Cue exposure and response prevention with heavy smokers: a laboratory-based randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of D-cycloserine on cue reactivity and attentional bias
Rationale Treatments based on exposure/response prevention (Exp/RP) produce only modest benefits in substance dependence disorders. However, a new strategy, which has shown promise in animal models of addiction involves combining Exp/RP with extinction-enhancing pharmacological treatments. A prototy...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychopharmacologia 2012-05, Vol.221 (2), p.273-284 |
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| creator | Kamboj, Sunjeev K. Joye, Alyssa Das, Ravi K. Gibson, Andrew J. W. Morgan, Celia J. A. Curran, H. Valerie |
| description | Rationale
Treatments based on exposure/response prevention (Exp/RP) produce only modest benefits in substance dependence disorders. However, a new strategy, which has shown promise in animal models of addiction involves combining Exp/RP with extinction-enhancing pharmacological treatments. A prototype of the latter is D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.
Methods
In a laboratory-based randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with non-treatment-seeking heavy smokers (
n
= 32), we examined the efficacy of Exp/RP combined with DCS
(
125 mg
)
. Two sessions of Exp/RP were carried out during which cue reactivity was monitored. Effects on attentional bias and/or subjective craving and smoking behaviour were also evaluated after at least 48 h and 2 weeks following session 2 of Exp/RP.
Results
Within- and between-session reductions in cue reactivity were observed in both treatment groups, although the DCS group did not show an enhanced reduction by the end of session 2. However, a subtle effect of DCS on the emotionality subscale of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire was observed, with a trend towards a sustained reduction in this aspect of craving at 2-week follow-up.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that two sessions of Exp/RP combined with DCS does not enhance the reduction in episodic cue reactivity in non-treatment seeking smokers. A trend towards a greater sustained reduction in the emotionality scale of the TCQ in the DCS group suggests that further detailed study of the effects of combined Exp/RP-DCS on different aspects of craving is warranted, especially in smokers with a current intention to quit. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00213-011-2571-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1017981342</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A354577749</galeid><sourcerecordid>A354577749</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-a79d6724caf0b8bb2beed7c8d854567a8d6389352f54c2fc95d14db7b0f454f23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1ks2O0zAUhSMEYsrAA7BBlhASmwz-rRN2o_IrjcQG1pHjXLcekjjYTqEPx7txMy0MIEikOLK_c8-xfYviMaMXjFL9IlHKmSgpYyVXGj93ihWTgpecan63WFEqRCmYqs6KByldU3xkJe8XZ5wzykQtV8X3zQwEvk0hzRGIGTsSIU1hTECmCHsYsw8j-erzjuzA7A8kDeEzxPSSGNKbNkSTQzyUrUmAUtSHwS-_U28stKG0Ycwx9D1O5ehNj15m8KMftyTv0Nk5sDmR4Mir0h5sHxJEPwJBU4vJIhib_d7nw002k_MxERZqvUkPi3vO9Akencbz4tOb1x8378qrD2_fby6vSqsoz6XRdbfWXFrjaFu1LW8BOm2rrlJSrbWpurWoaqG4U9JyZ2vVMdm1uqVOKum4OC-eH-tOMXyZIeUGd2mh780IYU4NnqauKybkgj79C70Oc8TAN5SQa0lVdUttTQ-NH13I0dilaHMpMJTWWtZIXfyDwreDwePJgvM4_4eAHQU2hpQiuGaKfjDxgN7N0jLNsWUabJlmaZlmCfzkFHhuB-h-KX72CALPToBJ1vQOb9n6dMupSiouFo4fuYRL4xbi7zv_n_sPS9bbZA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1013464058</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cue exposure and response prevention with heavy smokers: a laboratory-based randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of D-cycloserine on cue reactivity and attentional bias</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Kamboj, Sunjeev K. ; Joye, Alyssa ; Das, Ravi K. ; Gibson, Andrew J. W. ; Morgan, Celia J. A. ; Curran, H. Valerie</creator><creatorcontrib>Kamboj, Sunjeev K. ; Joye, Alyssa ; Das, Ravi K. ; Gibson, Andrew J. W. ; Morgan, Celia J. A. ; Curran, H. Valerie</creatorcontrib><description>Rationale
Treatments based on exposure/response prevention (Exp/RP) produce only modest benefits in substance dependence disorders. However, a new strategy, which has shown promise in animal models of addiction involves combining Exp/RP with extinction-enhancing pharmacological treatments. A prototype of the latter is D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.
Methods
In a laboratory-based randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with non-treatment-seeking heavy smokers (
n
= 32), we examined the efficacy of Exp/RP combined with DCS
(
125 mg
)
. Two sessions of Exp/RP were carried out during which cue reactivity was monitored. Effects on attentional bias and/or subjective craving and smoking behaviour were also evaluated after at least 48 h and 2 weeks following session 2 of Exp/RP.
Results
Within- and between-session reductions in cue reactivity were observed in both treatment groups, although the DCS group did not show an enhanced reduction by the end of session 2. However, a subtle effect of DCS on the emotionality subscale of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire was observed, with a trend towards a sustained reduction in this aspect of craving at 2-week follow-up.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that two sessions of Exp/RP combined with DCS does not enhance the reduction in episodic cue reactivity in non-treatment seeking smokers. A trend towards a greater sustained reduction in the emotionality scale of the TCQ in the DCS group suggests that further detailed study of the effects of combined Exp/RP-DCS on different aspects of craving is warranted, especially in smokers with a current intention to quit.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3158</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2072</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2571-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22101394</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSYPAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Addiction ; Addictive behaviors ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Analysis ; Animal models ; Attention ; Attention - drug effects ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Clinical trials ; Cues ; Cycloserine ; Cycloserine - administration & dosage ; Cycloserine - pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug therapy ; Emotions ; Extinction, Psychological - drug effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic) ; Glycine ; Humans ; Inventories ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Memory ; Methyl aspartate ; Motivation ; N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors ; Neurosciences ; Original Investigation ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Placebo effect ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Response prevention ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Smoking - psychology ; Smoking Cessation - methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Tobacco ; Tobacco smoking ; Tobacco, tobacco smoking ; Toxicology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Psychopharmacologia, 2012-05, Vol.221 (2), p.273-284</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-a79d6724caf0b8bb2beed7c8d854567a8d6389352f54c2fc95d14db7b0f454f23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-a79d6724caf0b8bb2beed7c8d854567a8d6389352f54c2fc95d14db7b0f454f23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00213-011-2571-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00213-011-2571-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25845234$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101394$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kamboj, Sunjeev K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joye, Alyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Das, Ravi K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson, Andrew J. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morgan, Celia J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curran, H. Valerie</creatorcontrib><title>Cue exposure and response prevention with heavy smokers: a laboratory-based randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of D-cycloserine on cue reactivity and attentional bias</title><title>Psychopharmacologia</title><addtitle>Psychopharmacology</addtitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><description>Rationale
Treatments based on exposure/response prevention (Exp/RP) produce only modest benefits in substance dependence disorders. However, a new strategy, which has shown promise in animal models of addiction involves combining Exp/RP with extinction-enhancing pharmacological treatments. A prototype of the latter is D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.
Methods
In a laboratory-based randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with non-treatment-seeking heavy smokers (
n
= 32), we examined the efficacy of Exp/RP combined with DCS
(
125 mg
)
. Two sessions of Exp/RP were carried out during which cue reactivity was monitored. Effects on attentional bias and/or subjective craving and smoking behaviour were also evaluated after at least 48 h and 2 weeks following session 2 of Exp/RP.
Results
Within- and between-session reductions in cue reactivity were observed in both treatment groups, although the DCS group did not show an enhanced reduction by the end of session 2. However, a subtle effect of DCS on the emotionality subscale of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire was observed, with a trend towards a sustained reduction in this aspect of craving at 2-week follow-up.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that two sessions of Exp/RP combined with DCS does not enhance the reduction in episodic cue reactivity in non-treatment seeking smokers. A trend towards a greater sustained reduction in the emotionality scale of the TCQ in the DCS group suggests that further detailed study of the effects of combined Exp/RP-DCS on different aspects of craving is warranted, especially in smokers with a current intention to quit.</description><subject>Addiction</subject><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Attention - drug effects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Cycloserine</subject><subject>Cycloserine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Cycloserine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Extinction, Psychological - drug effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic)</subject><subject>Glycine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inventories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Methyl aspartate</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Original Investigation</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Placebo effect</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Response prevention</subject><subject>Smokers</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation - methods</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Tobacco smoking</subject><subject>Tobacco, tobacco smoking</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0033-3158</issn><issn>1432-2072</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1ks2O0zAUhSMEYsrAA7BBlhASmwz-rRN2o_IrjcQG1pHjXLcekjjYTqEPx7txMy0MIEikOLK_c8-xfYviMaMXjFL9IlHKmSgpYyVXGj93ihWTgpecan63WFEqRCmYqs6KByldU3xkJe8XZ5wzykQtV8X3zQwEvk0hzRGIGTsSIU1hTECmCHsYsw8j-erzjuzA7A8kDeEzxPSSGNKbNkSTQzyUrUmAUtSHwS-_U28stKG0Ycwx9D1O5ehNj15m8KMftyTv0Nk5sDmR4Mir0h5sHxJEPwJBU4vJIhib_d7nw002k_MxERZqvUkPi3vO9Akencbz4tOb1x8378qrD2_fby6vSqsoz6XRdbfWXFrjaFu1LW8BOm2rrlJSrbWpurWoaqG4U9JyZ2vVMdm1uqVOKum4OC-eH-tOMXyZIeUGd2mh780IYU4NnqauKybkgj79C70Oc8TAN5SQa0lVdUttTQ-NH13I0dilaHMpMJTWWtZIXfyDwreDwePJgvM4_4eAHQU2hpQiuGaKfjDxgN7N0jLNsWUabJlmaZlmCfzkFHhuB-h-KX72CALPToBJ1vQOb9n6dMupSiouFo4fuYRL4xbi7zv_n_sPS9bbZA</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Kamboj, Sunjeev K.</creator><creator>Joye, Alyssa</creator><creator>Das, Ravi K.</creator><creator>Gibson, Andrew J. W.</creator><creator>Morgan, Celia J. A.</creator><creator>Curran, H. Valerie</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120501</creationdate><title>Cue exposure and response prevention with heavy smokers: a laboratory-based randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of D-cycloserine on cue reactivity and attentional bias</title><author>Kamboj, Sunjeev K. ; Joye, Alyssa ; Das, Ravi K. ; Gibson, Andrew J. W. ; Morgan, Celia J. A. ; Curran, H. Valerie</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-a79d6724caf0b8bb2beed7c8d854567a8d6389352f54c2fc95d14db7b0f454f23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Addiction</topic><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Attention - drug effects</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Cues</topic><topic>Cycloserine</topic><topic>Cycloserine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Cycloserine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>Extinction, Psychological - drug effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic)</topic><topic>Glycine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inventories</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Methyl aspartate</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Original Investigation</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Placebo effect</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Response prevention</topic><topic>Smokers</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - psychology</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation - methods</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Tobacco smoking</topic><topic>Tobacco, tobacco smoking</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kamboj, Sunjeev K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joye, Alyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Das, Ravi K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson, Andrew J. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morgan, Celia J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curran, H. Valerie</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Psychopharmacologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kamboj, Sunjeev K.</au><au>Joye, Alyssa</au><au>Das, Ravi K.</au><au>Gibson, Andrew J. W.</au><au>Morgan, Celia J. A.</au><au>Curran, H. Valerie</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cue exposure and response prevention with heavy smokers: a laboratory-based randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of D-cycloserine on cue reactivity and attentional bias</atitle><jtitle>Psychopharmacologia</jtitle><stitle>Psychopharmacology</stitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>221</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>273</spage><epage>284</epage><pages>273-284</pages><issn>0033-3158</issn><eissn>1432-2072</eissn><coden>PSYPAG</coden><abstract>Rationale
Treatments based on exposure/response prevention (Exp/RP) produce only modest benefits in substance dependence disorders. However, a new strategy, which has shown promise in animal models of addiction involves combining Exp/RP with extinction-enhancing pharmacological treatments. A prototype of the latter is D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.
Methods
In a laboratory-based randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with non-treatment-seeking heavy smokers (
n
= 32), we examined the efficacy of Exp/RP combined with DCS
(
125 mg
)
. Two sessions of Exp/RP were carried out during which cue reactivity was monitored. Effects on attentional bias and/or subjective craving and smoking behaviour were also evaluated after at least 48 h and 2 weeks following session 2 of Exp/RP.
Results
Within- and between-session reductions in cue reactivity were observed in both treatment groups, although the DCS group did not show an enhanced reduction by the end of session 2. However, a subtle effect of DCS on the emotionality subscale of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire was observed, with a trend towards a sustained reduction in this aspect of craving at 2-week follow-up.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that two sessions of Exp/RP combined with DCS does not enhance the reduction in episodic cue reactivity in non-treatment seeking smokers. A trend towards a greater sustained reduction in the emotionality scale of the TCQ in the DCS group suggests that further detailed study of the effects of combined Exp/RP-DCS on different aspects of craving is warranted, especially in smokers with a current intention to quit.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22101394</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00213-011-2571-2</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychopharmacologia, 2012-05, Vol.221 (2), p.273-284 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Addiction Addictive behaviors Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Analysis Animal models Attention Attention - drug effects Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Clinical trials Cues Cycloserine Cycloserine - administration & dosage Cycloserine - pharmacology Double-Blind Method Drug therapy Emotions Extinction, Psychological - drug effects Female Follow-Up Studies Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic) Glycine Humans Inventories Male Medical sciences Memory Methyl aspartate Motivation N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors Neurosciences Original Investigation Pharmacology/Toxicology Placebo effect Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Response prevention Smokers Smoking Smoking - psychology Smoking Cessation - methods Surveys and Questionnaires Time Factors Tobacco Tobacco smoking Tobacco, tobacco smoking Toxicology Young Adult |
| title | Cue exposure and response prevention with heavy smokers: a laboratory-based randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of D-cycloserine on cue reactivity and attentional bias |
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