Orthogonal frequency coding for SAW tagging and sensors
Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based sensors can offer wireless, passive operation in numerous environments, and various device embodiments are used for retrieval of the sensed data information. Single sensor systems typically can use a single carrier frequency and a simple device embodiment because ta...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2006-02, Vol.53 (2), p.377-384 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control |
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| creator | Puccio, D. Malocha, D.C. Saldanha, N. Gallagher, D.R. Hines, J.H. |
| description | Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based sensors can offer wireless, passive operation in numerous environments, and various device embodiments are used for retrieval of the sensed data information. Single sensor systems typically can use a single carrier frequency and a simple device embodiment because tagging is riot required. In a multisensor environment, it is necessary to both identify the sensor and retrieve the sensed information. This paper presents the concept of orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for implications to SAW sensor technology. The OFC offers all advantages inherent to spread spectrum communications, including enhanced processing gain and lower interrogation power spectral density (PSD). It is shown that the time ambiguity in the OFC compressed pulse is significantly reduced as compared with a single frequency tag having the same code length, and additional coding can be added using a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. The OFC approach is general and should be applicable to many differing SAW sensors for temperature, pressure, liquid, gases, etc. Device embodiments are shown, and a potential transceiver is described. Measured device results are presented and compared with coupling of modes (COM) model predictions to demonstrate performance. Devices then are used in computer simulations of the proposed transceiver design, and the results of an OFC sensor system are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1593376 |
| format | Article |
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Single sensor systems typically can use a single carrier frequency and a simple device embodiment because tagging is riot required. In a multisensor environment, it is necessary to both identify the sensor and retrieve the sensed information. This paper presents the concept of orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for implications to SAW sensor technology. The OFC offers all advantages inherent to spread spectrum communications, including enhanced processing gain and lower interrogation power spectral density (PSD). It is shown that the time ambiguity in the OFC compressed pulse is significantly reduced as compared with a single frequency tag having the same code length, and additional coding can be added using a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. The OFC approach is general and should be applicable to many differing SAW sensors for temperature, pressure, liquid, gases, etc. Device embodiments are shown, and a potential transceiver is described. Measured device results are presented and compared with coupling of modes (COM) model predictions to demonstrate performance. Devices then are used in computer simulations of the proposed transceiver design, and the results of an OFC sensor system are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-3010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-8955</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1593376</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16529112</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITUCER</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Acoustic sensors ; Acoustic waves ; Acoustics ; Coding ; Computer-Aided Design ; Density ; Devices ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Exact sciences and technology ; Frequency ; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) ; General equipment and techniques ; Information retrieval ; Information Storage and Retrieval - methods ; Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy ; Marking ; Mathematical models ; Physics ; Product Labeling - instrumentation ; Product Labeling - methods ; Radio Waves ; Sensor systems ; Sensors ; Spread spectrum ; Surface acoustic wave devices ; Surface acoustic waves ; Tagging ; Telecommunications - instrumentation ; Telemetry - instrumentation ; Telemetry - methods ; Temperature sensors ; Transceivers ; Transducers ; Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2006-02, Vol.53 (2), p.377-384</ispartof><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-1229ae66cf8d2563b25c80c6b533696dc8404f206de8047042d7a45aaec16fc23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-1229ae66cf8d2563b25c80c6b533696dc8404f206de8047042d7a45aaec16fc23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1593376$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1593376$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17486138$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16529112$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Puccio, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malocha, D.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saldanha, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallagher, D.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hines, J.H.</creatorcontrib><title>Orthogonal frequency coding for SAW tagging and sensors</title><title>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</title><addtitle>T-UFFC</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><description>Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based sensors can offer wireless, passive operation in numerous environments, and various device embodiments are used for retrieval of the sensed data information. Single sensor systems typically can use a single carrier frequency and a simple device embodiment because tagging is riot required. In a multisensor environment, it is necessary to both identify the sensor and retrieve the sensed information. This paper presents the concept of orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for implications to SAW sensor technology. The OFC offers all advantages inherent to spread spectrum communications, including enhanced processing gain and lower interrogation power spectral density (PSD). It is shown that the time ambiguity in the OFC compressed pulse is significantly reduced as compared with a single frequency tag having the same code length, and additional coding can be added using a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. The OFC approach is general and should be applicable to many differing SAW sensors for temperature, pressure, liquid, gases, etc. Device embodiments are shown, and a potential transceiver is described. Measured device results are presented and compared with coupling of modes (COM) model predictions to demonstrate performance. Devices then are used in computer simulations of the proposed transceiver design, and the results of an OFC sensor system are discussed.</description><subject>Acoustic sensors</subject><subject>Acoustic waves</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Coding</subject><subject>Computer-Aided Design</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Devices</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Equipment Failure Analysis</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Frequency</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>General equipment and techniques</subject><subject>Information retrieval</subject><subject>Information Storage and Retrieval - methods</subject><subject>Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy</subject><subject>Marking</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Product Labeling - instrumentation</subject><subject>Product Labeling - methods</subject><subject>Radio Waves</subject><subject>Sensor systems</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Spread spectrum</subject><subject>Surface acoustic wave devices</subject><subject>Surface acoustic waves</subject><subject>Tagging</subject><subject>Telecommunications - instrumentation</subject><subject>Telemetry - instrumentation</subject><subject>Telemetry - methods</subject><subject>Temperature sensors</subject><subject>Transceivers</subject><subject>Transducers</subject><subject>Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound</subject><issn>0885-3010</issn><issn>1525-8955</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUFrFDEYhoNY7Lr1DyjIUFBPs375knxJjmVxVSj00BaPQzaTWafMTmqye-i_N9sdWPCgnkLI8715k4extxwWnIP9fHe_Wi0XCEALrqwQml6wGVeoamOVeslmYIyqBXA4Z69zfgDgUlp8xc45KbSc44zpm7T7GTdxdEPVpfBrH0b_VPnY9uOm6mKqbq9-VDu32Rz2bmyrHMYcU75gZ50bcngzrXN2v_pyt_xWX998_b68uq691LirOaJ1gch3pkVFYo3KG_C0VkKQpdYbCbJDoDYYkBokttpJ5VzwnDqPYs4-HXMfUyzl8q7Z9tmHYXBjiPvcGEu8BJXXz9nHv5KktRBK4z9BNMoQkfgPECxwYwp4-Qf4EPepfGnpR8qiEFYVCI-QTzHnFLrmMfVbl54aDs3BZ_Psszn4bCafZej9lLxfb0N7GpkEFuDDBLjs3dAlN_o-nzgtDXFxqPjuyPUhhNPxdM1vyjyt7A</recordid><startdate>20060201</startdate><enddate>20060201</enddate><creator>Puccio, D.</creator><creator>Malocha, D.C.</creator><creator>Saldanha, N.</creator><creator>Gallagher, D.R.</creator><creator>Hines, J.H.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Single sensor systems typically can use a single carrier frequency and a simple device embodiment because tagging is riot required. In a multisensor environment, it is necessary to both identify the sensor and retrieve the sensed information. This paper presents the concept of orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for implications to SAW sensor technology. The OFC offers all advantages inherent to spread spectrum communications, including enhanced processing gain and lower interrogation power spectral density (PSD). It is shown that the time ambiguity in the OFC compressed pulse is significantly reduced as compared with a single frequency tag having the same code length, and additional coding can be added using a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. The OFC approach is general and should be applicable to many differing SAW sensors for temperature, pressure, liquid, gases, etc. Device embodiments are shown, and a potential transceiver is described. Measured device results are presented and compared with coupling of modes (COM) model predictions to demonstrate performance. Devices then are used in computer simulations of the proposed transceiver design, and the results of an OFC sensor system are discussed.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><pmid>16529112</pmid><doi>10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1593376</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0885-3010 |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2006-02, Vol.53 (2), p.377-384 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE/IET Electronic Library |
| subjects | Acoustic sensors Acoustic waves Acoustics Coding Computer-Aided Design Density Devices Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Exact sciences and technology Frequency Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) General equipment and techniques Information retrieval Information Storage and Retrieval - methods Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy Marking Mathematical models Physics Product Labeling - instrumentation Product Labeling - methods Radio Waves Sensor systems Sensors Spread spectrum Surface acoustic wave devices Surface acoustic waves Tagging Telecommunications - instrumentation Telemetry - instrumentation Telemetry - methods Temperature sensors Transceivers Transducers Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound |
| title | Orthogonal frequency coding for SAW tagging and sensors |
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