Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface Height in the Beaufort Sea
The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004–09, using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulati...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of climate 2012-02, Vol.25 (4), p.1079-1095 |
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| creator | Long, Z. Perrie, W. Tang, C. L. Dunlap, E. Wang, J. |
| description | The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004–09, using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulation exhibits a (relative) salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea and a warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, which is similar to the Polar Hydrographic Climatology (PHC), and captures the observed FWC maximum in the central Beaufort Sea, and the observed variation and rapid decline of total ice concentration, over the last 30 years. The model simulations of SSH and FWC suggest a significant increase in the central Beaufort Sea during 2004–09. The simulated SSH increase is about 8 cm, while the FWC increase is about 2.5 m, with most of these increases occurring in the center of the Beaufort gyre. The authors show that these increases are due to an increased surface wind stress curl during 2004–09, which increased the FWC in the Beaufort Sea by about 0.63 m yr−1through Ekman pumping. Moreover, the increased surface wind is related to the interannual variation of the Arctic polar vortex at 500 hPa. During 2004–09, the polar vortex had significant weakness, which enhanced the Beaufort Sea high by affecting the frequency of synoptic weather systems in the region. In addition to the impacts of the polar vortex, enhanced melting of sea ice also contributes to the FWC increase by about 0.3 m yr−1during 2004–09. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/2011JCLI4121.1 |
| format | Article |
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L. ; Dunlap, E. ; Wang, J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Long, Z. ; Perrie, W. ; Tang, C. L. ; Dunlap, E. ; Wang, J.</creatorcontrib><description>The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004–09, using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulation exhibits a (relative) salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea and a warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, which is similar to the Polar Hydrographic Climatology (PHC), and captures the observed FWC maximum in the central Beaufort Sea, and the observed variation and rapid decline of total ice concentration, over the last 30 years. The model simulations of SSH and FWC suggest a significant increase in the central Beaufort Sea during 2004–09. The simulated SSH increase is about 8 cm, while the FWC increase is about 2.5 m, with most of these increases occurring in the center of the Beaufort gyre. The authors show that these increases are due to an increased surface wind stress curl during 2004–09, which increased the FWC in the Beaufort Sea by about 0.63 m yr−1through Ekman pumping. Moreover, the increased surface wind is related to the interannual variation of the Arctic polar vortex at 500 hPa. During 2004–09, the polar vortex had significant weakness, which enhanced the Beaufort Sea high by affecting the frequency of synoptic weather systems in the region. In addition to the impacts of the polar vortex, enhanced melting of sea ice also contributes to the FWC increase by about 0.3 m yr−1during 2004–09.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-8755</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0442</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/2011JCLI4121.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Annual variations ; Boundary conditions ; Climate ; Climatology ; Drag coefficient ; Earth, ocean, space ; Ekman pumping ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Fresh water ; Freshwater ; Ice ; Inland water environment ; Interannual variations ; Meteorology ; Modeling ; Ocean models ; Oceanography ; Oceans ; Polar vortex ; Radiation ; Runoff ; Salinity ; Sea ice ; Sea level ; Sea surface ; Seas ; Simulation ; Simulations ; Surface wind ; Variation ; Vortices ; Wind ; Wind stress ; Wind stress curl</subject><ispartof>Journal of climate, 2012-02, Vol.25 (4), p.1079-1095</ispartof><rights>2012 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2012</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Feb 15, 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-91fdbea1f926282f81f9d8d32afc52175a6528a72ef4f2258445bddb905832443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-91fdbea1f926282f81f9d8d32afc52175a6528a72ef4f2258445bddb905832443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26191241$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26191241$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,3679,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25488680$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Long, Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrie, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, C. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunlap, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, J.</creatorcontrib><title>Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface Height in the Beaufort Sea</title><title>Journal of climate</title><description>The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004–09, using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulation exhibits a (relative) salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea and a warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, which is similar to the Polar Hydrographic Climatology (PHC), and captures the observed FWC maximum in the central Beaufort Sea, and the observed variation and rapid decline of total ice concentration, over the last 30 years. The model simulations of SSH and FWC suggest a significant increase in the central Beaufort Sea during 2004–09. The simulated SSH increase is about 8 cm, while the FWC increase is about 2.5 m, with most of these increases occurring in the center of the Beaufort gyre. The authors show that these increases are due to an increased surface wind stress curl during 2004–09, which increased the FWC in the Beaufort Sea by about 0.63 m yr−1through Ekman pumping. Moreover, the increased surface wind is related to the interannual variation of the Arctic polar vortex at 500 hPa. During 2004–09, the polar vortex had significant weakness, which enhanced the Beaufort Sea high by affecting the frequency of synoptic weather systems in the region. In addition to the impacts of the polar vortex, enhanced melting of sea ice also contributes to the FWC increase by about 0.3 m yr−1during 2004–09.</description><subject>Annual variations</subject><subject>Boundary conditions</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Drag coefficient</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Ekman pumping</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Fresh water</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Inland water environment</subject><subject>Interannual variations</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Modeling</subject><subject>Ocean models</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Polar vortex</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sea ice</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Sea surface</subject><subject>Seas</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Simulations</subject><subject>Surface wind</subject><subject>Variation</subject><subject>Vortices</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind stress</subject><subject>Wind stress curl</subject><issn>0894-8755</issn><issn>1520-0442</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp10MFKAzEQBuAgCtbq1ZsQFI9bM7PJNnvUYm2l4KHqdZnuJnZLu1uTLOLbm1JRL54ykG9mmJ-xcxADgKG6QQHwOJpNJSAM4ID1QKFIhJR4yHpC5zLRQ6WO2Yn3KyEAMyF6jOb1pltTMBWfNsE4apqO1vyVXE2hbhvPW8vHzvjlR0SOj9qomsCpqfjcEJ93zlJp-MTUb8vA64aHpeF3hjrburAjp-zI0tqbs--3z17G98-jSTJ7epiObmdJmeosJDnYamEIbI4ZarQ6VpWuUiRbKoz3UaZQ0xCNlRZRaSnVoqoWuVA6RSnTPrvcz9269r0zPhSrtnNNXFnkCJlAHWGfXf2HUINMpVYij2qwV6VrvXfGFltXb8h9FiCKXdbF36wLiA3X32PJl7S2Mcay9j9dqKTWmRbRXezdyofW_f5nkANKSL8Ao3-GPQ</recordid><startdate>20120215</startdate><enddate>20120215</enddate><creator>Long, Z.</creator><creator>Perrie, W.</creator><creator>Tang, C. L.</creator><creator>Dunlap, E.</creator><creator>Wang, J.</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88F</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M1Q</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120215</creationdate><title>Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface Height in the Beaufort Sea</title><author>Long, Z. ; Perrie, W. ; Tang, C. 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L.</au><au>Dunlap, E.</au><au>Wang, J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface Height in the Beaufort Sea</atitle><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle><date>2012-02-15</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1079</spage><epage>1095</epage><pages>1079-1095</pages><issn>0894-8755</issn><eissn>1520-0442</eissn><abstract>The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004–09, using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulation exhibits a (relative) salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea and a warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, which is similar to the Polar Hydrographic Climatology (PHC), and captures the observed FWC maximum in the central Beaufort Sea, and the observed variation and rapid decline of total ice concentration, over the last 30 years. The model simulations of SSH and FWC suggest a significant increase in the central Beaufort Sea during 2004–09. The simulated SSH increase is about 8 cm, while the FWC increase is about 2.5 m, with most of these increases occurring in the center of the Beaufort gyre. The authors show that these increases are due to an increased surface wind stress curl during 2004–09, which increased the FWC in the Beaufort Sea by about 0.63 m yr−1through Ekman pumping. Moreover, the increased surface wind is related to the interannual variation of the Arctic polar vortex at 500 hPa. During 2004–09, the polar vortex had significant weakness, which enhanced the Beaufort Sea high by affecting the frequency of synoptic weather systems in the region. In addition to the impacts of the polar vortex, enhanced melting of sea ice also contributes to the FWC increase by about 0.3 m yr−1during 2004–09.</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/2011JCLI4121.1</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Annual variations Boundary conditions Climate Climatology Drag coefficient Earth, ocean, space Ekman pumping Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Fresh water Freshwater Ice Inland water environment Interannual variations Meteorology Modeling Ocean models Oceanography Oceans Polar vortex Radiation Runoff Salinity Sea ice Sea level Sea surface Seas Simulation Simulations Surface wind Variation Vortices Wind Wind stress Wind stress curl |
| title | Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface Height in the Beaufort Sea |
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