Frequent skipped spawning in the world's largest cod population
Life-history theory suggests that animals may skip reproductive events after initial maturation to maximize lifetime fitness. In iteroparous teleosts, verifying past spawning history is particularly difficult; the degree of skipped spawning at the population level therefore remains unknown. We unequ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2012-06, Vol.109 (23), p.8995-8999 |
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| creator | Skjæraasen, Jon Egil Nash, Richard D. M. Korsbrekke, Knut Fonn, Merete Nilsen, Trygve Kennedy, James Nedreaas, Kjell H. Thorsen, Anders Witthames, Peter R. Geffen, Audrey J. Høie, Hans Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd |
| description | Life-history theory suggests that animals may skip reproductive events after initial maturation to maximize lifetime fitness. In iteroparous teleosts, verifying past spawning history is particularly difficult; the degree of skipped spawning at the population level therefore remains unknown. We unequivocally show frequent skipped spawning in Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) in a massive field and laboratory effort from 2006 to 2008. This was verified by postovulatory follicles in temporarily arrested ovaries close to the putative spawning period. At the population level, "skippers" were estimated to be approximately equally abundant as spawning females in 2008, constituting ~24% of the females 60-100 cm. These females never truly started vitellogenesis and principally remained on the feeding grounds when spawners migrated southward, avoiding any migration costs. The proximate cause of skipping seems to be insufficient energy to initiate oocyte development indicating that skipped spawning may partly be a density-dependent response important in population regulation. Our data also indicate more skipping among smaller females and potential tradeoffs between current and future reproductive effort. We propose that skipped spawning is an integral life-history component for NEAC likely varying annually, and it could therefore be an underlying factor causing some of the currently unexplained large NEAC recruitment variation. The same may hold for other teleosts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1200223109 |
| format | Article |
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M. ; Korsbrekke, Knut ; Fonn, Merete ; Nilsen, Trygve ; Kennedy, James ; Nedreaas, Kjell H. ; Thorsen, Anders ; Witthames, Peter R. ; Geffen, Audrey J. ; Høie, Hans ; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd</creator><creatorcontrib>Skjæraasen, Jon Egil ; Nash, Richard D. M. ; Korsbrekke, Knut ; Fonn, Merete ; Nilsen, Trygve ; Kennedy, James ; Nedreaas, Kjell H. ; Thorsen, Anders ; Witthames, Peter R. ; Geffen, Audrey J. ; Høie, Hans ; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd</creatorcontrib><description>Life-history theory suggests that animals may skip reproductive events after initial maturation to maximize lifetime fitness. In iteroparous teleosts, verifying past spawning history is particularly difficult; the degree of skipped spawning at the population level therefore remains unknown. We unequivocally show frequent skipped spawning in Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) in a massive field and laboratory effort from 2006 to 2008. This was verified by postovulatory follicles in temporarily arrested ovaries close to the putative spawning period. At the population level, "skippers" were estimated to be approximately equally abundant as spawning females in 2008, constituting ~24% of the females 60-100 cm. These females never truly started vitellogenesis and principally remained on the feeding grounds when spawners migrated southward, avoiding any migration costs. The proximate cause of skipping seems to be insufficient energy to initiate oocyte development indicating that skipped spawning may partly be a density-dependent response important in population regulation. Our data also indicate more skipping among smaller females and potential tradeoffs between current and future reproductive effort. We propose that skipped spawning is an integral life-history component for NEAC likely varying annually, and it could therefore be an underlying factor causing some of the currently unexplained large NEAC recruitment variation. The same may hold for other teleosts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200223109</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22615381</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Analysis of Variance ; Animal migration behavior ; Animal populations ; Animal reproduction ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biological Sciences ; Body Size ; Cod ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Female animals ; Fish migration ; Gadus morhua - physiology ; Gonads ; Immatures ; Liver ; Liver - growth & development ; Marine fishes ; Mortality ; Oocytes ; Oogenesis - physiology ; Organ Size ; Ovarian Follicle - physiology ; Ovary - growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Population estimates ; Reproduction - physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2012-06, Vol.109 (23), p.8995-8999</ispartof><rights>copyright © 1993-2008 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jun 5, 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-fe630aaad052d94faa7a0856c9b76ad1cdb0d97226671f25699494534ab3af173</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-fe630aaad052d94faa7a0856c9b76ad1cdb0d97226671f25699494534ab3af173</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/109/23.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41603040$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41603040$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22615381$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Skjæraasen, Jon Egil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nash, Richard D. 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We unequivocally show frequent skipped spawning in Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) in a massive field and laboratory effort from 2006 to 2008. This was verified by postovulatory follicles in temporarily arrested ovaries close to the putative spawning period. At the population level, "skippers" were estimated to be approximately equally abundant as spawning females in 2008, constituting ~24% of the females 60-100 cm. These females never truly started vitellogenesis and principally remained on the feeding grounds when spawners migrated southward, avoiding any migration costs. The proximate cause of skipping seems to be insufficient energy to initiate oocyte development indicating that skipped spawning may partly be a density-dependent response important in population regulation. Our data also indicate more skipping among smaller females and potential tradeoffs between current and future reproductive effort. We propose that skipped spawning is an integral life-history component for NEAC likely varying annually, and it could therefore be an underlying factor causing some of the currently unexplained large NEAC recruitment variation. 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M.</au><au>Korsbrekke, Knut</au><au>Fonn, Merete</au><au>Nilsen, Trygve</au><au>Kennedy, James</au><au>Nedreaas, Kjell H.</au><au>Thorsen, Anders</au><au>Witthames, Peter R.</au><au>Geffen, Audrey J.</au><au>Høie, Hans</au><au>Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Frequent skipped spawning in the world's largest cod population</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2012-06-05</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>109</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>8995</spage><epage>8999</epage><pages>8995-8999</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Life-history theory suggests that animals may skip reproductive events after initial maturation to maximize lifetime fitness. In iteroparous teleosts, verifying past spawning history is particularly difficult; the degree of skipped spawning at the population level therefore remains unknown. We unequivocally show frequent skipped spawning in Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) in a massive field and laboratory effort from 2006 to 2008. This was verified by postovulatory follicles in temporarily arrested ovaries close to the putative spawning period. At the population level, "skippers" were estimated to be approximately equally abundant as spawning females in 2008, constituting ~24% of the females 60-100 cm. These females never truly started vitellogenesis and principally remained on the feeding grounds when spawners migrated southward, avoiding any migration costs. The proximate cause of skipping seems to be insufficient energy to initiate oocyte development indicating that skipped spawning may partly be a density-dependent response important in population regulation. Our data also indicate more skipping among smaller females and potential tradeoffs between current and future reproductive effort. We propose that skipped spawning is an integral life-history component for NEAC likely varying annually, and it could therefore be an underlying factor causing some of the currently unexplained large NEAC recruitment variation. The same may hold for other teleosts.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>22615381</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1200223109</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis of Variance Animal migration behavior Animal populations Animal reproduction Animals Arctic Regions Biological Sciences Body Size Cod Discriminant Analysis Female Female animals Fish migration Gadus morhua - physiology Gonads Immatures Liver Liver - growth & development Marine fishes Mortality Oocytes Oogenesis - physiology Organ Size Ovarian Follicle - physiology Ovary - growth & development Population Dynamics Population estimates Reproduction - physiology Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology |
| title | Frequent skipped spawning in the world's largest cod population |
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