Microbial desulfurization of SBR ground rubber by Sphingomonas sp. and its utilization as filler in NR compounds
Microbial desulfurization of waste tyre rubber has been investigated with great efforts since 1990s, because waste rubber has created serious ecological and environmental problems. A microbial desulfurization technique for SBR ground rubber has been developed by a novel sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium Sp...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers for advanced technologies 2011-12, Vol.22 (12), p.2344-2351 |
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description | Microbial desulfurization of waste tyre rubber has been investigated with great efforts since 1990s, because waste rubber has created serious ecological and environmental problems. A microbial desulfurization technique for SBR ground rubber has been developed by a novel sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. The adaptability of Sphingomonas sp. with SBR ground rubber was tested with the amounts of SBR ground rubber varying from 0.5 to 4% g/l. The sol fraction of desulfurized SBR ground rubber increased 70%, compared with SBR ground rubber without desulfurization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the desulfurized surface of vulcanized SBR flakes revealed that not only the oxidation of crosslinked SS and SC bonds, but also the rupture of CC double bonds had happened to SBR vulcanizates during microbial desulfurization. The cure characteristics, such as scorch time and optimum cure time of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled, were found to decrease with increasing contents of desulfurized SBR ground rubber, due to some reactive groups on its surface. NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had lower crosslink density and hardness, higher tensile strength and elongation at break, compared with those filled with SBR ground rubber of the same amount. Dynamic mechanical properties indicated that there were better crosslink distribution and stronger interfacial bonding between NR matrix and desulfurized SBR ground rubber. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that the fracture surfaces of NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had more smooth morphologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/pat.1769 |
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A microbial desulfurization technique for SBR ground rubber has been developed by a novel sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. The adaptability of Sphingomonas sp. with SBR ground rubber was tested with the amounts of SBR ground rubber varying from 0.5 to 4% g/l. The sol fraction of desulfurized SBR ground rubber increased 70%, compared with SBR ground rubber without desulfurization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the desulfurized surface of vulcanized SBR flakes revealed that not only the oxidation of crosslinked SS and SC bonds, but also the rupture of CC double bonds had happened to SBR vulcanizates during microbial desulfurization. The cure characteristics, such as scorch time and optimum cure time of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled, were found to decrease with increasing contents of desulfurized SBR ground rubber, due to some reactive groups on its surface. NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had lower crosslink density and hardness, higher tensile strength and elongation at break, compared with those filled with SBR ground rubber of the same amount. Dynamic mechanical properties indicated that there were better crosslink distribution and stronger interfacial bonding between NR matrix and desulfurized SBR ground rubber. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that the fracture surfaces of NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had more smooth morphologies. 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Adv. Technol</addtitle><description>Microbial desulfurization of waste tyre rubber has been investigated with great efforts since 1990s, because waste rubber has created serious ecological and environmental problems. A microbial desulfurization technique for SBR ground rubber has been developed by a novel sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. The adaptability of Sphingomonas sp. with SBR ground rubber was tested with the amounts of SBR ground rubber varying from 0.5 to 4% g/l. The sol fraction of desulfurized SBR ground rubber increased 70%, compared with SBR ground rubber without desulfurization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the desulfurized surface of vulcanized SBR flakes revealed that not only the oxidation of crosslinked SS and SC bonds, but also the rupture of CC double bonds had happened to SBR vulcanizates during microbial desulfurization. The cure characteristics, such as scorch time and optimum cure time of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled, were found to decrease with increasing contents of desulfurized SBR ground rubber, due to some reactive groups on its surface. NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had lower crosslink density and hardness, higher tensile strength and elongation at break, compared with those filled with SBR ground rubber of the same amount. Dynamic mechanical properties indicated that there were better crosslink distribution and stronger interfacial bonding between NR matrix and desulfurized SBR ground rubber. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that the fracture surfaces of NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had more smooth morphologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>crosslink density</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Cures</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Desulfurizing</subject><subject>Grounds</subject><subject>mechanical properties</subject><subject>microbial desulfurization</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Rubber</subject><subject>SBR ground rubber</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sphingomonas sp</subject><issn>1042-7147</issn><issn>1099-1581</issn><issn>1099-1581</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMtOwzAQRSMEEk-JT_CSTYrtuHG9hIoWEJSqLVRiYzmOXQxuHOxEUL4eV-UhFmgWM9I9dxYnSY4R7CAI8Wktmg6iOdtK9hBkLEXdHtpe3wSnFBG6m-yH8AxhzBjdS-pbI70rjLCgVKG1uvXmQzTGVcBpMD2fgIV3bVUC3xaF8qBYgWn9ZKqFW7pKBBDqDhAxNk0AbWPsdzlG2lgbG6YCowmQblmv_4TDZEcLG9TR1z5I7gcXs_5lenM3vOqf3aQyoxlLc6VYxrqCEIwLLAWBJSEFJnGUwJoQIaCkhcyZkhKpXoZwLjOd6xKWUItedpCcbP7W3r22KjR8aYJU1opKuTZwBGOlxzDFv2g0EYJXmtfeLIVfRYivpfIola-lRjTdoG_GqtW_HB-fzf7yJjTq_YcX_oXnNKNdPh8N-Xj2OL1-mA_5IPsEgi6JYA</recordid><startdate>201112</startdate><enddate>201112</enddate><creator>Jiang, Guangming</creator><creator>Zhao, Suhe</creator><creator>Li, Wenji</creator><creator>Luo, Jingyuan</creator><creator>Wang, Yaqin</creator><creator>Zhou, Quansheng</creator><creator>Zhang, Cuiru</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201112</creationdate><title>Microbial desulfurization of SBR ground rubber by Sphingomonas sp. and its utilization as filler in NR compounds</title><author>Jiang, Guangming ; Zhao, Suhe ; Li, Wenji ; Luo, Jingyuan ; Wang, Yaqin ; Zhou, Quansheng ; Zhang, Cuiru</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3739-6ee9395a4422b2ca40d44b24242ea2f44aa0c7bc69ecc1e83126c3f6fd0d0fa83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>crosslink density</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Cures</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Desulfurizing</topic><topic>Grounds</topic><topic>mechanical properties</topic><topic>microbial desulfurization</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Rubber</topic><topic>SBR ground rubber</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Sphingomonas sp</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Guangming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Suhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Wenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Jingyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yaqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Quansheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Cuiru</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Polymers for advanced technologies</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jiang, Guangming</au><au>Zhao, Suhe</au><au>Li, Wenji</au><au>Luo, Jingyuan</au><au>Wang, Yaqin</au><au>Zhou, Quansheng</au><au>Zhang, Cuiru</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microbial desulfurization of SBR ground rubber by Sphingomonas sp. and its utilization as filler in NR compounds</atitle><jtitle>Polymers for advanced technologies</jtitle><addtitle>Polym. Adv. Technol</addtitle><date>2011-12</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2344</spage><epage>2351</epage><pages>2344-2351</pages><issn>1042-7147</issn><issn>1099-1581</issn><eissn>1099-1581</eissn><abstract>Microbial desulfurization of waste tyre rubber has been investigated with great efforts since 1990s, because waste rubber has created serious ecological and environmental problems. A microbial desulfurization technique for SBR ground rubber has been developed by a novel sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. The adaptability of Sphingomonas sp. with SBR ground rubber was tested with the amounts of SBR ground rubber varying from 0.5 to 4% g/l. The sol fraction of desulfurized SBR ground rubber increased 70%, compared with SBR ground rubber without desulfurization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the desulfurized surface of vulcanized SBR flakes revealed that not only the oxidation of crosslinked SS and SC bonds, but also the rupture of CC double bonds had happened to SBR vulcanizates during microbial desulfurization. The cure characteristics, such as scorch time and optimum cure time of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled, were found to decrease with increasing contents of desulfurized SBR ground rubber, due to some reactive groups on its surface. NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had lower crosslink density and hardness, higher tensile strength and elongation at break, compared with those filled with SBR ground rubber of the same amount. Dynamic mechanical properties indicated that there were better crosslink distribution and stronger interfacial bonding between NR matrix and desulfurized SBR ground rubber. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that the fracture surfaces of NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had more smooth morphologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/pat.1769</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | crosslink density Crosslinking Cures Density Desulfurizing Grounds mechanical properties microbial desulfurization Microorganisms Rubber SBR ground rubber Scanning electron microscopy Sphingomonas sp |
title | Microbial desulfurization of SBR ground rubber by Sphingomonas sp. and its utilization as filler in NR compounds |
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