Naringin Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Increasing BDNF and VEGF Expression, Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury
The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of starting naringin treatment 1 day after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rat and to investigate the underlying mechanism. SCI was induced using the modified weight-drop method in Sprague–Dawley rats. The SCI animals were randomly divided...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neurochemical research 2012-08, Vol.37 (8), p.1615-1623 |
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| creator | Rong, Wei Wang, Jun Liu, Xiaoguang Jiang, Liang Wei, Feng Hu, Xing Han, Xiaoguang Liu, Zhongjun |
| description | The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of starting naringin treatment 1 day after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rat and to investigate the underlying mechanism. SCI was induced using the modified weight-drop method in Sprague–Dawley rats. The SCI animals were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle-treated group; 20 mg/kg naringin-treated group; 40 mg/kg naringin-treated group, and additionally with sham group (laminectomy only). Locomotors functional recovery was assessed during the 6 weeks post operation period by performing open-field locomotors tests and inclined-plane tests. At the end of the study, the segments of spinal cord encompassing the injury site were removed for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The apoptotic neural cells were assessed using the TUNEL method. The results showed that the naringin-treated animals had significantly better locomotor function recovery, less myelin loss, and higher expression of BDNF and VEGF. In addition, naringin treatment significantly increased in Bcl-2:Bax ratio, reduced the enzyme activity of caspase-3 and decreased the number of apoptotic cells after SCI. These findings suggest that naringin treatment starting 1 day after SCI can significantly improve locomotor recovery, and this neuroprotective effect may be related to the upregulation of BDNF and VEGF and the inhibition of neural apoptosis. Therefore, naringin may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for SCI. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11064-012-0756-7 |
| format | Article |
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SCI was induced using the modified weight-drop method in Sprague–Dawley rats. The SCI animals were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle-treated group; 20 mg/kg naringin-treated group; 40 mg/kg naringin-treated group, and additionally with sham group (laminectomy only). Locomotors functional recovery was assessed during the 6 weeks post operation period by performing open-field locomotors tests and inclined-plane tests. At the end of the study, the segments of spinal cord encompassing the injury site were removed for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The apoptotic neural cells were assessed using the TUNEL method. The results showed that the naringin-treated animals had significantly better locomotor function recovery, less myelin loss, and higher expression of BDNF and VEGF. In addition, naringin treatment significantly increased in Bcl-2:Bax ratio, reduced the enzyme activity of caspase-3 and decreased the number of apoptotic cells after SCI. These findings suggest that naringin treatment starting 1 day after SCI can significantly improve locomotor recovery, and this neuroprotective effect may be related to the upregulation of BDNF and VEGF and the inhibition of neural apoptosis. Therefore, naringin may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for SCI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-3190</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6903</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0756-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22453521</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bax protein ; Bcl-2 protein ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - biosynthesis ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Caspase-3 ; Cell Biology ; Chronic lymphatic leukemia ; Enzymes ; Female ; Flavanones - administration & dosage ; Flavanones - therapeutic use ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes B ; Motor Activity - drug effects ; Myelin ; Myelin Sheath - drug effects ; Neurochemistry ; Neurology ; Neuroprotection ; Neurosciences ; Original Paper ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recovery of function ; Recovery of Function - drug effects ; Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy ; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology ; Spinal cord injury ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - biosynthesis ; Western blotting ; X protein</subject><ispartof>Neurochemical research, 2012-08, Vol.37 (8), p.1615-1623</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-e7eaf0117b3e64ea7c6e707de3692d11a0530fb7d9189322e2def21b185b4bac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-e7eaf0117b3e64ea7c6e707de3692d11a0530fb7d9189322e2def21b185b4bac3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11064-012-0756-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11064-012-0756-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453521$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rong, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Xiaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhongjun</creatorcontrib><title>Naringin Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Increasing BDNF and VEGF Expression, Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury</title><title>Neurochemical research</title><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><description>The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of starting naringin treatment 1 day after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rat and to investigate the underlying mechanism. SCI was induced using the modified weight-drop method in Sprague–Dawley rats. The SCI animals were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle-treated group; 20 mg/kg naringin-treated group; 40 mg/kg naringin-treated group, and additionally with sham group (laminectomy only). Locomotors functional recovery was assessed during the 6 weeks post operation period by performing open-field locomotors tests and inclined-plane tests. At the end of the study, the segments of spinal cord encompassing the injury site were removed for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The apoptotic neural cells were assessed using the TUNEL method. The results showed that the naringin-treated animals had significantly better locomotor function recovery, less myelin loss, and higher expression of BDNF and VEGF. In addition, naringin treatment significantly increased in Bcl-2:Bax ratio, reduced the enzyme activity of caspase-3 and decreased the number of apoptotic cells after SCI. These findings suggest that naringin treatment starting 1 day after SCI can significantly improve locomotor recovery, and this neuroprotective effect may be related to the upregulation of BDNF and VEGF and the inhibition of neural apoptosis. Therefore, naringin may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for SCI.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Bax protein</subject><subject>Bcl-2 protein</subject><subject>bcl-2-Associated X Protein</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</subject><subject>Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Caspase Inhibitors</subject><subject>Caspase-3</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Chronic lymphatic leukemia</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flavanones - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Flavanones - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Lymphocytes B</subject><subject>Motor Activity - drug effects</subject><subject>Myelin</subject><subject>Myelin Sheath - drug effects</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neuroprotection</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Recovery of function</subject><subject>Recovery of Function - drug effects</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Spinal cord injury</subject><subject>Vascular endothelial growth factor</subject><subject>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Western blotting</subject><subject>X protein</subject><issn>0364-3190</issn><issn>1573-6903</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1r3DAQhkVoSLZpfkAuRZBLD3E7I9nS-rjd7KYLYQtt2quR7XGiZf0RyQ7ZP9HfXDmbhlAo9CQYPe87DA9jZwgfEUB_8oig4ghQRKATFekDNsFEy0ilIN-wCcjwKzGFY_bW-w1ASAk8YsdCxIlMBE7Yr7Vxtrm1Db9xZPqamp6v6s61D-T5cmiK3raN2fJvVISR2_F8x1dNEVgfYvzz5XrJTVPyn4urJV88do68D4mLAN3Z3PYjtKbBPZXMurbrW289n1U9Of69s-N43roy8JvB7d6xw8psPZ0-vyfsx3JxM_8SXX-9Ws1n11ERa-wj0mQqQNS5JBWT0YUiDbokqVJRIhpIJFS5LlOcplIIEiVVAnOcJnmcm0KesA_73nDp_UC-z2rrC9puTUPt4DMEMQWRagH_g0qRJlLpgJ7_hW7awYUTnyih46lSGCjcU4VrvXdUZZ2ztXG7AGWj12zvNQtes9FrNja_f24e8prKl8QfkQEQe8B3o09yr1f_q_U3ek-teQ</recordid><startdate>20120801</startdate><enddate>20120801</enddate><creator>Rong, Wei</creator><creator>Wang, Jun</creator><creator>Liu, Xiaoguang</creator><creator>Jiang, Liang</creator><creator>Wei, Feng</creator><creator>Hu, Xing</creator><creator>Han, Xiaoguang</creator><creator>Liu, Zhongjun</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120801</creationdate><title>Naringin Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Increasing BDNF and VEGF Expression, Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury</title><author>Rong, Wei ; Wang, Jun ; Liu, Xiaoguang ; Jiang, Liang ; Wei, Feng ; Hu, Xing ; Han, Xiaoguang ; Liu, Zhongjun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-e7eaf0117b3e64ea7c6e707de3692d11a0530fb7d9189322e2def21b185b4bac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Bax protein</topic><topic>Bcl-2 protein</topic><topic>bcl-2-Associated X Protein</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</topic><topic>Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Caspase Inhibitors</topic><topic>Caspase-3</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Chronic lymphatic leukemia</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flavanones - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Flavanones - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Motor Activity - drug effects</topic><topic>Myelin</topic><topic>Myelin Sheath - drug effects</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neuroprotection</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Recovery of function</topic><topic>Recovery of Function - drug effects</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Spinal cord injury</topic><topic>Vascular endothelial growth factor</topic><topic>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Western blotting</topic><topic>X protein</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rong, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Xiaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhongjun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neurochemical research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rong, Wei</au><au>Wang, Jun</au><au>Liu, Xiaoguang</au><au>Jiang, Liang</au><au>Wei, Feng</au><au>Hu, Xing</au><au>Han, Xiaoguang</au><au>Liu, Zhongjun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Naringin Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Increasing BDNF and VEGF Expression, Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury</atitle><jtitle>Neurochemical research</jtitle><stitle>Neurochem Res</stitle><addtitle>Neurochem Res</addtitle><date>2012-08-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1615</spage><epage>1623</epage><pages>1615-1623</pages><issn>0364-3190</issn><eissn>1573-6903</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of starting naringin treatment 1 day after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rat and to investigate the underlying mechanism. SCI was induced using the modified weight-drop method in Sprague–Dawley rats. The SCI animals were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle-treated group; 20 mg/kg naringin-treated group; 40 mg/kg naringin-treated group, and additionally with sham group (laminectomy only). Locomotors functional recovery was assessed during the 6 weeks post operation period by performing open-field locomotors tests and inclined-plane tests. At the end of the study, the segments of spinal cord encompassing the injury site were removed for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The apoptotic neural cells were assessed using the TUNEL method. The results showed that the naringin-treated animals had significantly better locomotor function recovery, less myelin loss, and higher expression of BDNF and VEGF. In addition, naringin treatment significantly increased in Bcl-2:Bax ratio, reduced the enzyme activity of caspase-3 and decreased the number of apoptotic cells after SCI. These findings suggest that naringin treatment starting 1 day after SCI can significantly improve locomotor recovery, and this neuroprotective effect may be related to the upregulation of BDNF and VEGF and the inhibition of neural apoptosis. Therefore, naringin may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for SCI.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>22453521</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11064-012-0756-7</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Apoptosis Bax protein Bcl-2 protein bcl-2-Associated X Protein Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - biosynthesis Caspase Inhibitors Caspase-3 Cell Biology Chronic lymphatic leukemia Enzymes Female Flavanones - administration & dosage Flavanones - therapeutic use Immunohistochemistry Lymphocytes B Motor Activity - drug effects Myelin Myelin Sheath - drug effects Neurochemistry Neurology Neuroprotection Neurosciences Original Paper Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Recovery of function Recovery of Function - drug effects Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology Spinal cord injury Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - biosynthesis Western blotting X protein |
| title | Naringin Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Increasing BDNF and VEGF Expression, Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury |
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