Obsolete pesticide storage sites and their POP release into the environment—an Armenian case study
Organochlorinated pesticides were widely applied in Armenia until the 1980s, like in all former Soviet Union republics. Subsequently, the problem of areas contaminated by organochlorinated pesticides emerged. Environmental, waste and food samples at one pesticide burial site (Nubarashen) and three f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2012-07, Vol.19 (6), p.1944-1952 |
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| creator | Dvorská, A. Šír, M. Honzajková, Z. Komprda, J. Čupr, P. Petrlík, J. Anakhasyan, E. Simonyan, L. Kubal, M. |
| description | Organochlorinated pesticides were widely applied in Armenia until the 1980s, like in all former Soviet Union republics. Subsequently, the problem of areas contaminated by organochlorinated pesticides emerged. Environmental, waste and food samples at one pesticide burial site (Nubarashen) and three former pesticide storage sites (Jrarat, Echmiadzin and Masis) were taken and analysed on the content of organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-
p
-dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Gradient sampling and diffusivity-based calculations provided information on the contamination release from the hot spots on a local scale. A risk analysis based on samples of locally produced food items characterised the impact of storage sites on the health of nearby residents. All four sites were found to be seriously contaminated. High pesticide levels and soil and air contamination gradients of several orders of magnitude were confirmed outside the fence of the Nubarashen burial site, confirming pesticide release. A storage in Jrarat, which was completely demolished in 1996 and contained numerous damaged bags with pure pesticides until 2011, was found to have polluted surrounding soils by wind dispersion of pesticide powders and air by significant evaporation of lindane and β-endosulfan during this period. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated eggs, sampled from hens roaming freely in the immediate surroundings of the Echmiadzin storage site, revealed a significant health risk for egg consumers above 1E−5. Although small in size and previously almost unknown to the public, storage sites like Echmiadzin, Masis and Jrarat were found to stock considerable amounts of obsolete pesticides and have a significant negative influence on the environment and human health. Multi-stakeholder cooperation proved to be successful in identifying such sites suspected to be significant sources of persistent organic pollutants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-012-0888-y |
| format | Article |
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p
-dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Gradient sampling and diffusivity-based calculations provided information on the contamination release from the hot spots on a local scale. A risk analysis based on samples of locally produced food items characterised the impact of storage sites on the health of nearby residents. All four sites were found to be seriously contaminated. High pesticide levels and soil and air contamination gradients of several orders of magnitude were confirmed outside the fence of the Nubarashen burial site, confirming pesticide release. A storage in Jrarat, which was completely demolished in 1996 and contained numerous damaged bags with pure pesticides until 2011, was found to have polluted surrounding soils by wind dispersion of pesticide powders and air by significant evaporation of lindane and β-endosulfan during this period. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated eggs, sampled from hens roaming freely in the immediate surroundings of the Echmiadzin storage site, revealed a significant health risk for egg consumers above 1E−5. Although small in size and previously almost unknown to the public, storage sites like Echmiadzin, Masis and Jrarat were found to stock considerable amounts of obsolete pesticides and have a significant negative influence on the environment and human health. Multi-stakeholder cooperation proved to be successful in identifying such sites suspected to be significant sources of persistent organic pollutants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0888-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22767292</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air pollution ; Aldrin - analysis ; Animals ; Aquatic Pollution ; Armenia ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Case studies ; Chickens ; Chlordan - analysis ; Conventions ; DDT ; DDT - analysis ; Dioxins ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Eggs - analysis ; Emissions ; Endosulfan ; Endrin - analysis ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution ; Evaporation ; Food contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food Contamination - analysis ; Furans ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Humans ; Landfill ; Lindane ; Milk - chemistry ; Organic contaminants ; PCB ; Persistent organic pollutants ; Pesticides ; Pesticides - adverse effects ; Pesticides - analysis ; Pollutants ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; POPs Workshop ; Research hot spots ; Risk analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Sampling ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil pollution ; Studies ; ten years after the signature of the Stockholm convention ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2012-07, Vol.19 (6), p.1944-1952</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-56fb58254e04f938be8d381a450cec26cfdd86d1bcdbfcfc13a420b15cd357d93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-56fb58254e04f938be8d381a450cec26cfdd86d1bcdbfcfc13a420b15cd357d93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-012-0888-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-012-0888-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767292$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dvorská, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Šír, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Honzajková, Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komprda, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Čupr, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrlík, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anakhasyan, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simonyan, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubal, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Obsolete pesticide storage sites and their POP release into the environment—an Armenian case study</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Organochlorinated pesticides were widely applied in Armenia until the 1980s, like in all former Soviet Union republics. Subsequently, the problem of areas contaminated by organochlorinated pesticides emerged. Environmental, waste and food samples at one pesticide burial site (Nubarashen) and three former pesticide storage sites (Jrarat, Echmiadzin and Masis) were taken and analysed on the content of organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-
p
-dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Gradient sampling and diffusivity-based calculations provided information on the contamination release from the hot spots on a local scale. A risk analysis based on samples of locally produced food items characterised the impact of storage sites on the health of nearby residents. All four sites were found to be seriously contaminated. High pesticide levels and soil and air contamination gradients of several orders of magnitude were confirmed outside the fence of the Nubarashen burial site, confirming pesticide release. A storage in Jrarat, which was completely demolished in 1996 and contained numerous damaged bags with pure pesticides until 2011, was found to have polluted surrounding soils by wind dispersion of pesticide powders and air by significant evaporation of lindane and β-endosulfan during this period. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated eggs, sampled from hens roaming freely in the immediate surroundings of the Echmiadzin storage site, revealed a significant health risk for egg consumers above 1E−5. Although small in size and previously almost unknown to the public, storage sites like Echmiadzin, Masis and Jrarat were found to stock considerable amounts of obsolete pesticides and have a significant negative influence on the environment and human health. Multi-stakeholder cooperation proved to be successful in identifying such sites suspected to be significant sources of persistent organic pollutants.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Aldrin - analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Armenia</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Chlordan - analysis</subject><subject>Conventions</subject><subject>DDT</subject><subject>DDT - analysis</subject><subject>Dioxins</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Eggs - analysis</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Endosulfan</subject><subject>Endrin - analysis</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollution</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food Contamination - analysis</subject><subject>Furans</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Landfill</subject><subject>Lindane</subject><subject>Milk - chemistry</subject><subject>Organic contaminants</subject><subject>PCB</subject><subject>Persistent organic pollutants</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Pesticides - adverse effects</subject><subject>Pesticides - analysis</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Polychlorinated biphenyls</subject><subject>POPs Workshop</subject><subject>Research hot spots</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>ten years after the signature of the Stockholm convention</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution 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pesticide storage sites and their POP release into the environment—an Armenian case study</title><author>Dvorská, A. ; Šír, M. ; Honzajková, Z. ; Komprda, J. ; Čupr, P. ; Petrlík, J. ; Anakhasyan, E. ; Simonyan, L. ; Kubal, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-56fb58254e04f938be8d381a450cec26cfdd86d1bcdbfcfc13a420b15cd357d93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Aldrin - analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Armenia</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Case studies</topic><topic>Chickens</topic><topic>Chlordan - analysis</topic><topic>Conventions</topic><topic>DDT</topic><topic>DDT - analysis</topic><topic>Dioxins</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental 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pesticide storage sites and their POP release into the environment—an Armenian case study</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2012-07-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1944</spage><epage>1952</epage><pages>1944-1952</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Organochlorinated pesticides were widely applied in Armenia until the 1980s, like in all former Soviet Union republics. Subsequently, the problem of areas contaminated by organochlorinated pesticides emerged. Environmental, waste and food samples at one pesticide burial site (Nubarashen) and three former pesticide storage sites (Jrarat, Echmiadzin and Masis) were taken and analysed on the content of organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-
p
-dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Gradient sampling and diffusivity-based calculations provided information on the contamination release from the hot spots on a local scale. A risk analysis based on samples of locally produced food items characterised the impact of storage sites on the health of nearby residents. All four sites were found to be seriously contaminated. High pesticide levels and soil and air contamination gradients of several orders of magnitude were confirmed outside the fence of the Nubarashen burial site, confirming pesticide release. A storage in Jrarat, which was completely demolished in 1996 and contained numerous damaged bags with pure pesticides until 2011, was found to have polluted surrounding soils by wind dispersion of pesticide powders and air by significant evaporation of lindane and β-endosulfan during this period. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated eggs, sampled from hens roaming freely in the immediate surroundings of the Echmiadzin storage site, revealed a significant health risk for egg consumers above 1E−5. Although small in size and previously almost unknown to the public, storage sites like Echmiadzin, Masis and Jrarat were found to stock considerable amounts of obsolete pesticides and have a significant negative influence on the environment and human health. Multi-stakeholder cooperation proved to be successful in identifying such sites suspected to be significant sources of persistent organic pollutants.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22767292</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-012-0888-y</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Aldrin - analysis Animals Aquatic Pollution Armenia Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Case studies Chickens Chlordan - analysis Conventions DDT DDT - analysis Dioxins Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Eggs - analysis Emissions Endosulfan Endrin - analysis Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution Evaporation Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food Contamination - analysis Furans Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Landfill Lindane Milk - chemistry Organic contaminants PCB Persistent organic pollutants Pesticides Pesticides - adverse effects Pesticides - analysis Pollutants Polychlorinated biphenyls POPs Workshop Research hot spots Risk analysis Risk Assessment Sampling Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil pollution Studies ten years after the signature of the Stockholm convention Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Obsolete pesticide storage sites and their POP release into the environment—an Armenian case study |
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