Improved Embedding for Prediction-Based Reversible Watermarking
This paper aims at reducing the embedding distortion of prediction error expansion reversible watermarking. Instead of embedding the entire expanded difference into the current pixel, the difference is split between the current pixel and its prediction context. The modification of the context genera...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on information forensics and security 2011-09, Vol.6 (3), p.873-882 |
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| description | This paper aims at reducing the embedding distortion of prediction error expansion reversible watermarking. Instead of embedding the entire expanded difference into the current pixel, the difference is split between the current pixel and its prediction context. The modification of the context generates an increase of the following prediction errors. Global optimization is obtained by tuning the amount of data embedded into context pixels. Prediction error expansion reversible watermarking schemes based on median edge detector (MED), gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP), and a simplified GAP version, SGAP, are investigated. Improvements are obtained for all the predictors. Notably good results are obtained for SGAP-based schemes. The improved SGAP appears to outperform GAP-based reversible watermarking. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TIFS.2011.2145372 |
| format | Article |
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Instead of embedding the entire expanded difference into the current pixel, the difference is split between the current pixel and its prediction context. The modification of the context generates an increase of the following prediction errors. Global optimization is obtained by tuning the amount of data embedded into context pixels. Prediction error expansion reversible watermarking schemes based on median edge detector (MED), gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP), and a simplified GAP version, SGAP, are investigated. Improvements are obtained for all the predictors. Notably good results are obtained for SGAP-based schemes. The improved SGAP appears to outperform GAP-based reversible watermarking.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1556-6013</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1556-6021</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2011.2145372</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITIFA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Computer information security ; Context ; Distortion ; Equations ; Error analysis ; Errors ; Gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP) ; Histograms ; Image edge detection ; improved embedding ; median edge detector (MED) ; Optimization ; Pixel ; Pixels ; prediction error expansion ; reversible watermarking ; simplified GAP (SGAP) ; Tuning ; Watermarking</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on information forensics and security, 2011-09, Vol.6 (3), p.873-882</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The improved SGAP appears to outperform GAP-based reversible watermarking.</description><subject>Computer information security</subject><subject>Context</subject><subject>Distortion</subject><subject>Equations</subject><subject>Error analysis</subject><subject>Errors</subject><subject>Gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP)</subject><subject>Histograms</subject><subject>Image edge detection</subject><subject>improved embedding</subject><subject>median edge detector (MED)</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Pixel</subject><subject>Pixels</subject><subject>prediction error expansion</subject><subject>reversible watermarking</subject><subject>simplified GAP (SGAP)</subject><subject>Tuning</subject><subject>Watermarking</subject><issn>1556-6013</issn><issn>1556-6021</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1Lw0AQhoMoWKs_QLwEL55Sd7Jf2ZNoabVQULTicdnNTiQ1aepuWvDfu6XFg6cZmOcdZp4kuQQyAiDqdjGbvo1yAjDKgXEq86NkAJyLTJAcjv96oKfJWQhLQhgDUQySu1m79t0WXTppLTpXrz7TqvPpi0dXl33drbIHE-L4FbfoQ20bTD9Mj741_ivC58lJZZqAF4c6TN6nk8X4KZs_P87G9_OspDnrsxIZpaWwFSo0lIGSRDgqC4OmIDm3VknKrJMgGBQlN8SCpE4SYqtSGifoMLnZ743Xfm8w9LqtQ4lNY1bYbYJWoFQOoCCS1__IZbfxq3hchITiUYiMEOyh0ncheKz02tfxpR8NRO-E6p1QvROqD0Jj5mqfqRHxj-eSU0UZ_QW4JHC5</recordid><startdate>201109</startdate><enddate>201109</enddate><creator>Coltuc, D.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on information forensics and security, 2011-09, Vol.6 (3), p.873-882 |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Computer information security Context Distortion Equations Error analysis Errors Gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP) Histograms Image edge detection improved embedding median edge detector (MED) Optimization Pixel Pixels prediction error expansion reversible watermarking simplified GAP (SGAP) Tuning Watermarking |
| title | Improved Embedding for Prediction-Based Reversible Watermarking |
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