The Physiology of the Axon Initial Segment
The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. The AIS has a remarkably complex molecular composition, with a wide variety...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annual review of neuroscience 2012-01, Vol.35 (1), p.249-265 |
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| container_title | Annual review of neuroscience |
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| creator | BENDER, Kevin J TRUSSELL, Laurence O |
| description | The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. The AIS has a remarkably complex molecular composition, with a wide variety of ion channels and attendant mechanisms for channel localization, and may feature membrane domains each with distinct roles in excitation. Its function may be regulated in the short term through the action of neurotransmitters, in the long term through activity- and Ca(2+)-dependent processes. Thus, the AIS is not merely the beginning of the axon, but rather a key site in the control of neuronal excitability. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150339 |
| format | Article |
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Psychology</subject><subject>Ion Channels - physiology</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Neurotransmitters</subject><subject>Synaptic Transmission - physiology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0147-006X</issn><issn>1545-4126</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0NtKxDAQgOEgirseXkEKIohQnUnSNMErEQ8LgoIK3pVsm2ilm2jSivv2RndV8MqrQPgmYX5CdhEOEbk40s4NwbzlzgzB5yAoIuZYAGNqhYyx4EXOkYpVMgbkZQ4gHkZkI8ZnAFAJrZMRpZyzAsoxObh7MtnN0zy2vvOP88zbrE83J-_eZRPX9q3uslvzODOu3yJrVnfRbC_PTXJ_fnZ3eplfXV9MTk-u8pqD7HPFaKksghCcCalNyYUVrGx0AzXatIGlU2klU9woKCxj1kja1LXSFqZNodkm2V-8-xL862BiX83aWJuu0874IVYIVAJDIYv_UFQSJPBEd__QZz8Elxb5VBRLZIVM6nih6uBjDMZWL6Gd6TBPqPqsXy3rV1_1q0X9alE_Te8s_ximM9P8zH7nTmBvCXSsdWeDdnUbf50oWUmVYB94CI6w</recordid><startdate>20120101</startdate><enddate>20120101</enddate><creator>BENDER, Kevin J</creator><creator>TRUSSELL, Laurence O</creator><general>Annual Reviews</general><general>Annual Reviews, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120101</creationdate><title>The Physiology of the Axon Initial Segment</title><author>BENDER, Kevin J ; TRUSSELL, Laurence O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-93279f10664368ae746f637dad0c1f114f2b8f8394e905f33fe82dcc9af0bd5a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Action potential</topic><topic>Action Potentials - physiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Axons - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>Electrophysiology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Ion Channels - physiology</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</topic><topic>Neurons</topic><topic>Neurons - physiology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Neurotransmitters</topic><topic>Synaptic Transmission - physiology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>BENDER, Kevin J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TRUSSELL, Laurence O</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annual review of neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>BENDER, Kevin J</au><au>TRUSSELL, Laurence O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Physiology of the Axon Initial Segment</atitle><jtitle>Annual review of neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>Annu Rev Neurosci</addtitle><date>2012-01-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>249</spage><epage>265</epage><pages>249-265</pages><issn>0147-006X</issn><eissn>1545-4126</eissn><coden>ARNSD5</coden><abstract>The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. 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| ispartof | Annual review of neuroscience, 2012-01, Vol.35 (1), p.249-265 |
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| source | Annual Reviews; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Action potential Action Potentials - physiology Animals Axons - physiology Biological and medical sciences Calcium Central nervous system Electrophysiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Ion Channels - physiology Membranes Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Neurons Neurons - physiology Neurosciences Neurotransmitters Synaptic Transmission - physiology Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
| title | The Physiology of the Axon Initial Segment |
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