Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats
The seeds of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum graecum, commonly used as a spice in Middle Eastern countries and widely used in south Asia and Europe, are known to have anti-diabetic properties. They contain an unusual amino acid (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4HO-Ile), so far found only in fenugreek,...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Phytomedicine (Stuttgart) 2012-05, Vol.19 (7), p.571-574 |
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description | The seeds of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum graecum, commonly used as a spice in Middle Eastern countries and widely used in south Asia and Europe, are known to have anti-diabetic properties. They contain an unusual amino acid (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4HO-Ile), so far found only in fenugreek, which has anti-diabetic properties of enhancing insulin secretion under hyperglycaemic conditions, and increasing insulin sensitivity. Here we describe for the first time the anti-diabetic activity of 4HO-Ile in a model of type I diabetes, streptozotocin-treated rats, where levels of insulin are much reduced, by 65%, compared to normal animals. Treatment of diabetic rats with daily doses of 4HO-Ile at 50mg/kg/day for four weeks could reduce plasma glucose in the diabetic group. Moreover the high levels of lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) and uric acid in the diabetic rats, could be restored to levels found in non-diabetic controls by the treatment with 4HO-Ile. These results demonstrate that 4HO-Ile has significant anti-diabetic activities that are independent of insulin and suggest the potential of 4HO-Ile as an adjunct to diabetes treatment and for type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.004 |
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Branford ; White, Kenneth N.</creator><creatorcontrib>Haeri, Mohammed R. ; Limaki, Hamidreza Khalatbari ; White, Christopher J. Branford ; White, Kenneth N.</creatorcontrib><description>The seeds of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum graecum, commonly used as a spice in Middle Eastern countries and widely used in south Asia and Europe, are known to have anti-diabetic properties. They contain an unusual amino acid (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4HO-Ile), so far found only in fenugreek, which has anti-diabetic properties of enhancing insulin secretion under hyperglycaemic conditions, and increasing insulin sensitivity. Here we describe for the first time the anti-diabetic activity of 4HO-Ile in a model of type I diabetes, streptozotocin-treated rats, where levels of insulin are much reduced, by 65%, compared to normal animals. Treatment of diabetic rats with daily doses of 4HO-Ile at 50mg/kg/day for four weeks could reduce plasma glucose in the diabetic group. Moreover the high levels of lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) and uric acid in the diabetic rats, could be restored to levels found in non-diabetic controls by the treatment with 4HO-Ile. These results demonstrate that 4HO-Ile has significant anti-diabetic activities that are independent of insulin and suggest the potential of 4HO-Ile as an adjunct to diabetes treatment and for type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-7113</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1618-095X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22397995</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Elsevier GmbH</publisher><subject>4-Hydroxyisoleucine ; Animals ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy ; Fenugreek ; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use ; Insulin - blood ; Isoleucine - analogs & derivatives ; Isoleucine - pharmacology ; Isoleucine - therapeutic use ; Lipids - blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use ; Rat ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seeds ; Streptozotocin ; Trigonella - chemistry ; Trigonella foenum graecum ; Uric Acid - blood</subject><ispartof>Phytomedicine (Stuttgart), 2012-05, Vol.19 (7), p.571-574</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier GmbH</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-ec36368cf93cbc54f9a592f01fba8256f13bb7c53f46542e73fb1ed89f505fa73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-ec36368cf93cbc54f9a592f01fba8256f13bb7c53f46542e73fb1ed89f505fa73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.004$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22397995$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Haeri, Mohammed R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Limaki, Hamidreza Khalatbari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Christopher J. Branford</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Kenneth N.</creatorcontrib><title>Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats</title><title>Phytomedicine (Stuttgart)</title><addtitle>Phytomedicine</addtitle><description>The seeds of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum graecum, commonly used as a spice in Middle Eastern countries and widely used in south Asia and Europe, are known to have anti-diabetic properties. They contain an unusual amino acid (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4HO-Ile), so far found only in fenugreek, which has anti-diabetic properties of enhancing insulin secretion under hyperglycaemic conditions, and increasing insulin sensitivity. Here we describe for the first time the anti-diabetic activity of 4HO-Ile in a model of type I diabetes, streptozotocin-treated rats, where levels of insulin are much reduced, by 65%, compared to normal animals. Treatment of diabetic rats with daily doses of 4HO-Ile at 50mg/kg/day for four weeks could reduce plasma glucose in the diabetic group. Moreover the high levels of lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) and uric acid in the diabetic rats, could be restored to levels found in non-diabetic controls by the treatment with 4HO-Ile. These results demonstrate that 4HO-Ile has significant anti-diabetic activities that are independent of insulin and suggest the potential of 4HO-Ile as an adjunct to diabetes treatment and for type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes.</description><subject>4-Hydroxyisoleucine</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy</subject><subject>Fenugreek</subject><subject>Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Insulin - blood</subject><subject>Isoleucine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Isoleucine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Isoleucine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Lipids - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Phytotherapy</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Rat</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Streptozotocin</subject><subject>Trigonella - chemistry</subject><subject>Trigonella foenum graecum</subject><subject>Uric Acid - blood</subject><issn>0944-7113</issn><issn>1618-095X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEokPhDRB4OZWaYMd2fjZIqOKnUgUS00rsLMe5nnrI2KntVIQn4jFxlJYlK0v2d-65PifLXhNcEEyqd4divJ2P0BclJmWBSYExe5JtSEWaHLf8x9Nsg1vG8poQepK9COGAMWFtjZ9nJ2VJ27pt-Sb789XZ3NgwDcaiHkawPdiIpI0m743sIBqFpIrm3sQZOY225e4c0e_niO3OEMtv5967X7MJboBJGQsLo8FOew_wE22vvdk7C8MgkXbp-oj2XoKajmcoGYboYYzut4suadMe_aSgR3EeAV2if_5exvAye6blEODVw3ma3Xz6eH3xJb_69vny4sNVrmhTxRwUrWjVKN1S1SnOdCt5W2pMdCebklea0K6rFaeaVZyVUFPdEeibVnPMtazpabZd547e3U0QojiaoJYPWHBTECl7whmpG55QtqLKuxA8aDF6c5R-TtDCVeIg1o7E0pHARKSOkuzNg8PULW-PosdSEvB2BbR0Qu69CeJmlyZUqcC64hQn4v1KQEri3oAXQRmwKTvjQUXRO_P_Hf4CyKiwMw</recordid><startdate>20120515</startdate><enddate>20120515</enddate><creator>Haeri, Mohammed R.</creator><creator>Limaki, Hamidreza Khalatbari</creator><creator>White, Christopher J. Branford</creator><creator>White, Kenneth N.</creator><general>Elsevier GmbH</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120515</creationdate><title>Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats</title><author>Haeri, Mohammed R. ; Limaki, Hamidreza Khalatbari ; White, Christopher J. Branford ; White, Kenneth N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-ec36368cf93cbc54f9a592f01fba8256f13bb7c53f46542e73fb1ed89f505fa73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>4-Hydroxyisoleucine</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy</topic><topic>Fenugreek</topic><topic>Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Insulin - blood</topic><topic>Isoleucine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Isoleucine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Isoleucine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Lipids - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Phytotherapy</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Rat</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Streptozotocin</topic><topic>Trigonella - chemistry</topic><topic>Trigonella foenum graecum</topic><topic>Uric Acid - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Haeri, Mohammed R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Limaki, Hamidreza Khalatbari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Christopher J. Branford</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Kenneth N.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Phytomedicine (Stuttgart)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Haeri, Mohammed R.</au><au>Limaki, Hamidreza Khalatbari</au><au>White, Christopher J. Branford</au><au>White, Kenneth N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats</atitle><jtitle>Phytomedicine (Stuttgart)</jtitle><addtitle>Phytomedicine</addtitle><date>2012-05-15</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>571</spage><epage>574</epage><pages>571-574</pages><issn>0944-7113</issn><eissn>1618-095X</eissn><abstract>The seeds of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum graecum, commonly used as a spice in Middle Eastern countries and widely used in south Asia and Europe, are known to have anti-diabetic properties. They contain an unusual amino acid (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4HO-Ile), so far found only in fenugreek, which has anti-diabetic properties of enhancing insulin secretion under hyperglycaemic conditions, and increasing insulin sensitivity. Here we describe for the first time the anti-diabetic activity of 4HO-Ile in a model of type I diabetes, streptozotocin-treated rats, where levels of insulin are much reduced, by 65%, compared to normal animals. Treatment of diabetic rats with daily doses of 4HO-Ile at 50mg/kg/day for four weeks could reduce plasma glucose in the diabetic group. Moreover the high levels of lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) and uric acid in the diabetic rats, could be restored to levels found in non-diabetic controls by the treatment with 4HO-Ile. These results demonstrate that 4HO-Ile has significant anti-diabetic activities that are independent of insulin and suggest the potential of 4HO-Ile as an adjunct to diabetes treatment and for type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Elsevier GmbH</pub><pmid>22397995</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.004</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | 4-Hydroxyisoleucine Animals Blood Glucose - metabolism Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy Fenugreek Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use Insulin - blood Isoleucine - analogs & derivatives Isoleucine - pharmacology Isoleucine - therapeutic use Lipids - blood Male Phytotherapy Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plant Extracts - therapeutic use Rat Rats Rats, Wistar Seeds Streptozotocin Trigonella - chemistry Trigonella foenum graecum Uric Acid - blood |
title | Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats |
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