Measurements of HONO, NO, NOy and SO2 in aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise
Measurements of gaseous nitrogen and sulfur oxide emissions in young aircraft exhaust plumes give insight into chemical oxidation processes inside aircraft engines. Particularly, the OH‐induced formation of nitrous acid (HONO) from nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from sulfur dioxide (S...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 2011-05, Vol.38 (10), p.n/a |
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| creator | Jurkat, T. Voigt, C. Arnold, F. Schlager, H. Kleffmann, J. Aufmhoff, H. Schäuble, D. Schaefer, M. Schumann, U. |
| description | Measurements of gaseous nitrogen and sulfur oxide emissions in young aircraft exhaust plumes give insight into chemical oxidation processes inside aircraft engines. Particularly, the OH‐induced formation of nitrous acid (HONO) from nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from sulfur dioxide (SO2) inside the turbine which is highly uncertain, need detailed analysis to address the climate impact of aviation. We report on airborne in situ measurements at cruise altitudes of HONO, NO, NOy, and SO2 in 9 wakes of 8 different types of modern jet airliners, including for the first time also an A380. Measurements of HONO and SO2 were made with an ITCIMS (Ion Trap Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer) using a new ion‐reaction scheme involving SF5− reagent ions. The measured molar ratios HONO/NO and HONO/NOy with averages of 0.038 ± 0.010 and 0.027 ± 0.005 were found to decrease systematically with increasing NOx emission‐index (EI NOx). We calculate an average EI HONO of 0.31 ± 0.12 g NO2 kg−1. Using reliable measurements of HONO and NOy, which are less adhesive than H2SO4 to the inlet walls, we derive the OH‐induced conversion fraction of fuel sulfur to sulfuric acid ɛ with an average of 2.2 ± 0.5 %. ɛ also tends to decrease with increasing EI NOx, consistent with earlier model simulations. The lowest HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and ɛ was observed for the largest passenger aircraft A380.
Key Points
First aircraft‐based HONO measurements with an ion trap CIMS
First measurements of SO2, HONO, NO and NOy in the wake of an A380
HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and the sulphur conversion efficiency depend on EI NOx |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2011GL046884 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
First aircraft‐based HONO measurements with an ion trap CIMS
First measurements of SO2, HONO, NO and NOy in the wake of an A380
HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and the sulphur conversion efficiency depend on EI NOx</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2011GL046884</identifier><identifier>CODEN: GPRLAJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Aircraft ; aircraft exhaust ; Atmospheric aerosols ; Atmospheric sciences ; CIMS ; Climate change ; conversion efficiency ; Earth ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Emissions ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geobiology ; In situ measurement ; Ionization ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Nitrogen oxides ; oxidation ; Photochemicals ; Plumes ; Pollution ; Scientific apparatus & instruments ; Sulfur ; Sulfur dioxide ; Sulfur oxides ; Sulfuric acid ; Troposphere ; Turbines</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 2011-05, Vol.38 (10), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Published in 2011 by the American Geophysical Union</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2011GL046884$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2011GL046884$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28104471$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jurkat, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voigt, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnold, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlager, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kleffmann, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aufmhoff, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schäuble, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaefer, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schumann, U.</creatorcontrib><title>Measurements of HONO, NO, NOy and SO2 in aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise</title><title>Geophysical research letters</title><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><description>Measurements of gaseous nitrogen and sulfur oxide emissions in young aircraft exhaust plumes give insight into chemical oxidation processes inside aircraft engines. Particularly, the OH‐induced formation of nitrous acid (HONO) from nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from sulfur dioxide (SO2) inside the turbine which is highly uncertain, need detailed analysis to address the climate impact of aviation. We report on airborne in situ measurements at cruise altitudes of HONO, NO, NOy, and SO2 in 9 wakes of 8 different types of modern jet airliners, including for the first time also an A380. Measurements of HONO and SO2 were made with an ITCIMS (Ion Trap Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer) using a new ion‐reaction scheme involving SF5− reagent ions. The measured molar ratios HONO/NO and HONO/NOy with averages of 0.038 ± 0.010 and 0.027 ± 0.005 were found to decrease systematically with increasing NOx emission‐index (EI NOx). We calculate an average EI HONO of 0.31 ± 0.12 g NO2 kg−1. Using reliable measurements of HONO and NOy, which are less adhesive than H2SO4 to the inlet walls, we derive the OH‐induced conversion fraction of fuel sulfur to sulfuric acid ɛ with an average of 2.2 ± 0.5 %. ɛ also tends to decrease with increasing EI NOx, consistent with earlier model simulations. The lowest HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and ɛ was observed for the largest passenger aircraft A380.
Key Points
First aircraft‐based HONO measurements with an ion trap CIMS
First measurements of SO2, HONO, NO and NOy in the wake of an A380
HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and the sulphur conversion efficiency depend on EI NOx</description><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>aircraft exhaust</subject><subject>Atmospheric aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospheric sciences</subject><subject>CIMS</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>conversion efficiency</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geobiology</subject><subject>In situ measurement</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen oxides</subject><subject>oxidation</subject><subject>Photochemicals</subject><subject>Plumes</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Scientific apparatus & instruments</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Sulfur oxides</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><subject>Turbines</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kF9LwzAUxYMoOKdvfoCg-Gb13iRrmkcd2jm6VfyDjyFLU6xu3Uxa3L69lYn44sPlXri_cw4cQo4RLhCYumSAmGYg4iQRO6SHSogoAZC7pAegupvJeJ8chPAGABw49sh44kxovVu4ugl0WdJRPs3P6XY21NQFfcwZrWpqKm-9KRvq1q-mDQ1dzduFC9Q01Pq2Cu6Q7JVmHtzRz-6T59ubp-EoyvL0bniVRRVnyCKpkDOncOZmXMwKhwMrmbW2iLnkSQEzoyxIIdhgwLhS0hTIRAlcFcKhKQreJydb35VffrQuNPpt2fq6i9QKWMx5rFQHnf4HoYwBhcKYddTZD2WCNfPSm9pWQa98tTB-o1mCIITEjmNb7rOau83vH0F_967_9q7Th4xJJb7No62oCo1b_4qMf9ex5HKgX6apfsgm9-nkWukx_wKz64Hi</recordid><startdate>201105</startdate><enddate>201105</enddate><creator>Jurkat, T.</creator><creator>Voigt, C.</creator><creator>Arnold, F.</creator><creator>Schlager, H.</creator><creator>Kleffmann, 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H.</au><au>Kleffmann, J.</au><au>Aufmhoff, H.</au><au>Schäuble, D.</au><au>Schaefer, M.</au><au>Schumann, U.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measurements of HONO, NO, NOy and SO2 in aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2011-05</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>10</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><coden>GPRLAJ</coden><abstract>Measurements of gaseous nitrogen and sulfur oxide emissions in young aircraft exhaust plumes give insight into chemical oxidation processes inside aircraft engines. Particularly, the OH‐induced formation of nitrous acid (HONO) from nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from sulfur dioxide (SO2) inside the turbine which is highly uncertain, need detailed analysis to address the climate impact of aviation. We report on airborne in situ measurements at cruise altitudes of HONO, NO, NOy, and SO2 in 9 wakes of 8 different types of modern jet airliners, including for the first time also an A380. Measurements of HONO and SO2 were made with an ITCIMS (Ion Trap Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer) using a new ion‐reaction scheme involving SF5− reagent ions. The measured molar ratios HONO/NO and HONO/NOy with averages of 0.038 ± 0.010 and 0.027 ± 0.005 were found to decrease systematically with increasing NOx emission‐index (EI NOx). We calculate an average EI HONO of 0.31 ± 0.12 g NO2 kg−1. Using reliable measurements of HONO and NOy, which are less adhesive than H2SO4 to the inlet walls, we derive the OH‐induced conversion fraction of fuel sulfur to sulfuric acid ɛ with an average of 2.2 ± 0.5 %. ɛ also tends to decrease with increasing EI NOx, consistent with earlier model simulations. The lowest HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and ɛ was observed for the largest passenger aircraft A380.
Key Points
First aircraft‐based HONO measurements with an ion trap CIMS
First measurements of SO2, HONO, NO and NOy in the wake of an A380
HONO/NO, HONO/NOy and the sulphur conversion efficiency depend on EI NOx</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2011GL046884</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Online Library Free Content; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aircraft aircraft exhaust Atmospheric aerosols Atmospheric sciences CIMS Climate change conversion efficiency Earth Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Emissions Exact sciences and technology Geobiology In situ measurement Ionization Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxides oxidation Photochemicals Plumes Pollution Scientific apparatus & instruments Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur oxides Sulfuric acid Troposphere Turbines |
| title | Measurements of HONO, NO, NOy and SO2 in aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise |
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