Effects of long duration, low dose bronopol exposure on the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), parasitising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 infections on intensively reared fish stocks can increase rapidly, which if left unmanaged, can result in the heavy loss of stock. The present study explores the efficacy of long duration, low dose (1, 2 and 5mgL−1) treatments of bronopol (marketed as Pycez...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary parasitology 2012-05, Vol.186 (3-4), p.237-244 |
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| creator | Picón-Camacho, Sara M. Taylor, Nicholas G.H. Bron, James E. Guo, Fu Ci Shinn, Andrew P. |
| description | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 infections on intensively reared fish stocks can increase rapidly, which if left unmanaged, can result in the heavy loss of stock. The present study explores the efficacy of long duration, low dose (1, 2 and 5mgL−1) treatments of bronopol (marketed as Pyceze™, Novartis Ltd.) in reducing the number of trophonts establishing on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss held under small scale culture conditions. The effect of bronopol on the colonisation success of infective theronts was also investigated by adding 2mgL−1 bronopol to the water prior and during the infection process. The number of parasites surviving on fish treated this way was compared to groups of fish that only received treatment after infection had occurred. The effect of bronopol on exiting trophonts throughout their external development to the point of theront release was also assessed through the delivery of 1mgL−1, 2mgL−1 and 5mgL−1 bronopol for up to 27 days consecutively (days 9–36 post-infection). The trial showed that a nominal dose of 2mgL−1 bronopol administered prior to infection significantly reduced the number of theronts surviving in the water column at the time of the initial challenge by 35–40% (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.022 |
| format | Article |
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The present study explores the efficacy of long duration, low dose (1, 2 and 5mgL−1) treatments of bronopol (marketed as Pyceze™, Novartis Ltd.) in reducing the number of trophonts establishing on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss held under small scale culture conditions. The effect of bronopol on the colonisation success of infective theronts was also investigated by adding 2mgL−1 bronopol to the water prior and during the infection process. The number of parasites surviving on fish treated this way was compared to groups of fish that only received treatment after infection had occurred. The effect of bronopol on exiting trophonts throughout their external development to the point of theront release was also assessed through the delivery of 1mgL−1, 2mgL−1 and 5mgL−1 bronopol for up to 27 days consecutively (days 9–36 post-infection). The trial showed that a nominal dose of 2mgL−1 bronopol administered prior to infection significantly reduced the number of theronts surviving in the water column at the time of the initial challenge by 35–40% (P<0.05). Similarly, doses of 2 and 5mgL−1 bronopol administered as the first wave of mature I. multifiliis trophonts exited fish (i.e. day 11 onwards) to develop externally, reduced the number of trophonts establishing on fish as the second cycle of infection by 52–83%. Continuous application of 2 and 5mgL−1 bronopol throughout the second and third cycles of I. multifiliis infection gave further reductions of between 90 and 98%. The number of trophonts on the fish in the control tanks and those treated with 1mgL−1 and the 2mgL−1 dose at the time of initial infection, by comparison, were observed to increase with successive cycles of infection. From these small scale tank trials, this study demonstrates that the strategic, long duration, low dose delivery of drugs like bronopol can significantly reduce the number of trophonts establishing on fish suggesting the potential of this drug at managing I. multifiliis infections.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-4017</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22154252</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents - administration & dosage ; Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use ; Aquaculture ; aquaculture tanks ; Bronopol ; Chemotherapy ; Ciliophora ; Ciliophora - drug effects ; Ciliophora Infections - drug therapy ; Ciliophora Infections - veterinary ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; drugs ; fish ; Fish Diseases - drug therapy ; Fish Diseases - parasitology ; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis ; Management ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; parasites ; parasitism ; Propylene Glycols - administration & dosage ; Propylene Glycols - therapeutic use ; Pyceze ; Whitespot</subject><ispartof>Veterinary parasitology, 2012-05, Vol.186 (3-4), p.237-244</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c485t-83ed6d4eb4a41a45f132e5398cca73957d6050a6f720c7a49d4a3a907b828e9a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c485t-83ed6d4eb4a41a45f132e5398cca73957d6050a6f720c7a49d4a3a907b828e9a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401711007540$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22154252$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Picón-Camacho, Sara M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Nicholas G.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bron, James E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Fu Ci</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinn, Andrew P.</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of long duration, low dose bronopol exposure on the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), parasitising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)</title><title>Veterinary parasitology</title><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><description>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 infections on intensively reared fish stocks can increase rapidly, which if left unmanaged, can result in the heavy loss of stock. The present study explores the efficacy of long duration, low dose (1, 2 and 5mgL−1) treatments of bronopol (marketed as Pyceze™, Novartis Ltd.) in reducing the number of trophonts establishing on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss held under small scale culture conditions. The effect of bronopol on the colonisation success of infective theronts was also investigated by adding 2mgL−1 bronopol to the water prior and during the infection process. The number of parasites surviving on fish treated this way was compared to groups of fish that only received treatment after infection had occurred. The effect of bronopol on exiting trophonts throughout their external development to the point of theront release was also assessed through the delivery of 1mgL−1, 2mgL−1 and 5mgL−1 bronopol for up to 27 days consecutively (days 9–36 post-infection). The trial showed that a nominal dose of 2mgL−1 bronopol administered prior to infection significantly reduced the number of theronts surviving in the water column at the time of the initial challenge by 35–40% (P<0.05). Similarly, doses of 2 and 5mgL−1 bronopol administered as the first wave of mature I. multifiliis trophonts exited fish (i.e. day 11 onwards) to develop externally, reduced the number of trophonts establishing on fish as the second cycle of infection by 52–83%. Continuous application of 2 and 5mgL−1 bronopol throughout the second and third cycles of I. multifiliis infection gave further reductions of between 90 and 98%. The number of trophonts on the fish in the control tanks and those treated with 1mgL−1 and the 2mgL−1 dose at the time of initial infection, by comparison, were observed to increase with successive cycles of infection. From these small scale tank trials, this study demonstrates that the strategic, long duration, low dose delivery of drugs like bronopol can significantly reduce the number of trophonts establishing on fish suggesting the potential of this drug at managing I. multifiliis infections.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Aquaculture</subject><subject>aquaculture tanks</subject><subject>Bronopol</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Ciliophora</subject><subject>Ciliophora - drug effects</subject><subject>Ciliophora Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Ciliophora Infections - veterinary</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>drugs</subject><subject>fish</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - drug therapy</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus mykiss</subject><subject>parasites</subject><subject>parasitism</subject><subject>Propylene Glycols - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Propylene Glycols - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Pyceze</subject><subject>Whitespot</subject><issn>0304-4017</issn><issn>1873-2550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFu1DAQhi0EokvhDRD4uJWaxXbsOLlUQqsWKlXqASqOluM4jZesHWynsK_Up2RWKRxBGnlk-5t_RvMj9JaSDSW0-rDbPNg86bhhhNINBGHsGVrRWpYFE4I8RytSEl5wQuUJepXSjhDCSSVfohPGqOBMsBV6vOx7a3LCocdj8Pe4m6POLvhzuP7EXUgWtzH4MIUR219TSHO0OHicB4tN8DnCO9RemyEPhzDB6aKbE97PY3a9G51LeL2FDH8h6rNzDDPr5LJLDtpF7XwLjUBnznh9602Iw8Gb4Shx-O5Swt_02Op5f_Yavej1mOybp3yK7q4uv24_Fze3n663H28Kw2uRi7q0XdVx23LNqeaipyWzomxqY7QsGyG7igiiq14yYqTmTcd1qRsi25rVttHlKVovulMMP2abstq7ZOw4am_DnBRsn1NSC1j0_1HSiJJSWQPKF9TEkFK0vZqi2-t4AOgoWamdWgxVR0MVBBgKZe-eOszt3nZ_i_44CMD7Beh1UPo-uqTuvoACJ-A7lyUB4mIhLCztwdmoknHWG9u5CNarLrh_z_Aby7PAKA</recordid><startdate>20120525</startdate><enddate>20120525</enddate><creator>Picón-Camacho, Sara M.</creator><creator>Taylor, Nicholas G.H.</creator><creator>Bron, James E.</creator><creator>Guo, Fu Ci</creator><creator>Shinn, Andrew P.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H98</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120525</creationdate><title>Effects of long duration, low dose bronopol exposure on the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), parasitising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)</title><author>Picón-Camacho, Sara M. ; Taylor, Nicholas G.H. ; Bron, James E. ; Guo, Fu Ci ; Shinn, Andrew P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c485t-83ed6d4eb4a41a45f132e5398cca73957d6050a6f720c7a49d4a3a907b828e9a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Aquaculture</topic><topic>aquaculture tanks</topic><topic>Bronopol</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Ciliophora</topic><topic>Ciliophora - drug effects</topic><topic>Ciliophora Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Ciliophora Infections - veterinary</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>drugs</topic><topic>fish</topic><topic>Fish Diseases - drug therapy</topic><topic>Fish Diseases - parasitology</topic><topic>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</topic><topic>Management</topic><topic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</topic><topic>parasites</topic><topic>parasitism</topic><topic>Propylene Glycols - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Propylene Glycols - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Pyceze</topic><topic>Whitespot</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Picón-Camacho, Sara M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Nicholas G.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bron, James E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Fu Ci</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinn, Andrew P.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Veterinary parasitology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Picón-Camacho, Sara M.</au><au>Taylor, Nicholas G.H.</au><au>Bron, James E.</au><au>Guo, Fu Ci</au><au>Shinn, Andrew P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of long duration, low dose bronopol exposure on the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), parasitising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><date>2012-05-25</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>186</volume><issue>3-4</issue><spage>237</spage><epage>244</epage><pages>237-244</pages><issn>0304-4017</issn><eissn>1873-2550</eissn><abstract>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 infections on intensively reared fish stocks can increase rapidly, which if left unmanaged, can result in the heavy loss of stock. The present study explores the efficacy of long duration, low dose (1, 2 and 5mgL−1) treatments of bronopol (marketed as Pyceze™, Novartis Ltd.) in reducing the number of trophonts establishing on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss held under small scale culture conditions. The effect of bronopol on the colonisation success of infective theronts was also investigated by adding 2mgL−1 bronopol to the water prior and during the infection process. The number of parasites surviving on fish treated this way was compared to groups of fish that only received treatment after infection had occurred. The effect of bronopol on exiting trophonts throughout their external development to the point of theront release was also assessed through the delivery of 1mgL−1, 2mgL−1 and 5mgL−1 bronopol for up to 27 days consecutively (days 9–36 post-infection). The trial showed that a nominal dose of 2mgL−1 bronopol administered prior to infection significantly reduced the number of theronts surviving in the water column at the time of the initial challenge by 35–40% (P<0.05). Similarly, doses of 2 and 5mgL−1 bronopol administered as the first wave of mature I. multifiliis trophonts exited fish (i.e. day 11 onwards) to develop externally, reduced the number of trophonts establishing on fish as the second cycle of infection by 52–83%. Continuous application of 2 and 5mgL−1 bronopol throughout the second and third cycles of I. multifiliis infection gave further reductions of between 90 and 98%. The number of trophonts on the fish in the control tanks and those treated with 1mgL−1 and the 2mgL−1 dose at the time of initial infection, by comparison, were observed to increase with successive cycles of infection. From these small scale tank trials, this study demonstrates that the strategic, long duration, low dose delivery of drugs like bronopol can significantly reduce the number of trophonts establishing on fish suggesting the potential of this drug at managing I. multifiliis infections.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>22154252</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.022</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0304-4017 |
| ispartof | Veterinary parasitology, 2012-05, Vol.186 (3-4), p.237-244 |
| issn | 0304-4017 1873-2550 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Animals Anti-Infective Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use Aquaculture aquaculture tanks Bronopol Chemotherapy Ciliophora Ciliophora - drug effects Ciliophora Infections - drug therapy Ciliophora Infections - veterinary Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Administration Schedule drugs fish Fish Diseases - drug therapy Fish Diseases - parasitology Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Management Oncorhynchus mykiss parasites parasitism Propylene Glycols - administration & dosage Propylene Glycols - therapeutic use Pyceze Whitespot |
| title | Effects of long duration, low dose bronopol exposure on the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), parasitising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) |
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