Protothecosis
Abstract Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae that are members of the genus Prototheca. They are ubiquitous in nature in organic material. The clinical manifestations can be acute or chronic and local or disseminated. The disease is classified as cutaneous, causing bursit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinics in dermatology 2012-07, Vol.30 (4), p.432-436 |
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| container_title | Clinics in dermatology |
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| creator | Mayorga, Jorge, BSc Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, MD Verduzco-Martínez, Ana Paula, MD Muñoz-Estrada, Víctor Fernando, MD Welsh, Oliverio, MD |
| description | Abstract Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae that are members of the genus Prototheca. They are ubiquitous in nature in organic material. The clinical manifestations can be acute or chronic and local or disseminated. The disease is classified as cutaneous, causing bursitis or disseminated/systemic, affecting both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, with more severe and disseminated infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii are the most frequent organisms reported in humans. Diagnosis is made by observing asexual sporangia (thecas) on histopathological examination of tissue. Medical and surgical treatment should be considered. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used antifungals. Voriconazole and amphotericin B are highly effective against Prototheca spp. Treatment failure is not uncommon because of the comorbidities that limit the therapeutic outcome. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.016 |
| format | Article |
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They are ubiquitous in nature in organic material. The clinical manifestations can be acute or chronic and local or disseminated. The disease is classified as cutaneous, causing bursitis or disseminated/systemic, affecting both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, with more severe and disseminated infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii are the most frequent organisms reported in humans. Diagnosis is made by observing asexual sporangia (thecas) on histopathological examination of tissue. Medical and surgical treatment should be considered. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used antifungals. Voriconazole and amphotericin B are highly effective against Prototheca spp. Treatment failure is not uncommon because of the comorbidities that limit the therapeutic outcome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0738-081X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1131</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22682193</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use ; Bursitis - drug therapy ; Bursitis - etiology ; Bursitis - pathology ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Opportunistic Infections - complications ; Opportunistic Infections - drug therapy ; Opportunistic Infections - pathology ; Prototheca - isolation & purification ; Skin Diseases, Infectious - complications ; Skin Diseases, Infectious - drug therapy ; Skin Diseases, Infectious - pathology</subject><ispartof>Clinics in dermatology, 2012-07, Vol.30 (4), p.432-436</ispartof><rights>2012</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-f32080c139980789749ac2b88ced9ad8eae309e2561a1cd32a63c0a9292bd0ab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-f32080c139980789749ac2b88ced9ad8eae309e2561a1cd32a63c0a9292bd0ab3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.016$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682193$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mayorga, Jorge, BSc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verduzco-Martínez, Ana Paula, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Estrada, Víctor Fernando, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welsh, Oliverio, MD</creatorcontrib><title>Protothecosis</title><title>Clinics in dermatology</title><addtitle>Clin Dermatol</addtitle><description>Abstract Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae that are members of the genus Prototheca. They are ubiquitous in nature in organic material. The clinical manifestations can be acute or chronic and local or disseminated. The disease is classified as cutaneous, causing bursitis or disseminated/systemic, affecting both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, with more severe and disseminated infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii are the most frequent organisms reported in humans. Diagnosis is made by observing asexual sporangia (thecas) on histopathological examination of tissue. Medical and surgical treatment should be considered. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used antifungals. Voriconazole and amphotericin B are highly effective against Prototheca spp. Treatment failure is not uncommon because of the comorbidities that limit the therapeutic outcome.</description><subject>Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Bursitis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Bursitis - etiology</subject><subject>Bursitis - pathology</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Opportunistic Infections - complications</subject><subject>Opportunistic Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Opportunistic Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Prototheca - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Skin Diseases, Infectious - complications</subject><subject>Skin Diseases, Infectious - drug therapy</subject><subject>Skin Diseases, Infectious - pathology</subject><issn>0738-081X</issn><issn>1879-1131</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9LAzEQxYMottZ-BQ-evOw6k7S7iQdB6l8oKKjgLaTZKaZum5rsCv32ZqmKePI0h_m9mXlvGDtGyBGwOF3ktnarisLSNL7OOSDmoPLU2mF9lKXKEAXusj6UQmYg8aXHDmJcAMAICthnPc4LyVGJPhs-BN_45pWsjy4esr25qSMNv-qAPV9fPU1us-n9zd3kYprZkRg32VxwkGBRKCWhlKocKWP5TEpLlTKVJEMCFPFxgQZtJbgphAWjuOKzCsxMDNjJdu46-PeWYqOXLlqqa7Mi30aNwNOtqihHCT3bojb4GAPN9Tq4pQmbBOkuDr3Qv-PQXRwalE6tJD762tPOllT9SL_9J-ByC1By--Eo6GgdrZIPF8g2uvLuf3vO_4zpUGdN_UYbigvfhlXKU6OOXIN-7B7T_QURgKsxik_3_IrP</recordid><startdate>20120701</startdate><enddate>20120701</enddate><creator>Mayorga, Jorge, BSc</creator><creator>Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, MD</creator><creator>Verduzco-Martínez, Ana Paula, MD</creator><creator>Muñoz-Estrada, Víctor Fernando, MD</creator><creator>Welsh, Oliverio, MD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120701</creationdate><title>Protothecosis</title><author>Mayorga, Jorge, BSc ; Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, MD ; Verduzco-Martínez, Ana Paula, MD ; Muñoz-Estrada, Víctor Fernando, MD ; Welsh, Oliverio, MD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-f32080c139980789749ac2b88ced9ad8eae309e2561a1cd32a63c0a9292bd0ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Bursitis - drug therapy</topic><topic>Bursitis - etiology</topic><topic>Bursitis - pathology</topic><topic>Dermatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Opportunistic Infections - complications</topic><topic>Opportunistic Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Opportunistic Infections - pathology</topic><topic>Prototheca - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Skin Diseases, Infectious - complications</topic><topic>Skin Diseases, Infectious - drug therapy</topic><topic>Skin Diseases, Infectious - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mayorga, Jorge, BSc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verduzco-Martínez, Ana Paula, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Estrada, Víctor Fernando, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welsh, Oliverio, MD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinics in dermatology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mayorga, Jorge, BSc</au><au>Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, MD</au><au>Verduzco-Martínez, Ana Paula, MD</au><au>Muñoz-Estrada, Víctor Fernando, MD</au><au>Welsh, Oliverio, MD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Protothecosis</atitle><jtitle>Clinics in dermatology</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Dermatol</addtitle><date>2012-07-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>432</spage><epage>436</epage><pages>432-436</pages><issn>0738-081X</issn><eissn>1879-1131</eissn><abstract>Abstract Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae that are members of the genus Prototheca. They are ubiquitous in nature in organic material. The clinical manifestations can be acute or chronic and local or disseminated. The disease is classified as cutaneous, causing bursitis or disseminated/systemic, affecting both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, with more severe and disseminated infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii are the most frequent organisms reported in humans. Diagnosis is made by observing asexual sporangia (thecas) on histopathological examination of tissue. Medical and surgical treatment should be considered. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used antifungals. Voriconazole and amphotericin B are highly effective against Prototheca spp. Treatment failure is not uncommon because of the comorbidities that limit the therapeutic outcome.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22682193</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.016</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0738-081X |
| ispartof | Clinics in dermatology, 2012-07, Vol.30 (4), p.432-436 |
| issn | 0738-081X 1879-1131 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use Bursitis - drug therapy Bursitis - etiology Bursitis - pathology Dermatology Humans Opportunistic Infections - complications Opportunistic Infections - drug therapy Opportunistic Infections - pathology Prototheca - isolation & purification Skin Diseases, Infectious - complications Skin Diseases, Infectious - drug therapy Skin Diseases, Infectious - pathology |
| title | Protothecosis |
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