Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after unrelated cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation

Ansari M, Rougemont A‐L, Le Deist F, Ozsahin H, Duval M, Champagne MA, Fournet J‐C. Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after unrelated cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. : PAP is a rare alveolointerstitial lung disorder characterized histologically by the intra‐alveolar accumulation of eosinophilic and PAS‐positive material. We observed two cases of PAP after unrelated CB hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in children with ALL. No antagonist activity toward GM‐CSF was identified in the patient tested. The putative multifactorial PAP etiology is discussed. This potentially curable condition should be considered in a CB allograft recipient with alveolointerstial lung disorder.