Lemon (Citrus limon, Burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid- (A, E) and water- (B6, C) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis
Synopsis Topical bioavailability of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti‐ageing formulations. Using 17‐day‐old SkinEthic® reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°C) the role of lemon EO in enhancing the penetration of α‐tocopherol (E) and retinyl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of cosmetic science 2012-08, Vol.34 (4), p.347-356 |
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| creator | Valgimigli, L. Gabbanini, S. Berlini, E. Lucchi, E. Beltramini, C. Bertarelli, Y. L. |
| description | Synopsis
Topical bioavailability of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti‐ageing formulations. Using 17‐day‐old SkinEthic® reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°C) the role of lemon EO in enhancing the penetration of α‐tocopherol (E) and retinyl acetate (A), pyridoxine (B6) and ascorbic acid (C), released from O/W or W/O emulsions. D‐limonene, α‐pinene and p‐cymene (65.9, 2.2 and 0.5%w/w of the oil) had skin permeability coefficients Ps (10−3 cm h−1) of 0.56 ± 0.03 (or 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (or 0.98 ± 0.05) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (or 1.14 ± 0.04), respectively, when incorporated in a W/O (or O/W) emulsion. Vitamins B6, C and A had Ps values of (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3 and (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectively, and their flux through the skin was enhanced by a factor of 4.1, 3.4 and 5.8, respectively, in the presence of lemon EO. The penetration of vitamin E was nine‐fold enhanced. Lemon EO produced only reversible modification of TEWL, and it is a safe and effective penetration enhancer for topical administration of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins.
Résumé
La biodisponibilité topique des vitamines liposolubles et hydrosolubles est un enjeu crucial pour les formulations anti‐âge ou avec effect protecteur.
Avec l’utilisation de SkinEthic®épiderme humain reconstitué (âgé de 17 jours) nous avons étudié (à 34°C) le rôle de l’huile essentielle de citron dans l’amélioration de la pénétration de α‐tocophérol (E) et l’acétate de rétinol (A), pyridoxine (vitamine B6) et acide ascorbique (C) libérés à partir d’émulsions O/W ou W/O. D‐limonène, α‐pinène et le p‐cymène (65.9, 2.2 et 0.5% p/p de l’huile) avaient les coefficients de perméabilité cutanée Ps (10−3cm h−1) de 0.56 ± 0.03 (ou 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (ou 0.98 ± 0.05), 0.84 ± 0.04 (ou 1.14 ± 0.04), respectivement, lorsqu’ils sont incorporés dans une émulsion W/O (ou O/W). Les vitamines B6, C et A avaient des valeurs de Ps de (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3, (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectivement, et le flux à travers la peau a été renforcée par un facteur de 4.1, 3.4 et 5.8 respectivement, en présence de l’huile essentielle de citron. La pénétration de la vitamine E a été renforcée par un un facteur de 9. L’huile essentielle de citron produit seulement modification réversible de la TEWL et il amélior la pénétration topique de vitamines hydrosolubles et liposolubles de façon sûre et efficace. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00725.x |
| format | Article |
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Topical bioavailability of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti‐ageing formulations. Using 17‐day‐old SkinEthic® reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°C) the role of lemon EO in enhancing the penetration of α‐tocopherol (E) and retinyl acetate (A), pyridoxine (B6) and ascorbic acid (C), released from O/W or W/O emulsions. D‐limonene, α‐pinene and p‐cymene (65.9, 2.2 and 0.5%w/w of the oil) had skin permeability coefficients Ps (10−3 cm h−1) of 0.56 ± 0.03 (or 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (or 0.98 ± 0.05) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (or 1.14 ± 0.04), respectively, when incorporated in a W/O (or O/W) emulsion. Vitamins B6, C and A had Ps values of (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3 and (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectively, and their flux through the skin was enhanced by a factor of 4.1, 3.4 and 5.8, respectively, in the presence of lemon EO. The penetration of vitamin E was nine‐fold enhanced. Lemon EO produced only reversible modification of TEWL, and it is a safe and effective penetration enhancer for topical administration of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins.
Résumé
La biodisponibilité topique des vitamines liposolubles et hydrosolubles est un enjeu crucial pour les formulations anti‐âge ou avec effect protecteur.
Avec l’utilisation de SkinEthic®épiderme humain reconstitué (âgé de 17 jours) nous avons étudié (à 34°C) le rôle de l’huile essentielle de citron dans l’amélioration de la pénétration de α‐tocophérol (E) et l’acétate de rétinol (A), pyridoxine (vitamine B6) et acide ascorbique (C) libérés à partir d’émulsions O/W ou W/O. D‐limonène, α‐pinène et le p‐cymène (65.9, 2.2 et 0.5% p/p de l’huile) avaient les coefficients de perméabilité cutanée Ps (10−3cm h−1) de 0.56 ± 0.03 (ou 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (ou 0.98 ± 0.05), 0.84 ± 0.04 (ou 1.14 ± 0.04), respectivement, lorsqu’ils sont incorporés dans une émulsion W/O (ou O/W). Les vitamines B6, C et A avaient des valeurs de Ps de (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3, (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectivement, et le flux à travers la peau a été renforcée par un facteur de 4.1, 3.4 et 5.8 respectivement, en présence de l’huile essentielle de citron. La pénétration de la vitamine E a été renforcée par un un facteur de 9. L’huile essentielle de citron produit seulement modification réversible de la TEWL et il amélior la pénétration topique de vitamines hydrosolubles et liposolubles de façon sûre et efficace.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0142-5463</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2494</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00725.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22515469</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJCMDW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Acetic acid ; Administration, Cutaneous ; alpha -Pinene ; alpha-Tocopherol - administration & dosage ; antioxidant ; Applied sciences ; Ascorbic acid ; Ascorbic Acid - administration & dosage ; Bioavailability ; Chemical industry and chemicals ; Citrus limon ; Cosmetics ; Cosmetics, toiletries ; Emulsions - administration & dosage ; Epidermis ; Epidermis - drug effects ; Epidermis - metabolism ; Essential oils ; Essential oils, perfumes ; Exact sciences and technology ; Humans ; Limonene ; Linear Models ; p-Cymene ; penetration enhancer ; Permeability ; Plant Oils - administration & dosage ; pyridoxine ; Pyridoxine - administration & dosage ; reconstructed human epidermis ; Skin ; Skin Absorption - drug effects ; Vitamin A - administration & dosage ; Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin B6 ; Vitamin E ; vitamins ; Washing products. Cosmetics and toiletries. Perfumes]]></subject><ispartof>International journal of cosmetic science, 2012-08, Vol.34 (4), p.347-356</ispartof><rights>2012 The Authors. ICS © 2012 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2012 The Authors. ICS © 2012 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5195-7a886ffdb3e5a2889306426c5ca220761294bb45d2a4b1f479b9558470dd23e33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5195-7a886ffdb3e5a2889306426c5ca220761294bb45d2a4b1f479b9558470dd23e33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2494.2012.00725.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2494.2012.00725.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26129000$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22515469$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Valgimigli, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabbanini, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berlini, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucchi, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beltramini, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertarelli, Y. L.</creatorcontrib><title>Lemon (Citrus limon, Burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid- (A, E) and water- (B6, C) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis</title><title>International journal of cosmetic science</title><addtitle>Int J Cosmet Sci</addtitle><description>Synopsis
Topical bioavailability of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti‐ageing formulations. Using 17‐day‐old SkinEthic® reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°C) the role of lemon EO in enhancing the penetration of α‐tocopherol (E) and retinyl acetate (A), pyridoxine (B6) and ascorbic acid (C), released from O/W or W/O emulsions. D‐limonene, α‐pinene and p‐cymene (65.9, 2.2 and 0.5%w/w of the oil) had skin permeability coefficients Ps (10−3 cm h−1) of 0.56 ± 0.03 (or 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (or 0.98 ± 0.05) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (or 1.14 ± 0.04), respectively, when incorporated in a W/O (or O/W) emulsion. Vitamins B6, C and A had Ps values of (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3 and (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectively, and their flux through the skin was enhanced by a factor of 4.1, 3.4 and 5.8, respectively, in the presence of lemon EO. The penetration of vitamin E was nine‐fold enhanced. Lemon EO produced only reversible modification of TEWL, and it is a safe and effective penetration enhancer for topical administration of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins.
Résumé
La biodisponibilité topique des vitamines liposolubles et hydrosolubles est un enjeu crucial pour les formulations anti‐âge ou avec effect protecteur.
Avec l’utilisation de SkinEthic®épiderme humain reconstitué (âgé de 17 jours) nous avons étudié (à 34°C) le rôle de l’huile essentielle de citron dans l’amélioration de la pénétration de α‐tocophérol (E) et l’acétate de rétinol (A), pyridoxine (vitamine B6) et acide ascorbique (C) libérés à partir d’émulsions O/W ou W/O. D‐limonène, α‐pinène et le p‐cymène (65.9, 2.2 et 0.5% p/p de l’huile) avaient les coefficients de perméabilité cutanée Ps (10−3cm h−1) de 0.56 ± 0.03 (ou 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (ou 0.98 ± 0.05), 0.84 ± 0.04 (ou 1.14 ± 0.04), respectivement, lorsqu’ils sont incorporés dans une émulsion W/O (ou O/W). Les vitamines B6, C et A avaient des valeurs de Ps de (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3, (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectivement, et le flux à travers la peau a été renforcée par un facteur de 4.1, 3.4 et 5.8 respectivement, en présence de l’huile essentielle de citron. La pénétration de la vitamine E a été renforcée par un un facteur de 9. L’huile essentielle de citron produit seulement modification réversible de la TEWL et il amélior la pénétration topique de vitamines hydrosolubles et liposolubles de façon sûre et efficace.</description><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Administration, Cutaneous</subject><subject>alpha -Pinene</subject><subject>alpha-Tocopherol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>antioxidant</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>Ascorbic Acid - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Chemical industry and chemicals</subject><subject>Citrus limon</subject><subject>Cosmetics</subject><subject>Cosmetics, toiletries</subject><subject>Emulsions - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Epidermis</subject><subject>Epidermis - drug effects</subject><subject>Epidermis - metabolism</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Essential oils, perfumes</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Limonene</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>p-Cymene</subject><subject>penetration enhancer</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Plant Oils - administration & dosage</subject><subject>pyridoxine</subject><subject>Pyridoxine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>reconstructed human epidermis</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin Absorption - drug effects</subject><subject>Vitamin A - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Vitamin B6</subject><subject>Vitamin E</subject><subject>vitamins</subject><subject>Washing products. Cosmetics and toiletries. Perfumes</subject><issn>0142-5463</issn><issn>1468-2494</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNktuO0zAQhiMEYsvCKyDfILVSE2zHThyJm92wlJUKSJxW4sZykonqkkPXTtjuw_FuTGgpt-sb2-Pvnxn7dxAQRiOG4_U2YiJRIReZiDhlPKI05TLaPwpmp4PHwYwywUMpkvgseOb9llIqMhU_Dc44lwzj2Sz4vYa278g8t4MbPWks7pbkcnRtVEcLAt5DN1jTkN42BLqN6UrwZNgAGZzpfAg7W4FrEXDQgPFA-hqzYDQk84sluVoQ01XkzgzgMHKZLEm-IL5vxqIB8ssOprWdJ7XrWzL0O1tiJmjHxtsew7bDtCWusLlygIpsxtZ05FjU-ufBk9o0Hl4c5_Pg27urr_n7cP1pdZ1frMNSskyGqVEqqeuqiEEarlQW00TwpJSl4ZymCeOZKAohK25EwWqRZkUmpRIprSoeQxyfB_ND3p3rb0fwg8biJTSN6aAfvWaUKxrHLE0fggqRSsUEouqAlq733kGtd862xt0jpCef9VZPdurJTj35rP_6rPcofXmsMhYtVCfhP2MReHUEjMc3rdGs0vr_3HRn_A_IvTlwd7aB-wc3oK_zL7hAeXiQWz_A_iQ37qdO0jiV-ubjSn-_-bFSn_MP-m38B-hF0eQ</recordid><startdate>201208</startdate><enddate>201208</enddate><creator>Valgimigli, L.</creator><creator>Gabbanini, S.</creator><creator>Berlini, E.</creator><creator>Lucchi, E.</creator><creator>Beltramini, C.</creator><creator>Bertarelli, Y. L.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201208</creationdate><title>Lemon (Citrus limon, Burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid- (A, E) and water- (B6, C) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis</title><author>Valgimigli, L. ; Gabbanini, S. ; Berlini, E. ; Lucchi, E. ; Beltramini, C. ; Bertarelli, Y. L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5195-7a886ffdb3e5a2889306426c5ca220761294bb45d2a4b1f479b9558470dd23e33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Administration, Cutaneous</topic><topic>alpha -Pinene</topic><topic>alpha-Tocopherol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>antioxidant</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Ascorbic acid</topic><topic>Ascorbic Acid - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Chemical industry and chemicals</topic><topic>Citrus limon</topic><topic>Cosmetics</topic><topic>Cosmetics, toiletries</topic><topic>Emulsions - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Epidermis</topic><topic>Epidermis - drug effects</topic><topic>Epidermis - metabolism</topic><topic>Essential oils</topic><topic>Essential oils, perfumes</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Limonene</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>p-Cymene</topic><topic>penetration enhancer</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Plant Oils - administration & dosage</topic><topic>pyridoxine</topic><topic>Pyridoxine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>reconstructed human epidermis</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin Absorption - drug effects</topic><topic>Vitamin A - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Vitamin B6</topic><topic>Vitamin E</topic><topic>vitamins</topic><topic>Washing products. Cosmetics and toiletries. Perfumes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Valgimigli, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabbanini, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berlini, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucchi, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beltramini, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertarelli, Y. L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>International journal of cosmetic science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Valgimigli, L.</au><au>Gabbanini, S.</au><au>Berlini, E.</au><au>Lucchi, E.</au><au>Beltramini, C.</au><au>Bertarelli, Y. L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lemon (Citrus limon, Burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid- (A, E) and water- (B6, C) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis</atitle><jtitle>International journal of cosmetic science</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Cosmet Sci</addtitle><date>2012-08</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>347</spage><epage>356</epage><pages>347-356</pages><issn>0142-5463</issn><eissn>1468-2494</eissn><coden>IJCMDW</coden><abstract>Synopsis
Topical bioavailability of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti‐ageing formulations. Using 17‐day‐old SkinEthic® reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°C) the role of lemon EO in enhancing the penetration of α‐tocopherol (E) and retinyl acetate (A), pyridoxine (B6) and ascorbic acid (C), released from O/W or W/O emulsions. D‐limonene, α‐pinene and p‐cymene (65.9, 2.2 and 0.5%w/w of the oil) had skin permeability coefficients Ps (10−3 cm h−1) of 0.56 ± 0.03 (or 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (or 0.98 ± 0.05) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (or 1.14 ± 0.04), respectively, when incorporated in a W/O (or O/W) emulsion. Vitamins B6, C and A had Ps values of (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3 and (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectively, and their flux through the skin was enhanced by a factor of 4.1, 3.4 and 5.8, respectively, in the presence of lemon EO. The penetration of vitamin E was nine‐fold enhanced. Lemon EO produced only reversible modification of TEWL, and it is a safe and effective penetration enhancer for topical administration of lipid‐ and water‐soluble vitamins.
Résumé
La biodisponibilité topique des vitamines liposolubles et hydrosolubles est un enjeu crucial pour les formulations anti‐âge ou avec effect protecteur.
Avec l’utilisation de SkinEthic®épiderme humain reconstitué (âgé de 17 jours) nous avons étudié (à 34°C) le rôle de l’huile essentielle de citron dans l’amélioration de la pénétration de α‐tocophérol (E) et l’acétate de rétinol (A), pyridoxine (vitamine B6) et acide ascorbique (C) libérés à partir d’émulsions O/W ou W/O. D‐limonène, α‐pinène et le p‐cymène (65.9, 2.2 et 0.5% p/p de l’huile) avaient les coefficients de perméabilité cutanée Ps (10−3cm h−1) de 0.56 ± 0.03 (ou 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (ou 0.98 ± 0.05), 0.84 ± 0.04 (ou 1.14 ± 0.04), respectivement, lorsqu’ils sont incorporés dans une émulsion W/O (ou O/W). Les vitamines B6, C et A avaient des valeurs de Ps de (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10−3, (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10−5 cm h−1, respectivement, et le flux à travers la peau a été renforcée par un facteur de 4.1, 3.4 et 5.8 respectivement, en présence de l’huile essentielle de citron. La pénétration de la vitamine E a été renforcée par un un facteur de 9. L’huile essentielle de citron produit seulement modification réversible de la TEWL et il amélior la pénétration topique de vitamines hydrosolubles et liposolubles de façon sûre et efficace.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22515469</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00725.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0142-5463 |
| ispartof | International journal of cosmetic science, 2012-08, Vol.34 (4), p.347-356 |
| issn | 0142-5463 1468-2494 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1028033177 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Acetic acid Administration, Cutaneous alpha -Pinene alpha-Tocopherol - administration & dosage antioxidant Applied sciences Ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid - administration & dosage Bioavailability Chemical industry and chemicals Citrus limon Cosmetics Cosmetics, toiletries Emulsions - administration & dosage Epidermis Epidermis - drug effects Epidermis - metabolism Essential oils Essential oils, perfumes Exact sciences and technology Humans Limonene Linear Models p-Cymene penetration enhancer Permeability Plant Oils - administration & dosage pyridoxine Pyridoxine - administration & dosage reconstructed human epidermis Skin Skin Absorption - drug effects Vitamin A - administration & dosage Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives Vitamin B6 Vitamin E vitamins Washing products. Cosmetics and toiletries. Perfumes |
| title | Lemon (Citrus limon, Burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid- (A, E) and water- (B6, C) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis |
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