Toughening of poly(lactic acid) by ethylene- co-vinyl acetate copolymer with different vinyl acetate contents
The well-known bio-based and biocompostable poly(lactic acid), PLA, suffers from brittleness and a low heat distortion temperature. In this paper, we address a possible route to make PLA tough(er) by blending with ethylene- co-vinyl acetate (EVA) with different vinyl acetate contents. The compatibil...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European polymer journal 2012, Vol.48 (1), p.146-154 |
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| container_title | European polymer journal |
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| creator | Ma, P. Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G. Goossens, J.G.P. Spoelstra, A.B. Zhang, Y. Lemstra, P.J. |
| description | The well-known bio-based and biocompostable poly(lactic acid), PLA, suffers from brittleness and a low heat distortion temperature. In this paper, we address a possible route to make PLA tough(er) by blending with ethylene-
co-vinyl acetate (EVA) with different vinyl acetate contents. The compatibility and phase morphology of the PLA/EVA blends was controlled by the ratio of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the random copolymers. Tough PLA/EVA blends with increased impact toughness, up to a factor of 30, were obtained with a maximum toughness at a vinyl acetate content of approximately 50
wt.%. The local deformation mechanism was well studied by TEM, SAXS and SEM. It revealed that internal rubber cavitation in combination with matrix yielding is the dominant toughening mechanism for the PLA/EVA blends under both impact and tensile testing conditions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.10.015 |
| format | Article |
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co-vinyl acetate (EVA) with different vinyl acetate contents. The compatibility and phase morphology of the PLA/EVA blends was controlled by the ratio of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the random copolymers. Tough PLA/EVA blends with increased impact toughness, up to a factor of 30, were obtained with a maximum toughness at a vinyl acetate content of approximately 50
wt.%. The local deformation mechanism was well studied by TEM, SAXS and SEM. It revealed that internal rubber cavitation in combination with matrix yielding is the dominant toughening mechanism for the PLA/EVA blends under both impact and tensile testing conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-3057</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-1945</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.10.015</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EUPJAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acetates ; Applied sciences ; Blends ; Cavitation ; Compatibilization ; Copolymers ; Ethylene ; Ethylene vinyl acetates ; Ethylene- co-vinyl acetate ; Exact sciences and technology ; Mechanical properties ; Organic polymers ; Physicochemistry of polymers ; Poly(lactic acid) ; Polymer blends ; Properties and characterization ; Toughening ; Vinyl acetate</subject><ispartof>European polymer journal, 2012, Vol.48 (1), p.146-154</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-dcfdcf5dc480386ed9c1022fb602d199a5fe108aad7872c6ce264a05eed960ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-dcfdcf5dc480386ed9c1022fb602d199a5fe108aad7872c6ce264a05eed960ec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.10.015$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,4024,27923,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25429049$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ma, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goossens, J.G.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spoelstra, A.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemstra, P.J.</creatorcontrib><title>Toughening of poly(lactic acid) by ethylene- co-vinyl acetate copolymer with different vinyl acetate contents</title><title>European polymer journal</title><description>The well-known bio-based and biocompostable poly(lactic acid), PLA, suffers from brittleness and a low heat distortion temperature. In this paper, we address a possible route to make PLA tough(er) by blending with ethylene-
co-vinyl acetate (EVA) with different vinyl acetate contents. The compatibility and phase morphology of the PLA/EVA blends was controlled by the ratio of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the random copolymers. Tough PLA/EVA blends with increased impact toughness, up to a factor of 30, were obtained with a maximum toughness at a vinyl acetate content of approximately 50
wt.%. The local deformation mechanism was well studied by TEM, SAXS and SEM. It revealed that internal rubber cavitation in combination with matrix yielding is the dominant toughening mechanism for the PLA/EVA blends under both impact and tensile testing conditions.</description><subject>Acetates</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Blends</subject><subject>Cavitation</subject><subject>Compatibilization</subject><subject>Copolymers</subject><subject>Ethylene</subject><subject>Ethylene vinyl acetates</subject><subject>Ethylene- co-vinyl acetate</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Organic polymers</subject><subject>Physicochemistry of polymers</subject><subject>Poly(lactic acid)</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Properties and characterization</subject><subject>Toughening</subject><subject>Vinyl acetate</subject><issn>0014-3057</issn><issn>1873-1945</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1LxDAQhoMouK7-BnMR9NB10jb9OIr4BYIXPZc4mbhZuumaZJX-e1NXPHgRBgbeeWZe5mXsVMBCgKguVwva-s3Qj-vVIgchkroAIffYTDR1kYm2lPtsBiDKrABZH7KjEFYAUBdVMWPr52H7tiRn3RsfDJ_unPcKo0Wu0OoL_jpyisuxJ0cZxyH7sG7s04yiipSEb2fy_NPGJdfWGPLkIv-LuZjUcMwOjOoDnfz0OXu5vXm-vs8en-4erq8eMyyFjJlGk0pqLBsomop0iwLy3LxWkGvRtkoaEtAopeumzrFCyqtSgaREVkBYzNn57u7GD-9bCrFb24DU98rRsA1dCg6aupTQJrTeoeiHEDyZbuPtWvkxQRNXdavuN-BuCngapIDT5tmPiQqoeuOVQxt-13NZ5i2Uk8PVjqP08Ycl3wW05JC09YSx04P91-sL5vWYZw</recordid><startdate>2012</startdate><enddate>2012</enddate><creator>Ma, P.</creator><creator>Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G.</creator><creator>Goossens, J.G.P.</creator><creator>Spoelstra, A.B.</creator><creator>Zhang, Y.</creator><creator>Lemstra, P.J.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2012</creationdate><title>Toughening of poly(lactic acid) by ethylene- co-vinyl acetate copolymer with different vinyl acetate contents</title><author>Ma, P. ; Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G. ; Goossens, J.G.P. ; Spoelstra, A.B. ; Zhang, Y. ; Lemstra, P.J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-dcfdcf5dc480386ed9c1022fb602d199a5fe108aad7872c6ce264a05eed960ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Acetates</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Blends</topic><topic>Cavitation</topic><topic>Compatibilization</topic><topic>Copolymers</topic><topic>Ethylene</topic><topic>Ethylene vinyl acetates</topic><topic>Ethylene- co-vinyl acetate</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Organic polymers</topic><topic>Physicochemistry of polymers</topic><topic>Poly(lactic acid)</topic><topic>Polymer blends</topic><topic>Properties and characterization</topic><topic>Toughening</topic><topic>Vinyl acetate</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ma, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goossens, J.G.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spoelstra, A.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemstra, P.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>European polymer journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ma, P.</au><au>Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G.</au><au>Goossens, J.G.P.</au><au>Spoelstra, A.B.</au><au>Zhang, Y.</au><au>Lemstra, P.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Toughening of poly(lactic acid) by ethylene- co-vinyl acetate copolymer with different vinyl acetate contents</atitle><jtitle>European polymer journal</jtitle><date>2012</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>146</spage><epage>154</epage><pages>146-154</pages><issn>0014-3057</issn><eissn>1873-1945</eissn><coden>EUPJAG</coden><abstract>The well-known bio-based and biocompostable poly(lactic acid), PLA, suffers from brittleness and a low heat distortion temperature. In this paper, we address a possible route to make PLA tough(er) by blending with ethylene-
co-vinyl acetate (EVA) with different vinyl acetate contents. The compatibility and phase morphology of the PLA/EVA blends was controlled by the ratio of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the random copolymers. Tough PLA/EVA blends with increased impact toughness, up to a factor of 30, were obtained with a maximum toughness at a vinyl acetate content of approximately 50
wt.%. The local deformation mechanism was well studied by TEM, SAXS and SEM. It revealed that internal rubber cavitation in combination with matrix yielding is the dominant toughening mechanism for the PLA/EVA blends under both impact and tensile testing conditions.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.10.015</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | European polymer journal, 2012, Vol.48 (1), p.146-154 |
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| subjects | Acetates Applied sciences Blends Cavitation Compatibilization Copolymers Ethylene Ethylene vinyl acetates Ethylene- co-vinyl acetate Exact sciences and technology Mechanical properties Organic polymers Physicochemistry of polymers Poly(lactic acid) Polymer blends Properties and characterization Toughening Vinyl acetate |
| title | Toughening of poly(lactic acid) by ethylene- co-vinyl acetate copolymer with different vinyl acetate contents |
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