</subject><subject>Degradation products</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Oxygen - metabolism</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Pseudomonas</subject><subject>Sulfate reduction</subject><subject>Triclosan - 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Academic</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gangadharan Puthiya Veetil, Prajeesh</au><au>Vijaya Nadaraja, Anupama</au><au>Bhasi, Arya</au><au>Khan, Sudheer</au><au>Bhaskaran, Krishnakumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Degradation of Triclosan under Aerobic, Anoxic, and Anaerobic Conditions</atitle><jtitle>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</jtitle><stitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</stitle><addtitle>Appl Biochem Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2012-07-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>167</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1603</spage><epage>1612</epage><pages>1603-1612</pages><issn>0273-2289</issn><eissn>1559-0291</eissn><abstract>Triclosan (2, 4, 4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxyl diphenyl ether) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent present in a number of house hold consumables. Aerobic and anaerobic enrichment cultures tolerating triclosan were developed and 77 bacterial strains tolerating triclosan at different levels were isolated from different inoculum sources. Biodegradation of triclosan under aerobic, anoxic (denitrifying and sulphate reducing conditions), and anaerobic conditions was studied in batch cultures with isolated pure strains and enrichment consortium developed. Under aerobic conditions, the isolated strains tolerated triclosan up to 1 g/L and degraded the compound in inorganic-mineral-broth and agar media. At 10 mg/L level triclosan, 95 ± 1.2% was degraded in 5 days, producing phenol, catechol and 2, 4-dichlorophenol as the degradation products. The strains were able to metabolize triclosan and its degradation products in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitor 1-pentyne. Under anoxic/anaerobic conditions highest degradation (87%) was observed in methanogenic system with acetate as co-substrate and phenol, catechol, and 2, 4-dichlorophenol were among the products. Three of the isolated strains tolerating 1 g/L triclosan were identified as
Pseudomonas
sp. (
BDC 1
,
2
, and
3
).</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22328252</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12010-012-9573-3</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0273-2289 |
| ispartof | Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2012-07, Vol.167 (6), p.1603-1612 |
| issn | 0273-2289 1559-0291 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aerobic conditions Aerobiosis Anaerobic conditions Anaerobiosis Anti-Infective Agents, Local - metabolism Antimicrobial agents Bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - growth & development Bacteria - metabolism Biochemistry Biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Biotechnology Chemical contaminants Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Culture Media Degradation products Enzymes Oxygen - metabolism Phenols Phylogeny Pseudomonas Sulfate reduction Triclosan - metabolism |
| title | Degradation of Triclosan under Aerobic, Anoxic, and Anaerobic Conditions |
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