Footprint-based estimates of arch structure are confounded by body composition in adults
Previous research employing indirect measures of arch structure, such as those derived from footprints, have indicated that obesity results in a “flatter” foot type. In the absence of radiographic measures, however, definitive conclusions regarding the osseous alignment of the foot cannot be made. W...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of orthopaedic research 2012-08, Vol.30 (8), p.1351-1354 |
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| creator | Wearing, Scott C. Grigg, Nicole L. Lau, Hin C. Smeathers, James E. |
| description | Previous research employing indirect measures of arch structure, such as those derived from footprints, have indicated that obesity results in a “flatter” foot type. In the absence of radiographic measures, however, definitive conclusions regarding the osseous alignment of the foot cannot be made. We determined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on radiographic and footprint‐based measures of arch structure. The research was a cross‐sectional study in which radiographic and footprint‐based measures of foot structure were made in 30 subjects (10 males, 20 female) in addition to standard anthropometric measures of height, weight, and BMI. Multiple (univariate) regression analysis demonstrated that both BMI (β = 0.39, t26 = 2.12, p = 0.04) and radiographic arch alignment (β = 0.51, t26 = 3.32, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jor.22058 |
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In the absence of radiographic measures, however, definitive conclusions regarding the osseous alignment of the foot cannot be made. We determined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on radiographic and footprint‐based measures of arch structure. The research was a cross‐sectional study in which radiographic and footprint‐based measures of foot structure were made in 30 subjects (10 males, 20 female) in addition to standard anthropometric measures of height, weight, and BMI. Multiple (univariate) regression analysis demonstrated that both BMI (β = 0.39, t26 = 2.12, p = 0.04) and radiographic arch alignment (β = 0.51, t26 = 3.32, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of footprint‐based measures of arch height after controlling for all variables in the model (R2 = 0.59, F3,26 = 12.3, p < 0.01). In contrast, radiographic arch alignment was not significantly associated with BMI (β = −0.03, t26 = −0.13, p = 0.89) when Arch Index and age were held constant (R2 = 0.52, F3,26 = 9.3, p < 0.01). Adult obesity does not influence osseous alignment of the medial longitudinal arch, but selectively distorts footprint‐based measures of arch structure. Footprint‐based measures of arch structure should be interpreted with caution when comparing groups of varying body composition. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1351–1354, 2012</description><identifier>ISSN: 0736-0266</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1554-527X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jor.22058</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22227795</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anthropometry - methods ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; clinical measurement ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; flat foot ; Flatfoot - diagnostic imaging ; Foot - diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; medial longitudinal arch ; Middle Aged ; obesity ; Obesity - diagnostic imaging ; Obesity - physiopathology ; Radiography</subject><ispartof>Journal of orthopaedic research, 2012-08, Vol.30 (8), p.1351-1354</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4648-f0b4f51434182dae8c30e7e1a8c3c9cae87d421a46573baefd1468eff0c1c4d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4648-f0b4f51434182dae8c30e7e1a8c3c9cae87d421a46573baefd1468eff0c1c4d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjor.22058$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjor.22058$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22227795$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wearing, Scott C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grigg, Nicole L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Hin C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smeathers, James E.</creatorcontrib><title>Footprint-based estimates of arch structure are confounded by body composition in adults</title><title>Journal of orthopaedic research</title><addtitle>J. Orthop. Res</addtitle><description>Previous research employing indirect measures of arch structure, such as those derived from footprints, have indicated that obesity results in a “flatter” foot type. In the absence of radiographic measures, however, definitive conclusions regarding the osseous alignment of the foot cannot be made. We determined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on radiographic and footprint‐based measures of arch structure. The research was a cross‐sectional study in which radiographic and footprint‐based measures of foot structure were made in 30 subjects (10 males, 20 female) in addition to standard anthropometric measures of height, weight, and BMI. Multiple (univariate) regression analysis demonstrated that both BMI (β = 0.39, t26 = 2.12, p = 0.04) and radiographic arch alignment (β = 0.51, t26 = 3.32, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of footprint‐based measures of arch height after controlling for all variables in the model (R2 = 0.59, F3,26 = 12.3, p < 0.01). In contrast, radiographic arch alignment was not significantly associated with BMI (β = −0.03, t26 = −0.13, p = 0.89) when Arch Index and age were held constant (R2 = 0.52, F3,26 = 9.3, p < 0.01). Adult obesity does not influence osseous alignment of the medial longitudinal arch, but selectively distorts footprint‐based measures of arch structure. Footprint‐based measures of arch structure should be interpreted with caution when comparing groups of varying body composition. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1351–1354, 2012</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anthropometry - methods</subject><subject>Body Composition</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>clinical measurement</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>flat foot</subject><subject>Flatfoot - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Foot - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>medial longitudinal arch</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Obesity - physiopathology</subject><subject>Radiography</subject><issn>0736-0266</issn><issn>1554-527X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1PGzEQhq0KVFLaA38A7ZEeNthee-0cEW0oKBAJRWpultcei4XddbC9avPv65KQG3OZDz3zauZF6IzgKcGYXj77MKUUc_kJTQjnrORUrI_QBIuqLjGt6xP0JcZnjLEgVH5GJzSHEDM-Qeu592kT2iGVjY5gC4ip7XWCWHhX6GCeipjCaNIYILdQGD84Pw42o822aLzd5lG_8bFNrR-Kdii0HbsUv6Jjp7sI3_b5FK3mP1fXv8rF8ub2-mpRGlYzWTrcMMcJqxiR1GqQpsIggOhcmJnJA2EZJZrVXFSNBmcJqyU4hw0xzFan6GInuwn-dczHq76NBrpOD-DHqAimZCYZlySj33eoCT7GAE7lv3sdthlS_31U2Uf15mNmz_eyY9ODPZDvxmXgcgf8aTvYfqyk7paP75LlbqONCf4eNnR4UbWoBFe_H27UfHE_4_IHUfPqHzHxjR8</recordid><startdate>201208</startdate><enddate>201208</enddate><creator>Wearing, Scott C.</creator><creator>Grigg, Nicole L.</creator><creator>Lau, Hin C.</creator><creator>Smeathers, James E.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201208</creationdate><title>Footprint-based estimates of arch structure are confounded by body composition in adults</title><author>Wearing, Scott C. ; Grigg, Nicole L. ; Lau, Hin C. ; Smeathers, James E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4648-f0b4f51434182dae8c30e7e1a8c3c9cae87d421a46573baefd1468eff0c1c4d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anthropometry - methods</topic><topic>Body Composition</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>clinical measurement</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>flat foot</topic><topic>Flatfoot - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Foot - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>medial longitudinal arch</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Obesity - physiopathology</topic><topic>Radiography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wearing, Scott C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grigg, Nicole L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Hin C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smeathers, James E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of orthopaedic research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wearing, Scott C.</au><au>Grigg, Nicole L.</au><au>Lau, Hin C.</au><au>Smeathers, James E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Footprint-based estimates of arch structure are confounded by body composition in adults</atitle><jtitle>Journal of orthopaedic research</jtitle><addtitle>J. Orthop. Res</addtitle><date>2012-08</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1351</spage><epage>1354</epage><pages>1351-1354</pages><issn>0736-0266</issn><eissn>1554-527X</eissn><abstract>Previous research employing indirect measures of arch structure, such as those derived from footprints, have indicated that obesity results in a “flatter” foot type. In the absence of radiographic measures, however, definitive conclusions regarding the osseous alignment of the foot cannot be made. We determined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on radiographic and footprint‐based measures of arch structure. The research was a cross‐sectional study in which radiographic and footprint‐based measures of foot structure were made in 30 subjects (10 males, 20 female) in addition to standard anthropometric measures of height, weight, and BMI. Multiple (univariate) regression analysis demonstrated that both BMI (β = 0.39, t26 = 2.12, p = 0.04) and radiographic arch alignment (β = 0.51, t26 = 3.32, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of footprint‐based measures of arch height after controlling for all variables in the model (R2 = 0.59, F3,26 = 12.3, p < 0.01). In contrast, radiographic arch alignment was not significantly associated with BMI (β = −0.03, t26 = −0.13, p = 0.89) when Arch Index and age were held constant (R2 = 0.52, F3,26 = 9.3, p < 0.01). Adult obesity does not influence osseous alignment of the medial longitudinal arch, but selectively distorts footprint‐based measures of arch structure. Footprint‐based measures of arch structure should be interpreted with caution when comparing groups of varying body composition. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1351–1354, 2012</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>22227795</pmid><doi>10.1002/jor.22058</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Anthropometry - methods Body Composition Body Mass Index clinical measurement Cross-Sectional Studies Female flat foot Flatfoot - diagnostic imaging Foot - diagnostic imaging Humans Male medial longitudinal arch Middle Aged obesity Obesity - diagnostic imaging Obesity - physiopathology Radiography |
| title | Footprint-based estimates of arch structure are confounded by body composition in adults |
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