Trends in sunspots and North Atlantic sea level pressure
We analyze the periods 1878–1944 and 1944–2008. The quasi‐stationary wave in the North Atlantic region was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index—as defined by the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia—was higher in the fo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2012-04, Vol.117 (D7), p.n/a |
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| description | We analyze the periods 1878–1944 and 1944–2008. The quasi‐stationary wave in the North Atlantic region was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index—as defined by the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia—was higher in the former period too. We illustrate these statements by maps of sea level pressure and air temperature at the surface. The long‐term trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number such that when, in the mean, the sunspot numbers were high (Gleissberg maxima) the trends in the two quantities were parallel; and when the mean sunspot numbers were low (Gleissberg minima) the trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and sunspots were opposite. We find the connections between the trends statistically significant, and we infer that the level of solar activity played a role in the trends of the past two centuries in the North Atlantic region. However, we cannot as yet provide a mechanism linking the solar trends to those in the atmosphere and ocean, but as a step toward an explanation, the equator to pole temperature gradient is steeper in a Gleissberg minimum than in a maximum.
Key Points
The NAO was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008
Long‐term trends in the NAO Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number
Solar activity relates to North Atlantic Ocean and atmosphere trends |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2012JD017502 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
The NAO was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008
Long‐term trends in the NAO Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number
Solar activity relates to North Atlantic Ocean and atmosphere trends</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-0227</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2169-897X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2156-2202</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8996</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2012JD017502</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Astronomy ; Astrophysics ; Atmospheric sciences ; Climate change ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geophysics ; Gleissberg ; North Atlantic Oscillation ; Physics ; Sea level ; Solar activity ; Sun ; sunspot ; Temperature gradients ; wavelets</subject><ispartof>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2012-04, Vol.117 (D7), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5459-5e2ad5971b76ca14e66e7ad51d9cb8b440061578a3440421ab87d1371d49599f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5459-5e2ad5971b76ca14e66e7ad51d9cb8b440061578a3440421ab87d1371d49599f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2012JD017502$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2012JD017502$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,11514,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46468,46833,46892</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25973755$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>van Loon, Harry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Jeremiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milliff, Ralph F.</creatorcontrib><title>Trends in sunspots and North Atlantic sea level pressure</title><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>We analyze the periods 1878–1944 and 1944–2008. The quasi‐stationary wave in the North Atlantic region was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index—as defined by the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia—was higher in the former period too. We illustrate these statements by maps of sea level pressure and air temperature at the surface. The long‐term trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number such that when, in the mean, the sunspot numbers were high (Gleissberg maxima) the trends in the two quantities were parallel; and when the mean sunspot numbers were low (Gleissberg minima) the trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and sunspots were opposite. We find the connections between the trends statistically significant, and we infer that the level of solar activity played a role in the trends of the past two centuries in the North Atlantic region. However, we cannot as yet provide a mechanism linking the solar trends to those in the atmosphere and ocean, but as a step toward an explanation, the equator to pole temperature gradient is steeper in a Gleissberg minimum than in a maximum.
Key Points
The NAO was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008
Long‐term trends in the NAO Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number
Solar activity relates to North Atlantic Ocean and atmosphere trends</description><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Atmospheric sciences</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Gleissberg</subject><subject>North Atlantic Oscillation</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Solar activity</subject><subject>Sun</subject><subject>sunspot</subject><subject>Temperature gradients</subject><subject>wavelets</subject><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-897X</issn><issn>2156-2202</issn><issn>2169-8996</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkF1LwzAUhoMoOObu_AEFEbywmpzmo7kU56aiE2SidyFrM-zs2pnTqvv3ZlREvBBzk3B43uecE0L2GT1hFPQpUAbXQ8qUoLBFesCEjAEobJMeZTyNKYDaJQPEBQ2HC8kp65F06l2VY1RUEbYVruoGI1vl0aT2zXN01pS2aoosQmej0r25Mlp5h9h6t0d25rZEN_i6--RhdDE9v4xv7sZX52c3cSa40LFwYHOhFZspmVnGnZROhQrLdTZLZ5xTKplQqU3CkwOzs1TlLFEs51poPU_65Kjzrnz92jpszLLAzJVhMFe3aMLuXAolJPwT5SB0QA9-oYu69VVYJFA0VVIAJIE67qjM14jezc3KF0vr1wHa2LT5-ekBP_ySWsxsOfe2ygr8zoS-KlFCBC7puPeidOs_neZ6fD9kSsNm5LhLFdi4j--U9S9GbrzmcTI2_ImO5OT2ydwmn6jemqE</recordid><startdate>20120411</startdate><enddate>20120411</enddate><creator>van Loon, Harry</creator><creator>Brown, Jeremiah</creator><creator>Milliff, Ralph F.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120411</creationdate><title>Trends in sunspots and North Atlantic sea level pressure</title><author>van Loon, Harry ; Brown, Jeremiah ; Milliff, Ralph F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5459-5e2ad5971b76ca14e66e7ad51d9cb8b440061578a3440421ab87d1371d49599f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Astronomy</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Atmospheric sciences</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Gleissberg</topic><topic>North Atlantic Oscillation</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Sea level</topic><topic>Solar activity</topic><topic>Sun</topic><topic>sunspot</topic><topic>Temperature gradients</topic><topic>wavelets</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>van Loon, Harry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Jeremiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milliff, Ralph F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>van Loon, Harry</au><au>Brown, Jeremiah</au><au>Milliff, Ralph F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trends in sunspots and North Atlantic sea level pressure</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><date>2012-04-11</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>117</volume><issue>D7</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-897X</issn><eissn>2156-2202</eissn><eissn>2169-8996</eissn><abstract>We analyze the periods 1878–1944 and 1944–2008. The quasi‐stationary wave in the North Atlantic region was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index—as defined by the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia—was higher in the former period too. We illustrate these statements by maps of sea level pressure and air temperature at the surface. The long‐term trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number such that when, in the mean, the sunspot numbers were high (Gleissberg maxima) the trends in the two quantities were parallel; and when the mean sunspot numbers were low (Gleissberg minima) the trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and sunspots were opposite. We find the connections between the trends statistically significant, and we infer that the level of solar activity played a role in the trends of the past two centuries in the North Atlantic region. However, we cannot as yet provide a mechanism linking the solar trends to those in the atmosphere and ocean, but as a step toward an explanation, the equator to pole temperature gradient is steeper in a Gleissberg minimum than in a maximum.
Key Points
The NAO was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008
Long‐term trends in the NAO Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number
Solar activity relates to North Atlantic Ocean and atmosphere trends</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2012JD017502</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Air temperature Astronomy Astrophysics Atmospheric sciences Climate change Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Geophysics Gleissberg North Atlantic Oscillation Physics Sea level Solar activity Sun sunspot Temperature gradients wavelets |
| title | Trends in sunspots and North Atlantic sea level pressure |
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