Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan
Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2012-08, Vol.184 (8), p.4623-4634 |
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| creator | Ali, Muhammad Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed Waheed, Abdul Baloch, Muzahir Ali Qayyum, Hamza Tufail, Muhammad Khan, Hameed Ahmed |
| description | Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th, and
40
K were found to be 14.32 ± 0.24, 2.05 ± 0.04, and 13.80 ± 0.20 Bq kg
−1
, respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to
226
Ra were found to be higher when compared with
40
K and
232
Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra
eq
), internal hazard (H
in
), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D
R,
), and corresponding annual effective dose (E
eff
) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-011-2290-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1028030199</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2702216821</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-34bce29bca6e28006df0562356dd2eb3cf521138e3e153719878fe4ac449c4763</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kF1LwzAUhoMobk5_gDcS8MYLqzlJkzaXY6gTNiei1yVN09nZj5m0F_rrTekUEbwKnDznPS8PQqdAroCQ6NoBEQICAhBQKknA99AYeMQCKrncR2MCIgoEE3KEjpzbEEJkFMpDNKIQSyqAj9Fq6pxxrjJ1i5scW5UVTdmsC61K_Ko-lc368cPqaYmLGi-VXauyVHhelKXDZVEZ1za1ucSP6q1wraqP0UGuSmdOdu8EvdzePM_mwWJ1dz-bLgIdEt4GLEy1oTLVShgaEyKynHBBGRdZRk3KdM4pAIsNM8BZBDKO4tyESoeh1GEk2ARdDLlb27x3vkVSFU4b3602TecSID6WEZDSo-d_0E3T2dq36ynmVQgeewoGStvGOWvyZGuLStkPDyW97WSwnXjbSW874X7nbJfcpZXJfja-9XqADoDzX_Xa2N-n_0v9AqaziAg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1023189658</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Ali, Muhammad ; Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed ; Waheed, Abdul ; Baloch, Muzahir Ali ; Qayyum, Hamza ; Tufail, Muhammad ; Khan, Hameed Ahmed</creator><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhammad ; Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed ; Waheed, Abdul ; Baloch, Muzahir Ali ; Qayyum, Hamza ; Tufail, Muhammad ; Khan, Hameed Ahmed</creatorcontrib><description>Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th, and
40
K were found to be 14.32 ± 0.24, 2.05 ± 0.04, and 13.80 ± 0.20 Bq kg
−1
, respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to
226
Ra were found to be higher when compared with
40
K and
232
Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra
eq
), internal hazard (H
in
), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D
R,
), and corresponding annual effective dose (E
eff
) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2290-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21892615</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Building materials ; Calcium Carbonate - chemistry ; Construction ; Construction materials ; Construction Materials - analysis ; Construction Materials - statistics & numerical data ; Data acquisition ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental monitoring ; Germanium ; Health hazards ; Hills ; Human exposure ; Limestone ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; National parks ; Pakistan ; Radiation ; Radiation Monitoring ; Radioactive materials ; Radioactivity ; Radium ; Radon ; Risk Assessment ; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2012-08, Vol.184 (8), p.4623-4634</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-34bce29bca6e28006df0562356dd2eb3cf521138e3e153719878fe4ac449c4763</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-34bce29bca6e28006df0562356dd2eb3cf521138e3e153719878fe4ac449c4763</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-011-2290-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-011-2290-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21892615$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waheed, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baloch, Muzahir Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qayyum, Hamza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tufail, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Hameed Ahmed</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th, and
40
K were found to be 14.32 ± 0.24, 2.05 ± 0.04, and 13.80 ± 0.20 Bq kg
−1
, respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to
226
Ra were found to be higher when compared with
40
K and
232
Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra
eq
), internal hazard (H
in
), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D
R,
), and corresponding annual effective dose (E
eff
) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man.</description><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Building materials</subject><subject>Calcium Carbonate - chemistry</subject><subject>Construction</subject><subject>Construction materials</subject><subject>Construction Materials - analysis</subject><subject>Construction Materials - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Data acquisition</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Germanium</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Hills</subject><subject>Human exposure</subject><subject>Limestone</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>National parks</subject><subject>Pakistan</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation Monitoring</subject><subject>Radioactive materials</subject><subject>Radioactivity</subject><subject>Radium</subject><subject>Radon</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0167-6369</issn><issn>1573-2959</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kF1LwzAUhoMobk5_gDcS8MYLqzlJkzaXY6gTNiei1yVN09nZj5m0F_rrTekUEbwKnDznPS8PQqdAroCQ6NoBEQICAhBQKknA99AYeMQCKrncR2MCIgoEE3KEjpzbEEJkFMpDNKIQSyqAj9Fq6pxxrjJ1i5scW5UVTdmsC61K_Ko-lc368cPqaYmLGi-VXauyVHhelKXDZVEZ1za1ucSP6q1wraqP0UGuSmdOdu8EvdzePM_mwWJ1dz-bLgIdEt4GLEy1oTLVShgaEyKynHBBGRdZRk3KdM4pAIsNM8BZBDKO4tyESoeh1GEk2ARdDLlb27x3vkVSFU4b3602TecSID6WEZDSo-d_0E3T2dq36ynmVQgeewoGStvGOWvyZGuLStkPDyW97WSwnXjbSW874X7nbJfcpZXJfja-9XqADoDzX_Xa2N-n_0v9AqaziAg</recordid><startdate>20120801</startdate><enddate>20120801</enddate><creator>Ali, Muhammad</creator><creator>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</creator><creator>Waheed, Abdul</creator><creator>Baloch, Muzahir Ali</creator><creator>Qayyum, Hamza</creator><creator>Tufail, Muhammad</creator><creator>Khan, Hameed Ahmed</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120801</creationdate><title>Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan</title><author>Ali, Muhammad ; Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed ; Waheed, Abdul ; Baloch, Muzahir Ali ; Qayyum, Hamza ; Tufail, Muhammad ; Khan, Hameed Ahmed</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-34bce29bca6e28006df0562356dd2eb3cf521138e3e153719878fe4ac449c4763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Building materials</topic><topic>Calcium Carbonate - chemistry</topic><topic>Construction</topic><topic>Construction materials</topic><topic>Construction Materials - analysis</topic><topic>Construction Materials - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Data acquisition</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Germanium</topic><topic>Health hazards</topic><topic>Hills</topic><topic>Human exposure</topic><topic>Limestone</topic><topic>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</topic><topic>National parks</topic><topic>Pakistan</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Radiation Monitoring</topic><topic>Radioactive materials</topic><topic>Radioactivity</topic><topic>Radium</topic><topic>Radon</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waheed, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baloch, Muzahir Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qayyum, Hamza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tufail, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Hameed Ahmed</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th, and
40
K were found to be 14.32 ± 0.24, 2.05 ± 0.04, and 13.80 ± 0.20 Bq kg
−1
, respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to
226
Ra were found to be higher when compared with
40
K and
232
Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra
eq
), internal hazard (H
in
), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D
R,
), and corresponding annual effective dose (E
eff
) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>21892615</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-011-2290-5</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0167-6369 1573-2959 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Building materials Calcium Carbonate - chemistry Construction Construction materials Construction Materials - analysis Construction Materials - statistics & numerical data Data acquisition Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental monitoring Germanium Health hazards Hills Human exposure Limestone Monitoring/Environmental Analysis National parks Pakistan Radiation Radiation Monitoring Radioactive materials Radioactivity Radium Radon Risk Assessment Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis Studies |
| title | Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan |
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