Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Map of the Kaduna State showing Local Government Areas (LGA) with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon Infections” [Display omitted] ► Transmission of enteric parasites in patients in Nigeria was examined. ► Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes/subtypes found were anthroponotic in origin. ►...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Experimental parasitology 2012-08, Vol.131 (4), p.452-456 |
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| creator | Maikai, Beatty V. Umoh, Jarlath U. Lawal, Idris A. Kudi, Ayuba C. Ejembi, Clara L. Xiao, Lihua |
| description | Map of the Kaduna State showing Local Government Areas (LGA) with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon Infections” [Display omitted]
► Transmission of enteric parasites in patients in Nigeria was examined. ► Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes/subtypes found were anthroponotic in origin. ► Both anthroponotic and zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes were seen. ► Anthroponotic transmission may be important in epidemiology of enteric parasites.
The use of molecular diagnostic tools in epidemiological investigations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon has provided new insights into their diversity and transmission pathways. In this study, 157 stool specimens from 2-month to 70-year-old patients were collected, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to detect and differentiate Cryptosporidium species, and DNA sequence analysis of the 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to subtype Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in the specimens were detected using PCR and sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), respectively. C. hominis and C. parvum were found in two (1.3%) and one (0.6%) specimen respectively, comprising of Ia and IIe (with 8 nucleotide substitutions) subtype families. The G. duodenalis A2 subtype was detected in five (3.2%) specimens, while four genotypes of E. bieneusi, namely A, type IV, D and WL7 were found in 10 (6.4%) specimens. Children aged two years or younger had the highest occurrence of Cryptosporidium (4.4%) and Enterocytozoon (13.0%) while children of 6 to 17years had the highest Giardia infection rate (40.0%). No Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon were detected in patients older than 60years. Enterocytozoon had high infection rates in both HIV-positive (3.3%) and HIV-negative (8.3%) patients. Results of the study suggest that anthroponotic transmission may be important in the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis while zoonotic transmissions may also play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.011 |
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► Transmission of enteric parasites in patients in Nigeria was examined. ► Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes/subtypes found were anthroponotic in origin. ► Both anthroponotic and zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes were seen. ► Anthroponotic transmission may be important in epidemiology of enteric parasites.
The use of molecular diagnostic tools in epidemiological investigations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon has provided new insights into their diversity and transmission pathways. In this study, 157 stool specimens from 2-month to 70-year-old patients were collected, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to detect and differentiate Cryptosporidium species, and DNA sequence analysis of the 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to subtype Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in the specimens were detected using PCR and sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), respectively. C. hominis and C. parvum were found in two (1.3%) and one (0.6%) specimen respectively, comprising of Ia and IIe (with 8 nucleotide substitutions) subtype families. The G. duodenalis A2 subtype was detected in five (3.2%) specimens, while four genotypes of E. bieneusi, namely A, type IV, D and WL7 were found in 10 (6.4%) specimens. Children aged two years or younger had the highest occurrence of Cryptosporidium (4.4%) and Enterocytozoon (13.0%) while children of 6 to 17years had the highest Giardia infection rate (40.0%). No Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon were detected in patients older than 60years. Enterocytozoon had high infection rates in both HIV-positive (3.3%) and HIV-negative (8.3%) patients. Results of the study suggest that anthroponotic transmission may be important in the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis while zoonotic transmissions may also play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-4894</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2449</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22664352</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; children ; Cryptosporidiosis - complications ; Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology ; Cryptosporidium ; Cryptosporidium - classification ; Cryptosporidium - genetics ; Cryptosporidium hominis ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; DNA ; Enterocytozoon ; Enterocytozoon - classification ; Enterocytozoon - genetics ; epidemiological studies ; feces ; Feces - parasitology ; Female ; genes ; Genotype ; Giardia ; Giardia lamblia ; Giardia lamblia - classification ; Giardia lamblia - genetics ; Giardiasis - complications ; Giardiasis - epidemiology ; Giardiasis - parasitology ; glycoproteins ; HIV Infections - complications ; Humans ; Infant ; internal transcribed spacers ; Male ; Microsporidiosis - complications ; Microsporidiosis - epidemiology ; Microsporidiosis - parasitology ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Nigeria - epidemiology ; parasitology ; patients ; polymerase chain reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; ribosomal RNA ; Risk Factors ; sequence analysis ; triose-phosphate isomerase ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Experimental parasitology, 2012-08, Vol.131 (4), p.452-456</ispartof><rights>2012</rights><rights>Published by Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-68a6c8894e64c493ca38f6ab4bcf7943fcd3beb36c6c2c232dd48269a52358dd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-68a6c8894e64c493ca38f6ab4bcf7943fcd3beb36c6c2c232dd48269a52358dd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.011$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664352$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maikai, Beatty V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umoh, Jarlath U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawal, Idris A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kudi, Ayuba C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejembi, Clara L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Lihua</creatorcontrib><title>Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria</title><title>Experimental parasitology</title><addtitle>Exp Parasitol</addtitle><description>Map of the Kaduna State showing Local Government Areas (LGA) with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon Infections” [Display omitted]
► Transmission of enteric parasites in patients in Nigeria was examined. ► Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes/subtypes found were anthroponotic in origin. ► Both anthroponotic and zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes were seen. ► Anthroponotic transmission may be important in epidemiology of enteric parasites.
The use of molecular diagnostic tools in epidemiological investigations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon has provided new insights into their diversity and transmission pathways. In this study, 157 stool specimens from 2-month to 70-year-old patients were collected, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to detect and differentiate Cryptosporidium species, and DNA sequence analysis of the 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to subtype Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in the specimens were detected using PCR and sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), respectively. C. hominis and C. parvum were found in two (1.3%) and one (0.6%) specimen respectively, comprising of Ia and IIe (with 8 nucleotide substitutions) subtype families. The G. duodenalis A2 subtype was detected in five (3.2%) specimens, while four genotypes of E. bieneusi, namely A, type IV, D and WL7 were found in 10 (6.4%) specimens. Children aged two years or younger had the highest occurrence of Cryptosporidium (4.4%) and Enterocytozoon (13.0%) while children of 6 to 17years had the highest Giardia infection rate (40.0%). No Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon were detected in patients older than 60years. Enterocytozoon had high infection rates in both HIV-positive (3.3%) and HIV-negative (8.3%) patients. Results of the study suggest that anthroponotic transmission may be important in the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis while zoonotic transmissions may also play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>children</subject><subject>Cryptosporidiosis - complications</subject><subject>Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium - classification</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium - genetics</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium hominis</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium parvum</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Enterocytozoon</subject><subject>Enterocytozoon - classification</subject><subject>Enterocytozoon - genetics</subject><subject>epidemiological studies</subject><subject>feces</subject><subject>Feces - parasitology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Giardia</subject><subject>Giardia lamblia</subject><subject>Giardia lamblia - classification</subject><subject>Giardia lamblia - genetics</subject><subject>Giardiasis - complications</subject><subject>Giardiasis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Giardiasis - parasitology</subject><subject>glycoproteins</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>internal transcribed spacers</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microsporidiosis - complications</subject><subject>Microsporidiosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Microsporidiosis - parasitology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nigeria</subject><subject>Nigeria - epidemiology</subject><subject>parasitology</subject><subject>patients</subject><subject>polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</subject><subject>restriction fragment length polymorphism</subject><subject>ribosomal RNA</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>sequence analysis</subject><subject>triose-phosphate isomerase</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0014-4894</issn><issn>1090-2449</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1DAURi0EokPhEQAvWUxS_4-zQtWoFEQLi9K1dWM7rUdJHOwEMX16XM3QbVfXi_N99-oYofeU1JRQdbar_d9pggQ1I5TVRNaE0hdoRUlDKiZE8xKtCKGiEroRJ-hNzjtCiKZMvEYnjCkluGQrNF7H3tulh4TtfWmzs0_hAeYQx4xjh7dpP80xTzEFF5ZhjS8DJBdgjWF0-GIseLT7OT7EOOIw4vtlgJIsr-_glhHwzQyzX-Mf4a4Uw1v0qoM--3fHeYpuv1z82n6trn5eftueX1VWSDlXSoOyuhzulbCi4Ra47hS0orXdphG8s463vuXKKsss48w5oZlqQDIutXP8FH069E4p_l58ns0QsvV9D6OPSzaUsI3SxcemoPKA2hRzTr4zUwoDpH2BzKNqszNH1eZRtSHSFNUl9-G4YmkH755S_90W4OMB6CAauEshm9ub0iDLt2y40qoQnw-ELyr-BJ9MtsGP1ruQvJ2Ni-GZI_4BwOidJg</recordid><startdate>20120801</startdate><enddate>20120801</enddate><creator>Maikai, Beatty V.</creator><creator>Umoh, Jarlath U.</creator><creator>Lawal, Idris A.</creator><creator>Kudi, Ayuba C.</creator><creator>Ejembi, Clara L.</creator><creator>Xiao, Lihua</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120801</creationdate><title>Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria</title><author>Maikai, Beatty V. ; Umoh, Jarlath U. ; Lawal, Idris A. ; Kudi, Ayuba C. ; Ejembi, Clara L. ; Xiao, Lihua</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-68a6c8894e64c493ca38f6ab4bcf7943fcd3beb36c6c2c232dd48269a52358dd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>children</topic><topic>Cryptosporidiosis - complications</topic><topic>Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology</topic><topic>Cryptosporidium</topic><topic>Cryptosporidium - classification</topic><topic>Cryptosporidium - genetics</topic><topic>Cryptosporidium hominis</topic><topic>Cryptosporidium parvum</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Enterocytozoon</topic><topic>Enterocytozoon - classification</topic><topic>Enterocytozoon - genetics</topic><topic>epidemiological studies</topic><topic>feces</topic><topic>Feces - parasitology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>genes</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Giardia</topic><topic>Giardia lamblia</topic><topic>Giardia lamblia - classification</topic><topic>Giardia lamblia - genetics</topic><topic>Giardiasis - complications</topic><topic>Giardiasis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Giardiasis - parasitology</topic><topic>glycoproteins</topic><topic>HIV Infections - complications</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>internal transcribed spacers</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microsporidiosis - complications</topic><topic>Microsporidiosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Microsporidiosis - parasitology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nigeria</topic><topic>Nigeria - epidemiology</topic><topic>parasitology</topic><topic>patients</topic><topic>polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</topic><topic>restriction fragment length polymorphism</topic><topic>ribosomal RNA</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>sequence analysis</topic><topic>triose-phosphate isomerase</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maikai, Beatty V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umoh, Jarlath U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawal, Idris A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kudi, Ayuba C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejembi, Clara L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Lihua</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Experimental parasitology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maikai, Beatty V.</au><au>Umoh, Jarlath U.</au><au>Lawal, Idris A.</au><au>Kudi, Ayuba C.</au><au>Ejembi, Clara L.</au><au>Xiao, Lihua</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria</atitle><jtitle>Experimental parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>Exp Parasitol</addtitle><date>2012-08-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>131</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>452</spage><epage>456</epage><pages>452-456</pages><issn>0014-4894</issn><eissn>1090-2449</eissn><abstract>Map of the Kaduna State showing Local Government Areas (LGA) with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon Infections” [Display omitted]
► Transmission of enteric parasites in patients in Nigeria was examined. ► Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes/subtypes found were anthroponotic in origin. ► Both anthroponotic and zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes were seen. ► Anthroponotic transmission may be important in epidemiology of enteric parasites.
The use of molecular diagnostic tools in epidemiological investigations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon has provided new insights into their diversity and transmission pathways. In this study, 157 stool specimens from 2-month to 70-year-old patients were collected, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to detect and differentiate Cryptosporidium species, and DNA sequence analysis of the 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to subtype Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in the specimens were detected using PCR and sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), respectively. C. hominis and C. parvum were found in two (1.3%) and one (0.6%) specimen respectively, comprising of Ia and IIe (with 8 nucleotide substitutions) subtype families. The G. duodenalis A2 subtype was detected in five (3.2%) specimens, while four genotypes of E. bieneusi, namely A, type IV, D and WL7 were found in 10 (6.4%) specimens. Children aged two years or younger had the highest occurrence of Cryptosporidium (4.4%) and Enterocytozoon (13.0%) while children of 6 to 17years had the highest Giardia infection rate (40.0%). No Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon were detected in patients older than 60years. Enterocytozoon had high infection rates in both HIV-positive (3.3%) and HIV-negative (8.3%) patients. Results of the study suggest that anthroponotic transmission may be important in the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis while zoonotic transmissions may also play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22664352</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.011</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Experimental parasitology, 2012-08, Vol.131 (4), p.452-456 |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool children Cryptosporidiosis - complications Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium - classification Cryptosporidium - genetics Cryptosporidium hominis Cryptosporidium parvum DNA Enterocytozoon Enterocytozoon - classification Enterocytozoon - genetics epidemiological studies feces Feces - parasitology Female genes Genotype Giardia Giardia lamblia Giardia lamblia - classification Giardia lamblia - genetics Giardiasis - complications Giardiasis - epidemiology Giardiasis - parasitology glycoproteins HIV Infections - complications Humans Infant internal transcribed spacers Male Microsporidiosis - complications Microsporidiosis - epidemiology Microsporidiosis - parasitology Middle Aged Nigeria Nigeria - epidemiology parasitology patients polymerase chain reaction Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length restriction fragment length polymorphism ribosomal RNA Risk Factors sequence analysis triose-phosphate isomerase Young Adult |
| title | Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon in humans in Kaduna State, Nigeria |
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