Expert consensus: Renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension

Abstract Catheter-based renal denervation is a new method able to disrupt renal sympathetic nerves located in the adventitia of renal arteries. A randomized clinical trial showed a decrease in blood pressure in resistant hypertensive patients. In order to guide clinicians and interventional practitioner for the use of this new approach, different French scientific societies (Hypertension, Cardiology and Radiology) decided to combine their expertise and propose an expert consensus to assess benefit/risk ratio of this technique in the field of arterial hypertension. In 2012, this expert consensus propose to limit renal denervation technique to patients with essential hypertension uncontrolled by four or more antihypertensive therapies with at least one treatment being a diuretic and spironolactone at a dose of 25 mg shown to be unable to control blood pressure. Measurement of office BP should be at least with SBP more than 160 mmHg and/or DBP more than 100 mmHg confirmed by ambulatory BP measurement (home or ABP measurement with SBP more than 135 mmHg and DBP more than 85 mm during daytime period). Finally, renal artery anatomy and function should allow proper intervention (i.e., two functional kidneys, absence of previous renal angioplasty). Renal enervation is a complex interventional procedure with potentially arterial complications, training is required for practitioners. Antihypertensive treatment should not be interrupted immediately after renal denervation since blood pressure lowering effect are delayed and reached maximum effect after 3 months. Monitoring of blood pressure, renal function and anatomy of renal arteries is required 12 months and 36 months after procedure. The expert consensus requires the inclusion of patients experiencing this procedure in a observational study with record form and follow-up.