Snow water changes with elevation over the Western United States in IPCC AR4 models
This work analyzes variations of snow water with elevation for a group of AR4 models over the Western United States. The results are expressed in terms of both snow water equivalent (SWE), which is the depth of snow if melted, and snow water volume (SWV), which is the total volume of SWE for a speci...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Climatic change 2012-06, Vol.112 (3-4), p.1059-1069 |
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| creator | Weare, Bryan C. Blossier, Brice |
| description | This work analyzes variations of snow water with elevation for a group of AR4 models over the Western United States. The results are expressed in terms of both snow water equivalent (SWE), which is the depth of snow if melted, and snow water volume (SWV), which is the total volume of SWE for a specified region. The decrease in total SWV over the study region between 1905 and 25 and 1980–99 is about 22%, which is in the range of the observed values. The results for both the A1b and B1 scenarios for the middle twenty-first century both show a near total loss of SWE at lower elevations. However, the largest losses for SWV are near 1800 m. Furthermore, the total SWV loss for the A1b scenario is about 63%, whereas that for the more moderate B1 scenario is about 49%. Thus, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is likely to reduce the loss of snow, which is vital to society in the dry Western United States. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10584-011-0258-7 |
| format | Article |
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The results are expressed in terms of both snow water equivalent (SWE), which is the depth of snow if melted, and snow water volume (SWV), which is the total volume of SWE for a specified region. The decrease in total SWV over the study region between 1905 and 25 and 1980–99 is about 22%, which is in the range of the observed values. The results for both the A1b and B1 scenarios for the middle twenty-first century both show a near total loss of SWE at lower elevations. However, the largest losses for SWV are near 1800 m. Furthermore, the total SWV loss for the A1b scenario is about 63%, whereas that for the more moderate B1 scenario is about 49%. Thus, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is likely to reduce the loss of snow, which is vital to society in the dry Western United States.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0165-0009</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-1480</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10584-011-0258-7</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CLCHDX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>21st century ; Air pollution ; Altitude ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Climate change ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change ; Drying ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Elevation ; Emissions control ; Equivalence ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Hydrology ; Hydrology. Hydrogeology ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Meteorology ; Precipitation ; Snow ; Snow-water equivalent ; Water ; Water depth ; Water resources ; Watersheds</subject><ispartof>Climatic change, 2012-06, Vol.112 (3-4), p.1059-1069</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-86a0bdfcd181aff6e7c13104573c0dbb850f02d25bd2b36307f386c319507f6e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-86a0bdfcd181aff6e7c13104573c0dbb850f02d25bd2b36307f386c319507f6e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10584-011-0258-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-011-0258-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25893135$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Weare, Bryan C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blossier, Brice</creatorcontrib><title>Snow water changes with elevation over the Western United States in IPCC AR4 models</title><title>Climatic change</title><addtitle>Climatic Change</addtitle><description>This work analyzes variations of snow water with elevation for a group of AR4 models over the Western United States. The results are expressed in terms of both snow water equivalent (SWE), which is the depth of snow if melted, and snow water volume (SWV), which is the total volume of SWE for a specified region. The decrease in total SWV over the study region between 1905 and 25 and 1980–99 is about 22%, which is in the range of the observed values. The results for both the A1b and B1 scenarios for the middle twenty-first century both show a near total loss of SWE at lower elevations. However, the largest losses for SWV are near 1800 m. Furthermore, the total SWV loss for the A1b scenario is about 63%, whereas that for the more moderate B1 scenario is about 49%. Thus, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is likely to reduce the loss of snow, which is vital to society in the dry Western United States.</description><subject>21st century</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Atmospheric Sciences</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</subject><subject>Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change</subject><subject>Drying</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Equivalence</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hydrology. Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Snow</subject><subject>Snow-water equivalent</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Watersheds</subject><issn>0165-0009</issn><issn>1573-1480</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kF9LwzAUxYMoOKcfwLeACL5U723aJn0cxT-DgeIcPpY0TV1Hl86k2_Dbm9IhIvh0D9zfORwOIZcItwjA7xxCLKIAEAMIYxHwIzLCmLMAIwHHZASYxAEApKfkzLlVr3iYjMh8bto93ctOW6qW0nxoR_d1t6S60TvZ1a2h7c7_uqWm79p5zNCFqTtd0nnnXY7Whk5fsoxOXiO6bkvduHNyUsnG6YvDHZPFw_1b9hTMnh-n2WQWKMbTLhCJhKKsVIkCZVUlmitkCJFvraAsChFDBWEZxkUZFixhwCsmEsUwjb1MNBuTmyF3Y9vPrS-Xr2undNNIo9utyxGQp5ynGHr06g-6arfW-HY9xRJkQnBP4UAp2zpndZVvbL2W9stDeT9zPsyc-5nzfua891wfkqVTsqmsNKp2P0YPpQxZ7Llw4Jx_-Znt7wb_hX8DhXCKfg</recordid><startdate>20120601</startdate><enddate>20120601</enddate><creator>Weare, Bryan C.</creator><creator>Blossier, Brice</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120601</creationdate><title>Snow water changes with elevation over the Western United States in IPCC AR4 models</title><author>Weare, Bryan C. ; Blossier, Brice</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-86a0bdfcd181aff6e7c13104573c0dbb850f02d25bd2b36307f386c319507f6e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>21st century</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Atmospheric Sciences</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</topic><topic>Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change</topic><topic>Drying</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Emissions control</topic><topic>Equivalence</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Greenhouse effect</topic><topic>Greenhouse gases</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Hydrology. 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The results are expressed in terms of both snow water equivalent (SWE), which is the depth of snow if melted, and snow water volume (SWV), which is the total volume of SWE for a specified region. The decrease in total SWV over the study region between 1905 and 25 and 1980–99 is about 22%, which is in the range of the observed values. The results for both the A1b and B1 scenarios for the middle twenty-first century both show a near total loss of SWE at lower elevations. However, the largest losses for SWV are near 1800 m. Furthermore, the total SWV loss for the A1b scenario is about 63%, whereas that for the more moderate B1 scenario is about 49%. Thus, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is likely to reduce the loss of snow, which is vital to society in the dry Western United States.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10584-011-0258-7</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 21st century Air pollution Altitude Atmospheric Sciences Climate change Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Drying Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth, ocean, space Elevation Emissions control Equivalence Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Hydrology Hydrology. Hydrogeology Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Meteorology Precipitation Snow Snow-water equivalent Water Water depth Water resources Watersheds |
| title | Snow water changes with elevation over the Western United States in IPCC AR4 models |
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